2,799 research outputs found
Het zwarte gat: Sorptie-onderzoek aan compost-kool mengels
No full textOm te voorkomen dat schadelijke stoffen via stroming of diffusie uit baggerdepots naar het grondwater kunnen lekken bepalen EU-voorschriften dat depots moeten worden voorzien van een immobiliserende laag. Naast afdichtende materialen als folie kunnen ook materialen met een sterk sorptievermogen voor contaminanten toegepast worden, zoals bijvoorbeeld organische stof. Naast effectiviteit zijn de kosten en beschikbaarheid van de gebruikte materialen een belangrijk aspect. Om deze reden werd gedacht aan kompost, eventueel in combinatie met actief kool, als immobiliserende laag in baggerdepots. Dit rapport doet verslag van het onderzoek naar geschiktheid van kompost en kompost gemengd met actief kool als immobiliserende laag voor organische contaminanten. Voor dit sorptieonderzoek zijn modelstoffen zonder en met aromaatkern (z.g. planaire stoffen) geselecteerd omdat aromaatkernen een specifiek sorptiegedrag hebben in relatie tot actief kool. Van de modelstoffen zijn de (experimentele) verdelingscoefficienten (Kd) bepaald en is tevens onderzocht of deze tijdsafhankelijk waren
Baculovirus DNA replication
No full textBaculoviruses are attractive biological agents for the control of insect pests. They are highly specific for insects and cause a fatal disease (Granados and Federici, 1986). in addition, baculoviruses are successfully exploited as expression vectors for the production of heterologous proteins for various applications (Luckow and Summers, 1988; Luckow, 1991). In both cases large-scale systems for the production of baculoviruses are important. Production in insect larvae is difficult to scale up and to control. Insect-cell cultures offer an attractive alternative. Moreover, in the case of pharmaceuticals and diagnostics in human and veterinary medicine insect-cell systems have to be applied since such systems are well defined.Due to the great interest in baculoviruses as biological insecticides and expression vectors for foreign genes, the molecular genetic aspects of especially the Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), the type member of the Baculoviridae, have been studied in much detail (Blissard and Rohrmann, 1990). Chapter 2 of this thesis presents, as of March 1994, an overview of the structural and functional organization of the AcMNPV genome. The genomes of AcMNPV (R.D. Possee, pers. comm.) and Bombyx mori MNPV (BmMNPV) (S. Maeda, pers. comm.) have been completely sequenced but are awaiting publication. In contrast to other large DNA viruses such as adenovirus, herpesviruses, and vacciniavirus (Fields and Knipe, 1990), the process of baculovirus DNA replication of AcMNPV is poorly understood. At the start of this study a few genes were found which were thought to be involved in AcMNPV DNA replication such as a helicase and a DNA polymerase. Sequences representing the origin of AcMNPV DNA replication were not known.Baculoviruses can be produced on a large scale in insect-cell cultures using batch (Maiorella et al., 1988), semicontinuous (Hink and Strauss, 1980) and continuous reactors (Kompier et al., 1988). Continuous production of wild-type (wt) AcMNPV and recombinants thereof was achieved in a system consisting of one bioreactor producing insect cells in series with a second bioreactor for virus infection and protein production (Kompier et al., 1988; Van Lier et al., 1992). After a few weeks of continuous operation, however, the productivity decreased to a low level. In the case of wt AcMNPV, the number of polyhedra per cell, the fraction of cells containing polyhedra, and the concentration of extracellular virus were found to be decreased (Kompier et al., 1988). Continuous production of an AcMNPV recombinant where the polyhedrin gene was replaced by the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli essentially gave the same results (Van Lier et al., 1992). The decrease of virus production was ascribed to a phenomenon known as passage effect (Tramper and Vlak, 1986), but the underlying mechanism remained unknown.Analysis of samples obtained from continuous bioreactor systems (Chapter 3) showed that with ongoing production a mutant AcMNPV became dominant. This mutant lacked about 43% of the original genome. The deleted DNA included the polyhedrin gene and several genes essential for DNA replication. The replication of the mutant appeared to be dependent on the presence of an intact helper AcMNPV. The passage effect in the continuous system is thus thought to be the result of interference between the deletion mutant and helper virus. These so-called defective interfering particles (DIPs) can only accumulate when the concentration of the intact virus is high enough to support the replication of these DIPs. Thus, for a successful continuous production of baculoviruses low multiplicities of infection should be used to avoid the accumulation of DIPs.One of the regions of the AcMNPV genome putatively involved in the generation of the DIPs is located in the EcoRI-C fragment of AcMNPV. Deletion mutants often lacked a considerable portion of Eco RI-C, but also maintained a consistent segment of this fragment that may be essential for replication and/or encapsidation. To investigate the genetic functions of the EcoRI-C fragment in the defective genomes and their possible role in the generation of these genomes, the nucleotide sequence of a 7.3 kilobase pair region of the right part of the Eco RI-C fragment was determined (Chapter 4). Eight putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified and their respective amino acid sequences compared with a number of data libraries, The product of ORF 1227 corresponded with GP41, a virion protein, and its predicted protein sequence was found to be 55 amino acids longer at its C-terminus than reported previously (Whitford and Faulkner, 1992). The majority of ORF 1227, including the additional 55 amino acids, moreover, showed a high degree of homology with protein P40 of Helicoverpa zea SNPV, also a structural virion protein (Ma et al., 1993). Three other ORFs in the analyzed AcMNPV region showed homology with ORF's in the HzSNPV sequence, indicating that the general organization of this region is similar in both viruses, and possibly between MNPVs and SNPVs. However, no sequences have yet been identified within this region that may play a role in the generation and/or encapsidation of the DIPs.The generation