32 research outputs found
Potensi Mikroorganisme Air Sampah Mangrove untuk Mendegradasi Plastik Hitam
No full textPlastik telah menjadi salah satu bahan industri utama karena sifat fisiknya yang unggul sehingga banyak digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk. Namun jumlah plastik yang dikonsumsi tiap tahunnya semakin meningkat secara signifikan dan menimbulkan dampak pada jumlah plastik yang dibuang ke lingkungan. Upaya pengelolaan sampah plastik telah banyak dilakukan salah satunya adalah biodegradasi menggunakan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Penelitian terdahulu oleh Ainiyah dan Shovitri (2014), menunjukkan bahwa inokulum dari tanah sampah mampu mendegradasi plastik. Sebagai upaya eksplorasi mikroorganisme pendegradasi plastik, pada penelitian ini inokulum yang digunakan adalah inokulum dari air sampah mangrove (M), karena beberapa jenis mikroorganisme di substrat mangrove berpotensi untuk mendegradasi plastik (Wang et al., 2003); isolat yeast Debaryomyces R1.10 (Y) ; dan inokulum I dari penelitian plastik terdahulu (Ainiyah dan Shovitri, 2014). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode inkubasi dalam pasir steril selama 3 bulan untuk mengetahui potensi ketiga inokulum di atas untuk mendegradasi kantong plastik belanja warna hitam. Parameter yang diamati adalah kehilangan berat kering plastik (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap jenis inokulum memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dalam mendegradasi plastik. Inokulum tunggal yeast Debaryomyces R1.10 memiliki kemampuan tertinggi dalam mendegradasi plastik hitam sebesar 10,4%
Potensi Mikroorganisme Air Sampah Mangrove untuk Mendegradasi Plastik Hitam
No full textPlastik telah menjadi salah satu bahan industri utama karena sifat fisiknya yang unggul sehingga banyak digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk. Namun jumlah plastik yang dikonsumsi tiap tahunnya semakin meningkat secara signifikan dan menimbulkan dampak pada jumlah plastik yang dibuang ke lingkungan. Upaya pengelolaan sampah plastik telah banyak dilakukan salah satunya adalah biodegradasi menggunakan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Penelitian terdahulu oleh Ainiyah dan Shovitri (2014), menunjukkan bahwa inokulum dari tanah sampah mampu mendegradasi plastik. Sebagai upaya eksplorasi mikroorganisme pendegradasi plastik, pada penelitian ini inokulum yang digunakan adalah inokulum dari air sampah mangrove (M), karena beberapa jenis mikroorganisme di substrat mangrove berpotensi untuk mendegradasi plastik (Wang et al., 2003); isolat yeast Debaryomyces R1.10 (Y) ; dan inokulum I dari penelitian plastik terdahulu (Ainiyah dan Shovitri, 2014). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode inkubasi dalam pasir steril selama 3 bulan untuk mengetahui potensi ketiga inokulum di atas untuk mendegradasi kantong plastik belanja warna hitam. Parameter yang diamati adalah kehilangan berat kering plastik (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap jenis inokulum memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dalam mendegradasi plastik. Inokulum tunggal yeast Debaryomyces R1.10 memiliki kemampuan tertinggi dalam mendegradasi plastik hitam sebesar 10,4%
Short Communication: Plastic degradation by Coriolopsis byrsina, an identified white-rot, soil-borne mangrove fungal isolate from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
No full textAbstract. Kuswytasari ND, Kurniawati AR, Alami NH, Zulaika E, Shovitri M, Oh KM, Puspaningsih TP, Ni’matuzahroh. 2019. Plastic degradation by Coriolopsis byrsina, an identified white-rot, soil-borne mangrove fungal isolate from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 867-871. The work deals with an important environmental issue, the disposal of plastic waste. The degradation of plastic by white-rot fungi of soil-borne mangrove isolate, T1P2, from Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, was investigated using Minimal Salt Medium and the ability of the degradation was indicated as the amount of degradation efficiency. Analysis of the 18S rDNA sequence successfully identified the ligninolitic fungal isolated, T1P2, as Coriolopsis byrsina. The results have been revealed that C. byrsina have more potential to degrade plastic with maximum % DE was 22,7% for six weeks compared with the enzymatic plastic degradation reached 6,3% for two days. However, this study needs to do further investigation of extracellular enzyme that involved in degradation process
Bacterial community in the intertidal sediments populated by Arenicola marina, a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms study
No full textSediments offer microorganisms an unexplored numbers of niches with the opportunity to evolve specialized microbial communities. The small size of microbial niches in biogeochemical gradients in sediments called for a high resolution study of the populations. We applied a genetic fingerprint method, the terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP), to characterize the diversity of the 16S rRNA gene present in thin sediment layers at which one TRF represents one operational taxonomic unit (OTU). A partial gene amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of the amplicon allows the detection of about 150 different fragments in an intensity range of 100 to 10000 relative fluorescence units as a picture of the richness and evenness of the bacterial community.The T-RFLP method was established for intertidal soft sediments from the Wadden Sea, the North Sea. The variations in the results were correlated to variations in individual steps of the method protocol. Restriction enzyme digest and digest analysis on a capillary sequencer correlated with a dissimilarity of about 20% and 10% in the obtained replicate datasets describing one pooled amplicon from one DNA sample after binning with a fixed window size of 0.5 and 1 base pair, respectively. The biases in individual PCR reactions did not increase the dissimilarity after performing independent T-RFLP analyses from one DNA sample. The dissimilarity was partly caused by an imperfect binning. Working with a high resolution window size of 0.5 bp, no starting point (50.25, 50.20, 50.30 and 50.65 bp) gave