101 research outputs found
A Decision Support System for Integrated Airport Performance Assessment and Capacity Management
No full textNotwithstanding the global economic crisis, long-term forecasts of air transport growth
speak about a doubling in air transport demand in Europe by 2030 (Eurocontrol, 2008).
Characteristically, although the planned capacity of 138 Eurocontrol Statistical Reference
Area (ESRA) airports is planned to increase by 41% in total by 2030, the demand will still
exceed capacity of the airport system by as many as 7.0 million flights in a high-growth
scenario
for 2030 (Eurocontrol, 2008). Under such a scenario, 14–39 European airports will
need to operate at full capacity 8 h per day to accommodate only a part of the demand, similar
to what most severely congested airports do now (Eurocontrol, 2008). A direct consequence
of the mismatch between capacity and traffic growth is the increase of congestion and delays
both in the air and on the ground (at airports). Airports constitute the terminal nodes of
a continuously
expanding air transport network that should both efficiently and safely
accommodate
growing traffic.
The anticipated traffic growth in decades to come will again push capacity to the limit, thus
triggering unprecedented levels of congestion with far reaching impact on the environment
and the safety of operations. The latter concerns will pose serious challenges towards close
airport performance monitoring and improvement. Airport decision makers should be able
to cope with multiple – even conflicting – objectives and priorities assigned by various
stakeholders
regarding the multifaceted performance of the airport system such as the level
of service offered to the travelling public, the efficiency of airport and air traffic management
(ATM) operations, the quality of the surrounding environment, and the safety of the entire air
transport system. The assessment of the airport performance requires a deep understanding
of the manifold aspects of airport performance supported by advanced modelling capabilities
and decision support systems, or tools for measuring it. Such decision aids should be diverse
in that they should: (1) capture the behaviour of various entities (e.g. aircraft, passenger,
baggage)
processed through the system, (2) address different airport elements simultaneously
(e.g. runway system, taxiway system, apron area, terminal), and (3) consider a large set of
airport performance measures like capacity, delays, safety, security, noise and costs.
In order to deal with the multi-faceted aspects of the airport decision making process, a
wealth of decision support models and tools have appeared in both literature and practice
(Odoni, 1991; Tosic, 1992; Odoni et al., 1997; Lucic et al., 2007; Correia et al., 2008; Long
et al., 2009). Early modelling efforts developed rather focused applications (e.g. models, tools)
both in terms of integration scope and degree of coverage. They basically constituted ‘monolithic’
modelling structures exhibiting either analytical or simulation modelling approaches
with focused decision support capabilities mainly with view to a single airport performance
measure, for example, runway capacity (not accounting for trade-offs). At the same time, early
modelling efforts had a targeted/narrow coverage of specific elements of either airside (mainly
runways) or landside. Since their early stages of development in the 1960s, airport performance
models and tools have evolved substantially with a common orientation
being the pursuit of
more integration and expanded coverage capabilities. More recent research initiatives since
1990s attempted the integration of pre-selected and pre-existing
tool configurations in order to
model and evaluate simultaneously airport airside and landside and assess their interdependencies
(Andreatta et al., 1999; Zografos and Madas, 2006). These efforts primarily suffered
from the lack of a harmonized, fully integrated and automated computing environment needed
to execute the various models, as well as limited trade-off analysis capabilities.
Despite the rich experience in both models and tools for airport performance assessment,
modelling capabilities until 10 years ago or so addressed only partial aspects of the airport
performance and exhibited several deficiencies: (1) they were concerned with specific flows
or entities (e.g. aircraft, passengers, baggage), (2) they focused on specific airport elements
(e.g. runway system, apron, terminal), (3) they considered one (or very few) airport performance
indicator at a time (e.g. capacity, noise, safety, emissions), and (4) they were tailored for a
specific level of decision making, either strategic, tactical or operational. At the outset, there
was a clear lack of integrated modelling capabilities for assessing multiple performance
measures
simultaneously (and their trade-offs) for the airport system in its entirety (i.e. ‘total
airport’), that is, for both airport airside and landside simultaneously.
The latest developments in the airport modelling landscape involve the emergence of integrated
platforms or systems1. Currently, there are a limited number of software products/decision support
systems (mainly ‘off-the-shelf’) with integrated impact analysis capabilities for total airport
operations.
Most of them are purely simulation platforms basically integrating detailed simulation tools at a microscopic level. As a result, they do not exhibit macroscopic/aggregate analysis
capabilities
at the strategic decision making level with the use of analytical models. Furthermore,
the existing, simulation based tools are quite complicated, rather data intensive, have a costly set
up process for different airports, and require substantial tool familiarity
and prior computational
expertise. Another common feature for most of these tools is that they capture the airside-landside
interaction, but still provide limited trade-off analysis capabilities, since they primarily focus
on capacity and delay metrics. As a result, the basic modelling challenge remains, that is, to
develop systems and tools that will not only capture the manifold aspects of airport performance
in isolation, but will be also able to analyse, with reasonable effort, the various trade-offs and
interdependencies among these performance measures, entities, or airport elements.