and characterization of DIPs was further investigated in Chapter 5. Three small separate regions, representing only 5 % of the original AcMNPV genome, were found to be retained in DNA of defective genomes after 40 serial passages in insect cells with undiluted inocula. Independently, Lee and Krell (1992) showed that after 80 serial passages of AcMNPV, DIPs were found which contained tandem repeats of DNA, mainly derived from a small region of the AcMNPV genome, located in the Hin dIII-K fragment. Since all these defective genomes were still able to replicate in insect cells, although only with the help of intact virus, they must have retained essential cis-acting elements necessary for DNA replication. Therefore, a replication assay was developed to study whether these regions, retained in the defective genomes, contained cis -acting elements such as an origin ( ori ) of DNA replication. Transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells with plasmids containing these sequences followed by superinfection with intact helper AcMNPV resulted in amplification of these plasmids, as demonstrated by the Dpn I sensitivity assay. In order to demonstrate replicating activity of these plasmids, it appeared essential to transfect the cells well (24 h) before superinfection with helper virus, and for an optimal replication result the multiplicity used for superinfection had to be I or lower (Chapters 5 and 6). Using this assay seven putative origins of DNA replication were identified in the AcMNPV genome (Chapters 5, 6, and 7).Six of the seven putative ori's were found in the homologous regions hr 1, hr 2, hr 3, hr 4a, hr 4b, and hr 5 of AcMNPV (Chapter 6), which are interspersed along the genome (Cochran and Faulkner, 1983; Guarino et al., 1986). Recently, another hr region, hr 1a, has been identified in the AcMNPV genome, that could also serve as ori in a replication assay (Leisy and Rohrmann, 1993). Initial studies demonstrated that the hr regions function as enhancers for transcription, when placed in cis to the promoter of early baculovirus genes (Guarino etal., 1986; Guarino and Summers, 1986). Rodems and Friesen (1993) demonstrated that hr regions also function as enhancers in vivo . These results together with the data of this thesis imply that all hr's in AcMNPV may be bifunctional in vivo , i.e. have both enhancer and ori activity. Sequence analysis has shown that hr's contain two to eight 30 bp imperfect palindromes, interspaced by other repeated sequences, and that each palindrome contains a naturally occurring Eco RI site at its core (Guarino et al., 1986; Guarino and Summers, 1986). One copy of such a palindrome appeared to be sufficient for either enhancer function or ori activity (Guarino et al., 1986; Pearson et al. , 1992).In addition to the seven hr's, the Hin dIII-K fragment of AcMNPV was also found to carry a putative ori , although this fragment does not contain an hr region (Chapter 6). The Hin dIII-K ori had a complex structure (Chapter 7), resembling those of other large DNA viruses. This ori contained several regions, some of which were found to be essential for its activity, whereas others contain auxiliary sequences, that enhance ori activity. Sequence analysis of these regions identified several structures often found in other viral replication ori's , such as palindromes and other repeated motifs (DePamphilis, 1993). Recently an ori , also with a complex structure, but different from AcMNPV hr's, has been identified in another baculovirus, Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV) (Pearson et al., 1993).The individual role of all these ori's during viral DNA replication, and whether they are all active simultaneously in vivo , is unclear. Deletion of hr 5 from the AcMNPV genome or the closely related Bombyx mori MNPV (BmMNPV) genome had no effect on the replication of these viruses (Rodems and Friesen, 1993; Majima et al., 1993) . Also from the experiments with DIPs generated by serial passaging it can be deduced that not all the ori's are necessary for replication of the genome. After 40 serial, undiluted passages three small segments of the genome were predominantly found to be retained, harbouring only the hr 1, hr 3, and hr 5 regions (Chapter 5). Deletion of all hr's would indicate the importance of these regions for virus replication in vivo.The importance of the ori in the Hin dIII-K fragment is supported by sequence data of the corresponding region in the closely related BmMNPV (Kamita et al., 1993). Although most of the auxiliary sequences of this ori were found to be deleted in the BmMNPV genome, the essential part of this ori , containing the palindromes and the A/T rich region, was retained suggesting that these elements could not be deleted. These sequence data and the observation that after prolonged serial passage of AcMNPV (80 passages) large replicating DNA molecules are found in which repeated sequences from the Hin dIII-K fragment accumulate (Lee and Krell, 1992), may be a reflection of the importance of this region as genuine oriin vivo (Chapter 7).The occurrence of multiple ori's is not unique for baculoviruses, but has also been reported for herpesviruses and Chilo iridescent virus (CIV). The genome of herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) contains three ori's , oriL , and two copies of ori , (for review, see Fields and Knipe, 1990) and it has been shown that the presence of a single ori , independent which one, is sufficient for replication (Longnecker and Roizman, 1986; Polvino-Bodnar et al. , 1987; Igarashi et al. , 1993). In CIV at least six putative ori's have been identified (Handermann et al. , 1992). It remains to be seen whether in the case of baculoviruses each of the eight putative ori's is necessary for viral replication. When the ori's are indeed functionally redundant, the presence of multiple ori's in the viral genome may increase the frequency of initiation and thus increase the speed of DNA replication. Analysis of intermediates of DNA replication may shed more light on the nature of in vivo ori's .The experiments in Chapter 6 also supported the view that a circular topology is a prerequisite for replication of ori -containing plasmids. Linear DNA, even if it contained an ori , did not replicate. These results are in line with the circular nature of baculovirus DNA and suggest a model for baculovirus replication involving a theta structure or a rolling circle. The latter model