a perfect binning result. Some of identical TRFs were always binned into two different TRFs, thus creating an additional OTU. A window size of 1 bp with starting point 50.50 bp gave similar dissimilarities. Although our results may require an improved binning technique to utilize the full biodiversity information in the profiles, the current T-RFLP technique clearly detected the biological variation in adjacent small sediment layers and can be used to characterize the microbial community in individual sediment layers. Eukaryotes offer and create a number of niches. The lugworm Arenicola marina is a bioturbator in marine intertidal sediments. The T-RFLP method was applied to investigate the bacterial community in the burrow of the lugworm A. marina. The U-shaped burrow is divided into three compartments: the vertical head shaft tube through which the surface sediment is sinking down and ingested by the lugworm, the horizontal gallery tube at where the lugworm relatively stays permanent inside the sediment and the vertical tail shaft tube through which the lugworm does defecation by moving backward until the tail reaches sediment surface and ejects characteristic fecal cast on the sediment surface. In the bulk sediment surrounding the U-shaped burrow, the sediment contained a number of different bacterial communities changing with depth. On the basis of an aerobic layer, a redox potential discontinuity (RDP) layer and an anoxic layer, the decreasing and the increasing TRFs over depth may represent surface and subsurface layer bacteria respectively at 0-2 cm and 2-10 cm depth. T-RFLP data suggested that the RDP layer is at 3-5 cm sediment depth, because the unique TRFs of the surface layer and subsurface layers were not found at this depth and the change of abundance of TRFs was fast. The T-RFLP analyses clearly grouped the microbial population in the head shaft tube with sediment surface populations. The tail shaft tube was populated by different populations; close to the surface dominated by the surface bacteria and below 3 cm dominated by the subsurface bacteria. The populations in the gallery tube were similar to those in the head and tail shaft tube. The richness in the gallery tube was the lowest but had the highest evenness. T-RFLP analyses of two mm-thick sediment layers from areas with A. marina and without A. marina also revealed a strong depth-dependence of the surface bacterial community composition. According to the T-RFLP analyses, the presence or absence of A. marina had no clear detectable influence on the microbial populations in the top two centimeter of sediment. Most likely, the increase presence of other burrowing animals in the A. marina exclusion areas seems to form highly similar biogeochemical environments for the development of bacterial communities
Microbial community, biomarker concentrations and their isotopic signature in sediment of Gullfaks and Tommeliten methane seeps in the Northern North Sea
No full textGullfaks is one of the four major Norwegian oil and gas fields, located in the northeastern edge of the North Sea Plateau. Tommeliten lies in the greater Ekofisk area in the central North Sea. During the cruises HE 208 and AL 267 several seep locations of the North Sea were visited. At the Heincke seep at Gullfaks, sediments were sampled in May 2004 (HE 208) using a video-guided multiple corer system (MUC; Octopus, Kiel). The samples were recovered from an area densely covered with bacterial mats where gas ebullition was observed. The coarse sands limited MUC penetration depth to maximal 30 centimeters and the highly permeable sands did not allow for a high-resolution, vertical subsampling because of pore water loss. The gas flare mapping and videographic observation at Tommeliten indicated an area of gas emission with a few small patches of bacterial mats with diameters <50 cm from most of which a single stream of gas bubbles emerged. The patches were spaced apart by 10-100 m. Sampling of sediments covered by bacterial mats was only possible with 3 small push cores (3.8 cm diameter) mounted to ROV Cherokee. These cores were sampled in 3 cm intervals. Lipid biomarker extraction from 10 -17 g wet sediment was carried out as described in detail elsewhere (Elvert et al., 2003; doi:10.1080/01490450303894). Briefly, defined concentrations of cholestane, nonadecanol and nonadecanolic acid with known delta 13C-values were added to the sediments prior to extraction as internal standards for the hydrocarbon, alcohol and fatty acid fraction, respectively. Total lipid extracts were obtained from the sediment by ultrasonification with organic solvents of decreasing polarity. Esterified fatty acids (FAs) were cleaved from the glycerol head group by saponification with methanolic KOH solution. From this mixture, the neutral fraction was extracted with hexane. After subsequent acidification, FAs were extracted with hexane. For analysis, FAs were methylated using BF3 in methanol yielding fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES). The fixation for total cell counts and CARD-FISH were performed on-board directly after sampling. For both methods, sediments were fixed in formaldehyde solution. After two hours, aliquots for CARD-FISH staining were washed with 1* PBS (10mmol/l sodium phosphate solution, 130mmol/l NaCl, adjusted to a pH of 7.2) and finally stored in a 1:1 PBS:ethanol solution at -20°C until further processing. Samples for total cell counts were stored in formalin at 4°C until analysis. For sandy samples, the total cell count/CARD-FISH protocol was optimized to separate sand particles from the cells. Cells were dislodged from sediment grains and brought into solution with the supernatant by sonicating each sample onice for 2 minutes at 50W. This procedure was repeated four times and supernatants were combined. The sediment samples were brought to a final dilution of 1:2000 to 1:4000 and filtered onto 0.2µm GTTP filters (Millipore, Eschbonn, Germany)
Biomarker concentrations and isotopic signatures in sediment of Gullfaks and Tommeliten methane seeps in the Northern North Sea
No full textMicrobial community in sediment of Gullfaks and Tommeliten methane seeps in the Northern North Sea
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