In response to the identified modelling needs, an integrated Decision Support System (DSS),
the ‘Supporting Platform for Airport Decision Making and Efficiency Analysis’ (SPADE DSS),
has been developed recently. The proposed system has the form of a computational platform that
seamlessly integrates a variety of existing analytical models and simulation
tools in order to
capture the interdependencies among various measures of airport effectiveness (e.g. capacity,
delays, level of service, noise, safety, costs and benefits) and enable performance trade-off
analyses at various levels of detail (e.g. strategic, tactical/operational).
Furthermore, the SPADE
DSS allows decision makers and analysts to evaluate the efficiency of the entire airport complex
simultaneously (including also interaction effects among airport elements). However, the most
important and innovative element of the proposed
modelling approach is the adoption of the ‘use
case’ paradigm as the main building component
of the system implementation structure. The use
case driven implementation approach supports a problem or decision oriented approach that is
capable of addressing airport planning decisions in a user-friendly manner and at a reasonable
effort without requiring prior familiarity of the user with the selected tools (e.g. build
baseline/‘what-if’ scenarios, prepare and exchange data sets, perform trade-off analysis).
The objective of this chapter is twofold:
1. to introduce the structure and constituting elements of the SPADE system; and
2. to demonstrate the decision support capabilities of the system under ‘real-world’ conditions by
means of two manifestations of the system for strategic decision making (Athens International
Airport) and operational/tactical decision making (Amsterdam Airport Schiphol).
The remainder of this chapter consists of four main sections. Section 2.2 provides an overall
description of the high level structure of the SPADE DSS with special emphasis placed on the
use case driven modelling concept. Section 2.3 provides a demonstration of two application
instances of the system for strategic and operational/tactical decision making, respectively.
Section 2.4 presents the concluding remarks and lessons learnt during the system implementation,
whilst reporting some brief results from the evaluation of the system. Finally, the final
sections present the acknowledgements and a list of reference sources
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Metal-Amplified Density Assays, (MADAs), including a Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DeLISA)
No full textThis paper reports the development of Metal-amplified Density Assays, or MADAs – a method of conducting quantitative or multiplexed assays, including immunoassays, by using Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) to measure metal-amplified changes in the density of beads labeled with biomolecules. The binding of target analytes (i.e. proteins, antibodies, antigens) to complementary ligands immobilized on the surface of the beads, followed by a chemical amplification of the binding in a form that results in a change in the density of the beads (achieved by using gold nanoparticle-labeled biomolecules, and electroless deposition of gold or silver), translates analyte binding events into changes in density measureable using MagLev. A minimal model based on diffusion-limited growth of hemispherical nuclei on a surface reproduces the dynamics of the assay. A MADA – when performed with antigens and antibodies – is called a Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, or DeLISA. Two immunoassays provided a proof of principle: a competitive quantification of the concentration of neomycin in whole milk, and a multiplexed detection of antibodies against Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein and syphilis T. pallidum p47 protein in serum. MADAs, including DeLISAs, require, besides the requisite biomolecules and amplification reagents, minimal specialized equipment (two permanent magnets, a ruler or a capillary with calibrated length markings) and no electrical power to obtain a quantitative readout of analyte concentration. With further development, the method may be useful in resource-limited or point-of-care settings.Chemistry and Chemical BiologyAccepted Manuscrip
Stock assessment: squids and cuttlefishes at selected centres
No full textStock assessment studies have been made on the squid Loligo duvaucelii of Madras and Cochin areas, the cuttlefish Sepia aculeata of Madas area and Sepia pharaorUs of Vizhiiyam area. The exploitation rate, total mortality, instantaneous mortality, average annual stock and standing stock have been estimated and discussed. The study shows that in Vizhinjam area there is scope for increasing production in the existing fishing grounds
To Settlement Classes and Beyond: A Primer on Proposed Methods for Federalizing Mass Tort Litigation
No full textEL COMPLEJO CERAMICO VEGA ALTA DEL RIO LOA MEDIO (ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE)