is supported by data of Leisy and Rohrmann (1993), who demonstrated that replicating plasmids form large concatemeric molecules. In addition, the finding of defective genomes with many reiterations (concatemers) of a 2.8 kbp segment, mainly mapping in the AcMNPV Hin dIII-K fragment (Lee and Krell, 1992), supported also a rolling circle as model for DNA replication.Not only cis -acting elements, but also trans -acting factors are important for DNA replication. Chapters 8 and 9 describe the functional mapping of AcMNPV genes required for DNA replication. A transient complementation assay was employed, in which, instead of AcMNPV infection, four co-transfected cosmid clones, encompassing almost the entire genome, provided all the essential trans -acting factors for plasmid DNA replication. No replication of plasmids occurred when one of the cosmids was omitted from the transfection mixture. This result indicated that this assay was a valid and powerful approach to identify the AcMNPV replication genes. The assay was first used to define essential regions in the four cosmids (Chapter 8). Six essential regions were retrieved and these were further subcloned and tested (Chapter 9). Initially in this assay, plasmid replication appeared to be independent of the presence, in cis , of a viral ori , when cloned genes or viral DNA were used instead of complete virus to supply essential trans -acting factors (Chapter 8). However, this was caused by employing high gene copy numbers in the transfections (Chapter 9). As a consequence, a relative abundance of proteins is produced, which may lead to a saturation of specific origins with these proteins. The excess of proteins thus can bind to other originlike structures, even when the affinities are low, and hence cause replication of any plasmid.Nine genes involved in DNA replication were identified in the AcMNPV genome (Chapter 9). Six genes, specifying helicase, dna pol, ie-1, lef-1, lef-2, and lef-3 , were found to be essential, while three genes, p35, ie-2 , and pe38 , stimulated DNA replication. No stimulation was observed by the pcna -like protein gene. Two of the three identified stimulatory genes, ie-2 and pe38 , are known as transactivators for transcription (Carson et al. , 1988; Lu and Carstens, 1993), whereas the third stimulating gene, p35 , has previously been identified as inhibitor of virus-induced apoptosis in S. frugiperda cells (Clem et al. , 1991). However, the observation that infection with a p35 deletion mutant in Trichoplusia ni cells did not result in a reduction of virus production (Clem et al. , 1991) suggests that the stimulating effect of p35 in the transient replication assays is not based on activation of the replication process, but is due to inhibiting apoptosis, which may be induced by the expression of one or more of the replication genes.Of the six essential AcMNPV DNA replication proteins, putative functions could only be attributed for the helicase and DNA polymerase, based on their homology with other known helicases and DNA polymerases (Lu and Carstens, 1991; Tomalski et al. , 1988). Studying other viral systems, a number of striking similarities was noticed between Baculoviridae and Herpesviridae . Although these two viral families have traditionally been separated based on their different morphology and host specificity, they both have a large double stranded DNA genome, which replicates in the host cell nucleus, and has a circular form in at least one stage of their replication cycle. Their genomes may also replicate in a similar manner as transfection of origin-containing plasmids into infected cells resulted in large concatemers of input plasmid DNA (Leisy and Rohrmann, 1993; Hammerschmidt and Mankertz, 1991). Most strikingly, the number of essential replication genes is similar for both baculoviruses and herpesviruses. An attempt was made to relate the other four, hitherto unassigned, baculovirus replication proteins, IE-1, LEF-1, LEF-2, and LEF-3 with proteins involved in herpesvirus DNA replication (Chapter 10).Firstly, the sequences of replication proteins of five different herpesviruses were aligned, which resulted in the identification of a number of conserved motifs in these proteins. Many of these conserved motifs showed (distant) homology with the four baculovirus replication proteins and, most importantly, in the same linear spatial organization as in their putative herpesvirus homologues. Using these conserved motifs as markers the four replication proteins IE-1, LEF-1, LEF- 2, and LEF-3 of AcMNPV were aligned with herpesvirus homologues (Chapter 10). These alignments suggest that ie-1 codes for a single stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), lef-1 for a primase-associated protein, lef-2 for a DNA polymerase processivity factor, and lef-3 for a primase. The assignment to ie-1 to code for a SSB was further supported by the finding of a conserved known single stranded DNA binding sequence motif in six baculovirus IE-1, proteins, which is also found in many other prokaryotic and eukaryotic SSBs (Chapter 10). Further computer-assisted examination and biochemical analysis has to be done to confirm the suggested functions for the four baculovirus replication proteins.The similarity between Baculoviridae and Herpesviridae in DNA structure and mechanism of DNA replication, added to the employment of an identical kind and amount of essential replication genes, poses the question whether these two groups of viruses share a common lineage. On the basis of the mutation rate of the conserved baculovirus polyhedrin genes as compared to the insect species in which they occur (Vlak and Rohrmann, 1985) it has been postulated that baculoviruses are ancient viruses that have evolved along with the insects. The relationship among replication genes could imply that herpesviruses have evolved from baculoviruses along with their invertebrate hosts towards vertebrates. Alternatively, the emergence of herpesviruses may be the result of an independent, parallel evolutionary event in ancient vertebrates. Since viral DNA replication in nuclear environments is a conserved process, conserved host replication genes may have been. independently transduced into different ancient viral genomes
High-resolution screening of metabolite-like lead libraries
No full textIrth, H. [Promotor]Niessen, W.M.A. [Promotor]Honing, M. [Promotor]Kool, J. [Copromotor
Reticunassa goliath Galindo & Kool & Dekker 2017, sp. nov.
