1,721,049 research outputs found
Composite Indicators in experimental psychology. An example with the semantic space of taste and shape stimuli
No full textWhile composite indicators have been used in psychological sciences,
they have mostly been confined within the area of social psychology
for the assessment of specific issues in quality of life and health.
In the area of experimental psychology composite indicators are far
less familiar. This paper has the goal of presenting a procedure to
design composite indicators that can be used for the analysis of
experimental stimuli. An assessment of the extent to which matched
taste and shape stimuli share a common semantic space shows the
practical usefulness of the procedure. The robustness of the results
was studied using uncertainty analysis.While composite indicators have been used in psychological sciences, they have mostly been confined within the area of social psychology for the assessment of specific issues in quality of life and health. In the area of experimental psychology composite indicators are far less familiar. This paper has the goal of presenting a procedure to design composite indicators that can be used for the analysis of experimental stimuli. An assessment of the extent to which matched taste and shape stimuli share a common semantic space shows the practical usefulness of the procedure. The robustness of the results was studied using uncertainty analysis
Comprensión de textos como una situación de solución de problemas
Full text linkLa investigación en la comprensión de textos ha dado detalles de cómo las características del texto y los procesos cognitivos interactúan con el fin de consituir la comprensión y generar significado. Sin embargo, no existe un vínculo explícito entre los procesos cognitivos desplegados durante la comprensión de textos y su lugar en la cognición de orden superior, como en la resolución de problemas. El propósito de este trabajo es proponer un modelo cognitivo en el que la comprensión de textos se hace similar a una resolución de problemas y la situación que se basa en la investigación actual sobre los procesos cognitivos conocidos como la generación de la inferencia, la memoria y las simulaciones. La característica clave del modelo es que incluye explícitamente la formulación de las preguntas como un componente que aumenta la potencia de representación. Otras características del modelo se especifican y sus extensiones a la investigación básica y en la comprensión de textos y de orden superior los procesos cognitivos se describen aplican.Research in text comprehension has provided details as to how text features and cognitive processes interact in order to build comprehension and generate meaning. However, there is no explicit link between the cognitive processes deployed during text comprehension and their place in higher-order cognition, as in problem solving. The purpose of this paper is to propose a cognitive model in which text comprehension is made analogous to a problem solving situation and that relies on current research on well-known cognitive processes such as inference generation, memory, and simulations. The key characteristic of the model is that it explicitly includes the formulation of questions as a component that boosts representational power. Other characteristics of the model are specified and its extensions to basic and applied research in text comprehension and higher-order cognitive processes are outlined.Fil: Marmolejo Ramos, Fernando. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: Yomha Cevasco, Jazmin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Crossmodal integration between visual linguistic information and flavour perception
Full text linkMany studies have found processing interference in working memory when complex information that enters the cognitive system from different modalities has to be integrated to understand the environment and promote adjustment. Here, we report on a Stroop study that provides evidence concerned with the crossmodal processing of flavour perception and visual language. We found a facilitation effect in the congruency condition. Acceleration was observed for incomplete words and anagrams compared to complete words. A crossmodal completion account is presented for such findings. It is concluded that the crossmodal integration between flavour and visual language perception requires the active participation of top-down and bottom-up processing.Fil: Razumiejczyk, Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Macbeth, Guillermo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marmolejo Ramos, Fernando. Stockholms Universitet; SueciaFil: Noguchi, Kimihiro. Western Washington University; Estados Unido
Los Secretos de Cien Años de Soledad: Una Aproximación Estilométrica para la Investigación en Psicolingüística
Full text linkDe acuerdo con la estilística y crítica literaria la obra Cien Años de Soledad, escrita por Gabriel García Márquez, se caracteriza por una alusión constante a los personajes de la historia y un narrador que usa un tono neutro para relatar los eventos. En este artículo se utilizan métodos estilométricos para ratificar tales afirmaciones y proveer nuevos resultados acerca de esta novela. Los hallazgos indican que el autor hace uso de palabras abstractas y palabras referentes a objetos con los que se puede interactuar físicamente para producir el efecto lingüístico característico del realismo mágico. Dada la importancia de los resultados a partir de métodos estilométricos, se plantean algunas ideas acerca de las implicaciones que esta metodología puede tener en áreas de la psicolingüística y de la psicología cognitiva
A Graphical Diagnostic Test for Two-Way Contingency Tables
Full text linkWe propose and illustrate a new graphical method to perform diagnostic analyses in two-way contingency tables. In this method, one observation is added or removed from each cell at a time, whilst the other cells are held constant, and the change in a test statistic of interest is graphically represented. The method provides a very simple way of determining how robust our model is (and hence our conclusions) to small changes introduced to the data. We illustrate via four examples, three of them from real-world applications, how this method worksProponemos e ilustramos un nuevo método gráfico para realizar análisis de diagníistico en tablas de contingencia de doble entrada. En este método, se adiciona o remueve una observación de cada celda a la vez mientras las demás se mantienen constantes, y el cambio en un estadístico de interés se representa gráficamente. El método proporciona una manera simple de determinar cuán robusto es nuestro modelo (y por lo tanto nuestras conclusiones) cuando se introducen pequeños cambios en los datos. Ilustramos cómo funciona el método con cuatro ejemplos, tres de ellos con datos reale
Three strategies for the critical use of statistical methods in psychological research
Full text linkWe present three strategies to replace the null hypothesis statistical significance testing approach in psychological research: (1) visual representation of cognitive processes and predictions, (2) visual representation of data distributions and choice of the appropriate distribution for analysis, and (3) model comparison. The three strategies have been proposed earlier, so we do not claim originality. Here we propose to combine the three strategies and use them not only as analytical and reporting tools but also to guide the design of research. The first strategy involves a visual representation of the cognitive processes involved in solving the task at hand in the form of a theory or model together with a representation of a pattern of predictions for each condition. The second approach is the GAMLSS approach, which consists of providing a visual representation of distributions to fit the data, and choosing the best distribution that fits the raw data for further analyses. The third strategy is the model comparison approach, which compares the model of the researcher with alternative models. We present a worked example in the field of reasoning, in which we follow the three strategies.Fil: Campitelli, Guillermo Jorge. Edith Cowan University; Australia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Macbeth, Guillermo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ospina, Raydonal. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Marmolejo Ramos, Fernando. Stockholms Universitet; Sueci
Generalised exponential-Gaussian distribution: a method for neural reaction time analysis
No full textReaction times (RTs) are an essential metric used for understanding the link between brain and behaviour. As research is reaffirming the tight coupling between neuronal and behavioural RTs, thorough statistical modelling of RT data is thus essential to enrich current theories and motivate novel findings. A statistical distribution is proposed herein that is able to model the complete RT’s distribution, including location, scale and shape: the generalised-exponential-Gaussian (GEG) distribution. The GEG distribution enables shifting the attention from traditional means and standard deviations to the entire RT distribution. The mathematical properties of the GEG distribution are presented and investigated via simulations. Additionally, the GEG distribution is featured via four real-life data sets. Finally, we discuss how the proposed distribution can be used for regression analyses via generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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