84,831 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Asynapteron equatorianum Martins 1960
No full textAsynapteron equatorianum (Martins, 1960) Octoplon equatorianum Martins, 1960: 89, fig. 9. Asynapteron equatorianum; Martins, 1970: 1158; 2009: 17; Monné, 2005: 360 (cat.). Remarks. Species extremely variable in color. We examined one specimen that is dark in color. Head dark brownish-red; prothorax with anterior and posterior borders black, yellow color restricted to two pronotal areas; yellow spots on elytra largely surrounded by black, leaving yellowish background restricted to base and apex; meso- and metafemora black, except at the bases, which are yellow. Specimens examined. ECUADOR, Manabi: “Vicinity” Montecristi (01,0534S; 80,68195W, 350 m), d, 17– 21.II. 2006, F. T. Hovore & I. Swift col. (CASC).Published as part of Martins, Ubirajara R. & Galileo, Maria Helena M., 2014, New taxa, notes and new synonymy in Neoibidionini (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera), pp. 492-498 in Zootaxa 3786 (4) on page 495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/23165
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Using strategic ambiguity as management practice in academic R&D : An ethnographic study of MIT SENSEable City Lab
No full textThis article explores the role of strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 2007; March & Olsen, 1976) as a management practice, as used in SENSEable City Lab - a R&D-oriented lab located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.
Although literature has already explored strategic ambiguity in various organizational settings, studies focusing on how academic institutions use strategic ambiguity in the context of R&D are quite sparse.
The article aims at filling this gap by reporting on a study conducted by the author across 2011 and 2014 in a R&D-oriented academic lab and reflecting on the potential of strategic ambiguity as an effective dialogic strategy to appreciate differences among internal organization members and with external partners. The article also examines some shortcomings of strategic ambiguity, such as the level of anxiety reported by some members of the lab
Preemptive Search and R&D Clustering Revisited
No full textThe results obtained by Cardon and Sasaki (1998) on R&D clustering are derived under the specific assumption that firms only can own one patent. When multiple patents are allowed, R&D clustering will come about more frequently if search costs are substantial.R&D clustering; persistence of monopoly
Catalytic activity of Copper(I) and Copper(II) 3,5-dinitro- or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pyrazolate derivatives
No full textCatalytic activity of Copper(I) and Copper(II) 3,5-dinitro- or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pyrazolate derivatives.
Rossana Galassi,a Oumarou Camille Simon,a* Claudia Graiff,b M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva,c Nuno M. R. Martins,c Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins,c,d Armando J. L. Pombeiroc
a School of Science and Technology, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy, *[email protected]
b Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, Italy
c Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
d Chemical Engineering Departament, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal.
The reaction of [μ-N,N-Cu-(3,5(CF3)2pz]3 (1) with halide sources led to the formation of Cu(II) hexanuclear derivatives such as [(Cu((CF3)2pz)6(OH)6) X][Bu4N] (2a)(Cl-), (2b) (Br-), (2c) (I-), (2d) (NO2-).[1] If the reaction occurs in the same conditions but without halides, a highly hydrated hexanuclear metallocycle [(Cu((CF3)2pz)6(OH)6) (H2O)n], (3), was isolated, ruling out the template action of the anions. By replacing the CF3 groups with NO2 groups in the pyrazole, neither the trinuclear nor the hexanuclear copper derivatives were obtained, and the dinuclear [Cu-(3,5-(NO2)2pz)(PPh3)]2 compound, (4), was the only Cu(I) derivative isolated in good yield. Even though CF3 and NO2 are both withdrawing groups, a pronounced different chemical behavior was already revealed in the case of similar pyrazolate silver(I) derivatives.[2] All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, IR spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry. In the case of compound 4 its crystal structure has been determined by X Ray diffraction analysis, evidencing its dinuclear nature, build up by two bridging ligands which coordinate two copper atoms through nitrogen donors, forming a six member ring with boat conformation. Compounds (3) and (4) act as catalysts towards the microwave (MW) assisted peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone under mild conditions, which is of industrial significance for the synthesis of Nylon-6,6. High yield (up to 51% of oxygenated products) is obtained after 2h of MW irradiation, using a maximum of 0.2% molar ratio of 3 (the best catalyst) relatively to the substrate in the presence of TEMPO. The efficiency of the catalytic systems as well as the influence of various parameters, such as the reaction time, amount of catalyst, temperature and presence of different additives, are discussed. The work was partially supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (project UID/QUI/00100/2013)
[ ] Galassi, R.; Burini, A.; Ahmed, A. M. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 3257.