No full textReticunassa goliath sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5C34E90F-3AD2-42ED-B7A6-582525AD11DB Fig. 8 E–H, 10; Table 2 Etymology This species is named after the biblical Goliath, the giant who fought against David. This name is chosen because Reticunassa goliath sp. nov. is to date the largest known species in the genus Reticunassa. Type material Holotype NEW CALEDONIA: Nouméa, in sandy areas within coral reef, snorkeling at night, leg. D. Massemin (MNHN IM-2000-22724, ex coll. H. Kool, length 15.4 mm, width 7.9 mm). Paratypes NEW CALEDONIA: PLOUVEAL, stn 1221, Lagon d’Ouvéa, 20°29′ S, 166°31′ E, 10 m (MNHN IM- 2000-22725, MNHN IM-2000-22723, MNHN IM-2000-28394, 3 spm; ZMA.Moll.4.09.050, 1 spm; GH, 1 spm; HD 24143, 2 spm; HK 997.01, 3 spm; HUJ, 1 spm); PLOUVEAL, stn 1227, 12°37′ S, 166°25′ E, 12 m (HD 35304, 2 spm; HK 997.05, 2 spm); Nouméa, sand between coral reefs, snorkeled at night (HK 997.07, 1 spm); Nouméa, Nouville Beach, brown sand, 10 m (HK 997.08, 1 spm); New Caledonia, 5–10 m (HD 26939, 1 spm). Other material examined INDONESIA: West Papua, Manokwari, leg. D. Smits (HK 997.03, 2 spm). AUSTRALIA: North Queensland, Bowen, Grey’s Bay, ex coll. Hessel (ZMA, 4 spm; HK 997.06, 1 spm). VANUATA: SANTO 2006, stn FB52, Malokilikili, 15°42.7′ S, 167°15.1′ E, 7 m (1 spm). NEW CALEDONIA: LAGON: stn 161, Ile Ouen-Baie du Prony, 22°34′ S, 166°38′ E, 20 m (1 spm); stn 943, Koumac, 20°37′ S, 164°11′ E, 15 m (1 spm). – PLOUVEAL, Lagon d’Ouvéa: stn 1218, 20°36′ S, 166°30′ E, 13 m (8 spm); stn 1219, 20°30′ S, 166°28′ E, 15 m (26 spm); stn 1220, 20°29′ S, 166°29′ E, 14 m (4 spm); stn 1221, 20°29′ S, 166°31′ E, 10 m (69 spm); stn 1222, 20°28′ S, 166°30′ E, 15 m (13 spm); stn 1223, 20°28′ S, 166°28′ E, 19 m (1 spm); stn 1224, 20°32′ S, 166°28′ E, 18 m (25 spm); stn 1225, 20°36′ S, 166°28′ E, 18 m (6 spm); stn 1226, 20°32′ S, 166°24′ E, 21 m (5 spm); stn 1227, 12°37′ S, 166°25′ E, 12 m (29 spm); stn 1228, 20°36′ S, 166°24′ E, 18 m (8 spm); stn 1229, 20°37′ S, 166°23′ E, 16 m (19 spm); stn 1230, 20°35′ S, 166°23′ E, 18 m (22 spm); stn 1231, 20°31′ S, 166°23′ E, 23 m, 6 spm); stn 1232, 20°32′ S, 166°24′ E, 31 m (7 spm); stn 1233, 20°29.1′ S, 166°29.0′ E, 15 m (1 spm). – MONTROUZIER 1993: Koumac, stn 1271, 20°52.7′ S, 165°19.5′ E, 5–25 m (3 spm); Koumac, stn 1286, Plateau Karembé, 20°38′– 20°39′ S, 164°16′– 164°17′ E (3 spm); Koumac, stn 1287, Récif de l’Infernet, 20°37′ S, 164°14′ E (2 spm); Koumac, stn 1301, Récif de l’Infernet, 20°37.1′– 20°37.5′ S, 164°14.7′– 164°15′ E, 1–5 m (3 spm); Koumac, stn 1303, Lagon, parages du Plateau Karembé, 20°37.7′– 20°38.8′ S, 164°15.9′– 164°17.1′ E, 0–8 m (2 spm); Koumac, stn 1304, Chenal de l’Infernet, 20°38.6′ S, 164°13.2′ E, 12–15 m (2 spm); Koumac, stn 1306, Chenal de l’Infernet, 20°39.1′ S, 164°12.4′ E, 11–13 m (1 spm); Koumac, stn 1312, 20°40′ S, 164°14.9′ E, 26–40 m (1 spm); Touho, stn 1245, Grand Récif Mengalia, 20°45.2′ S, 165°16.3′ E (4 spm); Touho, stn 1273, Touho region, outer reef, 20°50.4′ S, 165°22.8′ E, 20 m (2 spm). – PALEO-SURPRISE 1999, stn CP 1388, 18°23.8′ S, 163°06.9′ E, 40 m (2 spm). LOYALTY ISLANDS:LIFOU 2000, stn 1419,Lifou, Santal Bay, Bay of Gaatcha, 20°55.6′ S, 167°04.5′E, 5 m (8 spm; HK 997.02, 1 spm); LIFOU 2000, stn 1426, Lifou, Santal Bay, 20°45.9′ S, 167°06.2′ E, 4–7 m (2 spm); Lifou, leg. J.R. le B. Tomlin (ZMA.Moll.096228, ex coll. Schepman, 6 spm); Lifou, leg. R.P. Goubin (ZMA.Moll.089599, ex coll. Dautzenberg, 3 spm); Lifou (HUJ 9055, ex coll. Dautzenberg, ex coll. Coen 7553, 3 spm). Description Holotype PROTOCONCH. Paucispiral, pointed, 1.75 milky whorls, beset with rows of microscopic pustules. Protoconch missing in holotype, seen in paratype (Fig. 8H). SHELL. Rather heavy, conical, acuminate, teleoconch consisting of 7 whorls, suture impressed. On penultimate 13 and on body whorl 12 well pronounced, equidistant axial ribs and strong varix. Ribs equally strong on dorsal and ventral side of body whorl. SPIRAL CORDS. Continuous, moderately broad on top of axial ribs, but between ribs narrower and weak, approximately 6 cords on penultimate and 10 on body whorl. INTERCORDAL SCULPTURE. Numerous very fine, evenly spaced spiral striae, occasionally also on top of spiral cords. APERTURE. Round, proportionally small, approximately 1/5 of shell length. Outer lip with 7 unequal denticles. Columella