No full textThe author studies the characteristic of an early Ceramic Complex, found in high level vegetation terraces near de Middle River Loa (Antofagasta). He isolates, by methods of ceramic seriation, 16 "pottery types" clustering around three clear cut Periods: Early Vega Alta, Middle Vega Alta and Late Vega Alta. The forms of all ceramic diagnostic types are examined in detail. The relevance of this study roots in the fact that this newly discovered Ceramic Complex represents a significant Period in Chilean Prehistory: the transition from hunting and gathering nomadic Bands, to sedentaria n agricultural Societies.El autor examina las características de un Complejo Cerámico temprano, hallado en sitios de vegetación de la terraza más alta, junto al río Loa medio (Antofagasta). Distingue en él, mediante el método de la seriación cerámica, 16 tipos cerámicos diagnósticos, que agrupa en tres Períodos: Vega Alta Temprano, Vega Alta Medio y Vega Alta Tardío. Se examinan en detalle las formas propias de cada tipo. La importancia del trabajo radica en que este Complejo Cerámico representa un importante período de la Prehistoria de Chile: el momento de transición de las bandas de cazadores-recolecto nómadas, a una sociedad aldeana de carácter sedentario
Optimizing Intermodal Trip Planning Decisions in Interurban Networks
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Influencia de la radiaci\uf3n gamma como m\ue9todo de esterilizaci\uf3n sobre el pol\uedmero poli VPAVG (Valina-Prolina-Alanina-Valina- Glicina)
No full textEl pol\uedmero poli (VPAVG) pertenece a la familia de materiales bioel\ue1sticos derivados de la elastina y ha demostrado poseer cualidades \uf3ptimas para la formaci\uf3n de sistemas de cesi\uf3n controlada, as\ued como una biocompatibilidad aceptable en determinados tejidos. Las formulaciones preparadas a partir del biomaterial deben ser est\ue9riles, si se pretende administrar por una v\ueda que implique ruptura de barreras biol\uf3gicas. Por lo anterior, resulta esencial conocer el comportamiento del pol\uedmero y sus formulaciones frente al proceso de esterilizaci\uf3n empleado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue, por tanto, evaluar la influencia de la radiaci\uf3n gamma como m\ue9todo de esterilizaci\uf3n sobre las ca - racter\uedsticas f\uedsicas del poli (VPAVG) y de las part\uedculas for - madas con \ue9ste. En cuanto al pol\uedmero, no se apreciaron diferencias en su apariencia f\uedsica antes y despu\ue9s de la esterilizaci\uf3n. Sin embargo, las part\uedculas obtenidas a partir del poli (VPAVG) y posteriormente esterilizadas experimentaban cambios en su morfolog\ueda. En cuanto al tama\uf1o de las part\uedculas, se determin\uf3 que las obtenidas con pol\uedmero esterilizado presentaban cierta tendencia a formar agregados de menor tama\uf1o que los encontrados con el pol\uedmero sin esterilizar. Se concluy\uf3 que el biomaterial ensayado y las formulaciones eran susceptibles a las radiaciones gamma como m\ue9todo de esterilizaci\uf3n final, proponi\ue9ndose recurrir a otro tratamiento que garantice su esterilidad final
Mikológiai Közlemények - Clusiana 1963
No full text1. szám
Beköszöntő (Dr. Madas András)
Az OEE-ben megalakuló Mikrológiai Szakosztály jelentősége és feladatai (Mikrológiai Szakosztály Vezetősége)
Sopron és környékének gombaflórája (Dr. Csapody István)
A szárított gomba rovarkártevői (Dr. Gálffy Zoltán)
Eltérő gombapéldányok rendszertani elbírálása (Dr. Kalmár Zoltán)
A lilaspórás Calvatia-fajok rendszertani problémája (Dr. Hanns Kreisel)
A bükkfatapló felhasználása a gyógyászatban és a tűzgyújtásra (Mila Hermann)
Gombaspórák az óceánok légterében (Dr. Bohus Gábor)
Szakosztályi hírek (Schuster Viktor)
Kis közlemények (Szemere László)
Könyvismertetés (Dr. Kárpáti Zoltán)
2. szám
A gombacönológiai kutatás módszertana (Dr. Bohus Gábor és Babos Lórántné)
Methodik der mykozönologischen Forschungen (G. Bohus und M. Babos)
Methodology of coenological research of fungi (G. Bohus und M. Babos)
Szakosztályi hírek
Titkári beszámoló (Schuster Viktor
Bombylius venosus MIKAN 1796
No full textBombylius venosus MİKAN 1796 D i s t r i b u t i o n: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Gruzia, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lebanon, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. M a t e r i a l: Muğla: Reşadiye Yarımadası, 36°45'51" N- 27°45'59" E, 22.04.2001 (Dils J., Faes J.).Published as part of Dils, J. & Özbek, H., 2006, Contribution to the Knowledge of the Bombyliidae of Turkey (Diptera), pp. 455-504 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 38 (1) on pages 467-468, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.543337
Gajah Mada Sang Maha Patih Pemersatu Nusantara di Bawah Majapahit Tahun 1336 M - 1359 M
No full textMajapahit Kingdom is one of the largest Kingdom in the archipelago that has a very wide territory even to Madagascar. The heyday of Majapahit kingdom during the leadership of King Hayam Wuruk, who is the best king to form Majapahit prosper and experience a very glorious period. This can not be separated servis from Mahapatih Gajah Mada who pronounces his famous oath by the name of oath Amukti Palapa. Where the oath of Amukti Palapa reads: Seagrass huwus lost Nusantara isun amukti palapa, seagrass loses ring desert, ring seran, Tanjung Pura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, samana isun amukti palapa. Relying on a good military and political strategy, Mahapatih Gajah Mada is able to apply the Amukti Palapanya oath, making it the most respected Patih in the Majapahit Kingdom as well as in other regions. Until the end of Mahapatih Gajah Madas involvement in Bubat war caused his name to diminish his kharisman in Majapahit environment. Finally Mahapatih Gajah Mada reached Moksa and left the Majapahit Glory.
Keywords: Gajah Mada, Archipelago, Majapahi
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