[2] Galassi, R.; Ricci, S., Burini, A., Macchioni A., Rocchiggiani, L., Marmottini, F., Tekarli, S. M., Nesterov, V. N. Omary M. A. Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52, 14124
Flora Zambesiaca. Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana. Volume 12, part 2.
No full textList of families included in volume 12, part 2. Alismataceae / E.S. Martins & L. Catarino. Limnocharitaceae / E.S. Martins. Hydrocharitaceae / J.J. Symoens. Najadaceae / J.J. Symoens & L. Triest. Aponogetonaceae / E.S. Martins. Juncaginaceae / E.S. Martins. Potomogetonaceae / J.J. Symoens. Zosteraceae / S.O. Bandeira. Zannichelliaceae / M.C. Duarte. Cymodoceaceae / M.C. Duarte. Dioscoridaceae / P. Wilkin. Burmanniaceae / M. Cheek. Pandanaceae / H.J. Beentje. Velloziaceae / A.C. Gonçalves. Colchicaceae / I. la Croix. Liliaceae sensu stricto / P. Wilkin. Smilacaceae / M.A. Diniz
Wage effects of R&D tax incentives:Evidence from the Netherlands
No full textThis paper examines the impact of the Dutch R&D tax incentives program, known as WBSO, on the wages of R&D workers. In our model these wages are partly determined by the governments WBSO tax disbursements. We construct detailed firm- and time specific R&D tax credit rates as a function of the R&D tax incentives scheme to capture the wage effects of the government R&D support. An instrumentalvariables econometric model is estimated using an unbalanced firm-level panel data covering the period 1996-2004. After controlling for firm and industry effects and business cycle fluctuations, R&D tax incentives are found to increase R&D wages. The R&D wage effect of these incentives is smaller than their effect on real R&D investment, but it is still sizeable. The elasticity of the R&D wage with respect to the fraction of the wage supported by the WBSO scheme is estimated at 0.1.price effect of tax incentives, tax credits, panel data model, R&D workers, wages
Measuring the Returns to R&D: The Depreciation Problem
No full textMeasuring the private returns to R&D requires knowledge of its private depreciation or obsolescence rate, which is inherently variable and responds to competitive pressure. Nevertheless, most of the previous literature has used a constant depreciation rate to construct R&D capital stocks and measure the returns to R&D, a rate usually equal to 15 per cent. In this paper I review the implications of this assumption for the measurement of returns using two different methodologies: one based on the production function and another that uses firm market value to infer returns. Under the assumption that firms choose their R&D investment optimally, that is, marginal expected benefit equals marginal cost, I show that both estimates of returns can be inverted to derive an implied depreciation rate for R&D capital. I then test these ideas on a large unbalanced panel of U.S. manufacturing firms for the years 1974 to 2003. The two methods do not agree, in that the production function approach suggests depreciation rates near zero (or even appreciation) whereas the market value approach implies depreciation rates ranging from 20 to 40 per cent, depending on the period. The concluding section discusses the possible reasons for this funding.
Virtuality, Innovation and R&D Activities
No full textInnovation plays a central role in economic development, at regional and national level. In the competitive environment companies are obliged to produce more rapidly, more effectively and more efficiently in new product development which is a result of research and development (R&D) activities. It is necessary for them to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers and scientific institutions to achieve innovations of high quality. Depending on the type of industry, the type of business, the type of innovation and the strategic objectives that have been set, firms will regularly have to modify the way in which their R&D and innovation is organized. Nowadays shift from serial to simultaneous and parallel working in innovation has become more commonplace. Literature's have shown that collaboration is as a meta-capability for innovation. By a comprehensive reviewing of literature this article after define a virtual teams and its characteristics, addressing virtual environments innovation and the relationship to R&D activities. Finally conclude that innovation cannot be successful unless the knowledge and information in the R&D project are effectively captured, shared and internalized by the R&D project’s virtual team members.Innovation, Virtual teams, R&D
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