callused, somewhat elevated anteriorly and with evenly spaced lirae throughout. Callus sharply bordered, bending over part of fasciole and somewhat extending over body whorl posteriorly. Inside outer lip with 8 lirae and pronounced tooth at siphonal canal. Elevated part of callus with fine growth lines on left (out)side. Parietal denticle strong, anal canal deep. OPERCULUM. Yellowish, serrated. SIPHONAL CANAL. Narrow, fasciole strong. Siphonal area with one strong and some weak cords. COLOR. Off white to yellow, narrow band just above suture and broader band below periphery; columella and outer lip white, aperture yellowish. ADULT SIZE. 8.2–16.5 mm, usually 13–15 mm. Remarks Color and banding pattern variable; some specimens have light to dark brown bands and others lack banding. In banded specimens, one band occurs on the body whorl, with an additional band on the sutural area. In some specimens, the spiral cords may be colored orange/brown, but only between the axial ribs. Aperture white, inside faintly showing the outside bands if present. Reticunassa visayaensis sp. nov. and R. poppeorum sp. nov. have a multispiral protoconch, whereas the protoconch of R. goliath sp. nov. is paucispiral. The strong columellar callus, together with the thickening of the inside of the outer lip and the strong varix, gives the aperture a round, “open mouth” appearance, whereas the other species in this group have a more oval-shaped aperture. R. goliath sp. nov. and R. tringa both have a paucispiral protoconch, but the former has a considerably heavier and larger shell. It is similar to R. tringa, R. visayaensis sp. nov. and R. poppeorum sp. nov. in having weak spiral cords. R. goliath sp. nov. differs from R. paupera in weight, in its larger size, in the number of whorls, and in the size of the aperture relative to the total shell length. Habitat Sublittoral to 0–40 m, frequently between 10 and 20 m. Distribution Western Pacific; Indonesia (Papua), Australia (Queensland), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands (Fig. 10).Published as part of Galindo, Lee Ann, Kool, Hugo H. & Dekker, Henk, 2017, Review of the Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) complex (Nassariidae): Part 3, reinstatement of the genus Reticunassa, with the description of six new species, pp. 1-43 in European Journal of Taxonomy 275 on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.275, http://zenodo.org/record/382454
Reticunassa visayaensis Galindo & Kool & Dekker 2017, sp. nov.
No full textReticunassa visayaensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 742DB3E4-4D0F-40DD-985C-948F113C4C65 Fig. 3 J–M, 6; Tables 1–2 Nassarius mamillatus – Martin 2008: 122, pl. 356, fig. 3 (non Preston). Nassarius pauperus – Martin 2008: 126, pl. 358, figs 1–4 (non Gould). Nassarius fuscolineatus – Martin 2008: 126, pl. 358, fig. 6 (non Smith). Etymology The name refers to the Visayas, a group of central Philippine Islands where this species is common. Type material Holotype PHILIPPINES: lv, Panglao Island, 9°35.7′ N, 123°44.7′ E, 0–3 m, seagrass and hard bottom, length 9.5 mm, width 4.6 mm, sequenced (MNHN IM-2007-31912). Paratypes PHILIPPINES: Panglao Island, Momo Beach, 9°36.1′ N, 123°45.2′ E, 0–3 m (MNHN IM-2000- 28395, 9.2 mm; MNHN IM-2000 28405; MNHN IM-2000-28404, 3 spm); Panglao I. area (HD 24336, 60 spm; HK 184.13, 2 spm). Other material examined PHILIPPINES: PANGLAO 2004: Panglao I., stn B8, Napaling, 9°37.1′ N, 123°46.1′ E, 3 m (2 spm); Panglao I., stn M1, Alona Beach, 9°32.9′ N, 123°50.5′ E, 5m (2 spm); Panglao I., stn M5, Doljo Point, 9°35.5′ N, 123°43.3′/ 123°44.3′ E, 0–2 m (1 spm); Panglao I., stn M7, Momo Beach, 9°36.1′ N, 123°45.2′ E, 0–3 m (2 spm); Panglao I., stn M9, near Doljo Point, 9°35.1′ N, 123°43.6′ E, 0.5 m (1 spm); Panglao I., stn M10, Bingag/Tabalong, 9°37.8′ N, 123°48.4′ E, 0–3 m (1 spm); Panglao I., stn M22, Napaling, 9°37.2′ N, 123°46.4′ E, 0–3 m (1 spm); Panglao I., stn M40, Looc, 9°35.7′ N, 123°44.7′ E, 0–3 m (1 spm); Panglao I., stn R19, Napaling, 9°37.1′ N, 123°46.1′ E, 2–54 m (2 spm); Panglao I., stn S24, Momo Beach, 9°36.1′ N, 123°45.0′ E, 2–4 m (1 spm); Pamilacan I., stn S42, 9°30.1′ N, 123°55.5′ E, 15–20 m (1 spm). – Cebu, leg. R. Martin (ZMA.Moll.175495, 10 spm); Cebu (HK 184.09, 1 spm; ZMA Moll. 080981, 1 spm); Cebu, Liloan, 50–150 m, 2013 (HD 35803, 1 spm); Mactan I., Maribago, Buyon, in sandy tide pools, leg. O.K. McCausland (HK 184.07, 1 spm); Punta Engaño, in tangle nets, 150 m (HK 184.05, 3 spm); Punta Engaño, in coral rubble, 20 m (HK 184.14, 3 spm); Punta Engaño (HD 11610, 8 spm); Punta Engaño, 80–100 m (HD 17300, 3 spm); Mactan I., Punta Engaño, 25–50 m (HD 33879, 1 spm); Punta Engaño, leg. S.P. Kool, 2005 (HK 184.11, 1 spm); Punta Engaño, 1–2 m, live (HK 184.12, 2 spm); Punta Engaño, 25–30 m, 2009 (AMD, 2 spm); Punta Engaño, 100–150 m, 2009 (AMD, 2 spm); Balicasag I. (HD 15930, 2 spm); Olango I., night dive, 20–25 m (HD 17292, 3 spm); Olango I., 2014 (HD 35872, 4 spm); Olango I., 20–25 m, 2009 (AMD, 2 spm); Cuyo I., 15–20 m (HD 35488); Calituban I., 10 m (HK 184.01, 6 spm); SW side of Catanduanes, San Rafael, leg. S.P. Kool, 2005 (HK 184.10, 1 spm); Aliguay I., tangle nets, 150–180 m (HK 184.08, 2 spm); Palawan, 10–25 m, 2009 (AMD, 2 spm). INDONESIA: SNELLIUS 1929: Ternate I., 1–2 Apr. 1930 (RMNH, 1 spm); Tidore I., 24–29 Nov. 1929 (RMNH, 1 spm). – RUMPHIUS 1990: Ambon, stn 05 Leitimur, Ambon Bay, outer bay, Tg. Benteng (RMNH, 2 spm); Ambon, stn 17, SE side of Pombo I. (RMNH, 2 spm); Ambon, stn 20 Hitu, N coast, Hitulama (RMNH, 1 spm); Ambon, stn 21 Hitu, N coast, Mamala (RMNH, 2 spm); Ambon, stn 23 Hitu, Kaitetu (near Hila), 22–23 Nov. 1990 (RMNH, 1 spm); Ambon, stn 26 Hitu, 4 km W of Kaitetu, 23 Nov. 1990 (RMNH, 3 spm); Ambon, stn 27 Leitimur, S coast, Hutumuri (RMNH, 1 spm); Ambon, stn 34 Hitu, Ruhmatiga 3–5 Dec. 1990 (RMNH, 4 spm; HK 184.03, 1 spm). – LAGON, stn Seith, Karubar, Amboine, low tide (1 spm); South Moluccas, leg. Rijkschroeff (ZMA.Moll.096203, ex coll. Butot 12403, 7 spm); South Moluccas, leg. Rijkschroeff (ZMA.Moll.096204, ex coll. Butot 12404, 5 spm); Ceram, N coast, Seleman Bay, leg. H. Strack (HK 184.04, 1 spm); Sulawesi, Lintido, leg. Semmelink (ZMA.Moll.096205, ex coll. Schepman, 1 spm); Bali, Sanur, leg. K. van Duin, 1989 (ZMA. Moll.099329, 1 spm); Bali, Kaliyasem, Lovina area, 8°09.7′ S, 115°01.7′ E, 1–2 m (HK 184.16, 3 spm); Flores, Labuan Bajo, Binongko Beach, leg. J.N.J. Post (HK 184.15, 1 spm); West Papua, Manokwari, near Uriami River, leg. D. Smits 1958/1961 (HK 184. 02, 11 spm; HD 38514, 11 spm). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: PAPUA NIUGINI: stn PM22, Sek I., 05°04.7′ S, 145°48.9′ E, 0–1 m (MNHN IM-2013-13184; MNHN IM-2013-13192, 2 lv); stn PM19, Islet SE of Megas Islet, 05°05.4′ S, 145°48.6′ E, 0–1 m (2 spm); stn PB23, Lauhamug I., outer slope, 04°59.5′ S, 145°47.7′ E, 13 m (1 spm); stn DP31, Alexishafen, 05°05.3′ S, 145°48.1′ E, 1–6 m (4 spm); stn PM38, Biliau I., 05°11.8′ S, 145°48.2′ E (1 spm); stn PD78, Tabad I., 05°08.2′ S, 145°48.7′ E, 5 m (1 spm); stn PR202, S of Tab I., 05°10.3′ S, 145°50.3′ E, 2–4 m (2 spm). Description Holotype PROTOCONCH. Smooth, multispiral, whitish-yellowish, consisting of 2.5 whorls. Beset with rows of minute pustules (Fig. 3M). SHELL. Elongate-ovate, 5.5 postnuclear whorls, suture impressed. Penultimate whorl with 15 nearly equally pronounced, round ribs; body whorl with 14 ribs, decreasing in height or disappearing on ventral side. Varix broad and strong. SPIRAL CORDS. Continuous, flat and narrow, 7 cords on penultimate, and 11 on body whorl, peripheral one somewhat darker. INTERCORDAL SCULPTURE. Approximately 6 very fine, evenly spaced striae between spiral cords. APERTURE. Oval, inside outer lip with 9 lirate denticles, peripheral denticle slightly more pronounced. Parietal denticle moderate, anal canal wide. Columellar callus wide, anteriorly somewhat elevated, posteriorly partly extending over whorl; well delineated border. Fine lirae over entire surface. OPERCULUM. Yellowish, serrated. SIPHONAL CANAL. Fasciole strong, siphonal area with 1 strong and 5 weak cords. COLOR. Yellowish, most spiral cords reddish between ribs. ADULT SIZE. 8.5–12.7 mm, usually 8.5–10.5 mm. Remarks The intraspecific variability is considerable. The number of ribs and spiral cords may vary, and the color is extremely variable, white to yellow and orange to brown, unicolor or with narrow or broad yellow, brown, dark brown, or grey bands on all whorls or only on the body whorl. Reticunassa visayaensis sp. nov. has a broader, less pointed protoconch than R. paupera (Gould, 1850). R. visayaensis sp. nov. also differs from R. paupera by its larger size, its more bulbous shape and its lower ribs, especially on the body whorl, and by usually displaying dark bands. R. visayaensis sp. nov. is very similar to R. tringa. When the protoconch is missing, a positive identification is almost impossible. The protoconch of R. tringa is paucispiral with 1.5–1.75 whorls, whereas R. visayaensis sp. nov. has a protoconch of 2.25–2.5 whorls. The protoconch of R. tringa is nipple-shaped, hence the name “ mamillata ” (Preston 1907); the protoconch of R. visayaensis sp. nov. is dome-shaped. Preston’s description is accompanied by a drawing of the paucispiral protoconch. R. visayaensis sp. nov. is the Reticunassa species most commonly offered in the shell trade from the central Philippines, as well as R. crenulicostata (Shuto, 1969). The latter is smaller (5–7 mm) and has a large multispiral protoconch of 3.5 whorls (Cernohorsky 1984: pl. 38, figs 1–2; Martin 2008: pl. 354, figs 4–5). These features are the most distinguishing differences between R. crenulicostata and R. visayaensis sp. nov. Reticunassa tringa has a paucispiral protoconch. Identification based on geographical distribution alone (Fig. 6) may be possible in specimens lacking a protoconch or welldefined teleoconch sculpture. Habitat Intertidal to 150 m, commonly from 0 to 20 m. Distribution Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea (Fig. 6).Published as part of Galindo, Lee Ann, Kool, Hugo H. & Dekker, Henk, 2017, Review of the Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) complex (Nassariidae): Part 3, reinstatement of the genus Reticunassa, with the description of six new species, pp. 1-43 in European Journal of Taxonomy 275 on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.275, http://zenodo.org/record/382454
Properties of perovskites and other oxides
No full textIn this book some 50 papers published by K A Muller as author or co-author over several decades, amplified by more recent work mainly by T W Kool with collaborators, are reproduced. The main subject is Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) applied to the study of perovskites and other oxides with related subjects. This wealth of papers is organized into eleven chapters, each with an introductory text written in the light of current understanding. The contributions of the first author on structural phase transitions have been immense, and because K A Muller and J C Fayet have published a revie
Innovative analytical methodologies for bioactivity/bioaffinity profiling of complex mixtures
No full textNiessen, W.M.A. [Promotor]Smit, M.J. [Promotor]Somsen, G.W. [Promotor]Kool, J. [Copromotor
Reticunassa poppeorum Galindo & Kool & Dekker 2017, sp. nov.
No full textReticunassa poppeorum sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21521D97-7E7D-4627-A806-43AF0E2AE7EA Fig. 3 N–Q, 7; Tables 1–2 Etymology The name is given to honor Guido T. and Philippe Poppe for their many valuable contributions to the knowledge of and myriad publications on molluscs, including four volumes on Philippine marine molluscs and the magazine “Visaya.” Type material Holotype VANUATU: SANTO 2006, stn FB61, Aore Island, Port Benier, 15°34.4′ S, 167°12.6′ E, 2–3 m, in fine coral sand (MNHN IM-2007-31779, lv, length 9.0 mm, width 4.5 mm). Paratypes VANUATU: SANTO 2006, stn DR03, Segond Channel, 15°31.0′ S, 167°15.8′ E, 2–30 m, reef slope, fine rubble with Halimeda (MNHN IM-2007-32742, 1 lv); Éfate, snorkeling, 2–3 m, leg. T. McCleery, 2002 (HD 35802, 1 spm); Tutuba I., 15°32.3′ S, 167°16.9′ E, 13 m (HK 137.23, 1 spm). PHILIPPINES: PANGLAO 2004, stn S2, Bohol I., Baclayon, 9°37.4′ N, 123°54.5′ E, 4–5 m (MNHN IM-2007-31938, MNHN IM-2007-31937, 2 lv; HK 137.21, 2 spm); stn S15, Cortes Takot, 9°41.3′ N, 123°49.5′ E, 4–6 m (MNHN IM-2000-22721, 1 lv; HK 137.01, 3 spm; HD 24148, 2 spm). Other material examined MALAYSIA: Sarawak, South China Sea, Muri I., off NW coast, 01°54′13″ N, 108°38′49.4″ E, 10–30 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); Sarawak, Miri, outer reef off Tanjung Lobang (JGMR, 1 spm); Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Tanjung Aru (JGMR, 1 spm). PHILIPPINES: PANGLAO 2004, stn S2, Bohol I., Baclayon, 9°37.4′ N, 123°54.5′ E, 4–5 m (41 spm); stn S15, Bohol I., Cortes Takot, 9°41.3′ N, 123°49.5′ E, 4–6 m (15 spm; ZMA.Moll.4.09.449, 1 spm); stn S1, Panglao I., Biking, 9°35.6′ N, 123°50.5′ E, 5m (2 spm); stn B5, Panglao I., Biking, 9°35.2′ N, 123°50.4′ E, 4 m (2 spm); stn B8, Panglao I., Napaling, 9°37.1′ N, 123°46.1′ E, 3 m (3 spm); stn S5, Panglao I., Napaling, 9°37.1′ N, 123°46.1′ E, 2–4 m (10 spm); stn S7, Panglao I., Sungcolan Bay, 9°38.5′ N, 123°49.9′ E, 1–4 m (2 spm); stn S17, Panglao I., San Isidro, 9°34.6′ N, 123°49.9′ E, 6 m (1 spm); stn S24, Panglao I., Momo Beach, 9°36.1′ N, 123°45.0′ E, 2–4 m (1 spm); stn S32, Panglao I., Looc, 9°35.8′ N, 123°44.6′ E, 2–3 m (12 spm); Pamilacan I., stn B11, 9°29.4′ N, 123°56.0′ E, 2–4 m (1 spm); Pamilacan I., stn B24, 929.4′ N, 123°56.0′ E, 38 m (2 spm); Pamilacan I., stn S10, 9°29.4′ N, 123°56.0′ E, 6–14 m (2 spm); Pamilacan I., stn S14, 9°29.3′ N, 123°55.1′ E, 5–12m (1 spm). – Cebu, leg. R. Martin (ZMA.Moll.175495, 2 spm); Cebu, by lumen lumen, 50–150 m (HK 137.19, 2 spm); Panglao I. area (HD 14809, 15 spm; HK 137.14, 1 spm); Siquijor I., tangle nets, 100 m (HD 17294, 1 spm); Balicasag I. (MUZEE, 2 spm); Mactan I., 10–30 m, 2012 (HD 28994, 7 spm); Mactan I., 20 m, 2014 (HD 35816, 1 spm); Olango I., 2014 (HD 35873, 1 spm); Camotes I., Santiago, 15 m, 2007 (HD 21366, 1 spm); Palawan I., 10–15 m, 2009 (HD 33880, 2 spm). INDONESIA: Kalimantan, Berau Is, 02°12′16.3″ N, 118°35′18.9″ E, 10–25 m (ZMA.Moll.175383, 1 spm); RUMPHIUS 1990, Ambon, stn 39 Hitu, W coast, S side of Larike (RMNH, 1 spm); Nusa Tenggara, Alor Strait, SE bay of Pantar I., 9–25 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); Banda Sea, Wakatobi Group, E side of Moromaho I., 06°08′59″ S, 124°35′11″ E, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 6 spm); Flores Sea, S of Buton, 7–40 m, leg. H. Morrison (HK 137.08, 2 spm); N coast of Nusa Penida, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); NW side of Sulawesi, Makassar Strait, Tambu Bay, sand and rubble slope, 10–40 m, among gorgonian corals, 00°01′07″ S, 119°43′77″ E (GH, 6 spm); Karang Kapota Atoll, SE of Buton I., 5°27′73″ S, 123°24′10″ E, on ledges of wall, 10–40 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); Berau I., W side of Maratua I., 02°12′16.3″ N, 118°35′18.9″ E, 10–25 m (ZMA.Moll.175383, 1 spm); near Kalimantan, Pejantan I., 0°30′48.8″ N, 107°13′24″ E, 10–20 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); sand, near wreck of Japanese fighter, 0°45′16″ N, 105°36′11″ E, 45 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 2 spm); near wreck, Acasta Rock, 01°39′12″ N, 106°18′26″ E, 9–50 m (GH, 1 spm); sand, near wreck, 0°45′15″ N, 105°36′11″ E, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 2 spm); Badas I. Group, 0°33′8.9″ N, 106°58′47.4″ E, 8–30 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); 01°38′7″ N, 106°21′23″ E, on reef, 10–25 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 1 spm); Sebangmawang I., S of Bunguran I., 03°33.92′ N, 108°02.08′ E, 10–15 m, leg. H. Morrison (GH, 4 spm); Sumatra, Kelulekabung I. (HK 137.07, 1 spm); West Papua, Manokwari, mouth of Uriami River, leg. D. Smits (HK 137.06, 2 spm); Bay of Hollandia, leg. Mrs H. Grootens-Boerefijn (HK 137.11, 6 spm); off NW coast, Waigeo I., Sorong, leg. H. Morrison (HK 137.04, 2 spm); off Sorong, Kri I., 10–15 m, leg. H. Morrison (HK 137.05, 2 spm). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: PAPUA NIUGINI: stn PB18, Sek I., outer slope, 05°06.3′ S, 145°49.1′ E, 26 m (1 spm); stn PB28, E of Kranket I., 05°11.9′ S, 145°49.6′ E, 10 m (2 spm); stn PB45, Sinub I., 05°07.9′ S, 145°48.9′ E, 8 m (4 spm); stn PB47, N of Kranket I., 05°11.3′ S, 145°49.6′ E, 5 m (MNHN IM-2013-17574, 1 lv); stn PB47, N of Kranket I., 05°11.3′ S, 145°49.6′ E, 5 m (3 spm); stn PB48, N of Riwo, 05°08.7′ S, 145°48.2′ E, 2 m (MNHN IM-2013-17567, 1 lv); stn PB51, N of Bilbil I., 05°17.7′ S, 145°46.9′ E, 5 m (3 spm); stn PD31, Alexishafen, 05°05.3′ S, 145°48.1′ E, 1–6 m (1 spm); stn PD32, N of Sek I., Ottilien Passage, 05°04.4′ S, 145°48.7′ E, 1–8 m (1 spm); stn PD36, Rempi Area, W of Barag I., 05°01.2′ S, 145°47.9′ E, 5–10 m (1 spm); stn PM19, Alexishafen, islet SE of Megas Islet, 05°05.4′ S, 145°48.6′ E, 0–1 m (1 spm); stn PM22, Sek I., 05°04.7′ S, 145°48.9′ E, 0–1 m (MNHN IM-2013-13185, 1 lv); stn PM25, Rempi Area, Barag I., 05°01.1′ S, 145°47.9′ E (1 spm); stn PR202, S of Tab I., 05°10.3′ S, 145°50.3′ E, 2–4 m (MNHN IM-2013-17555, IM-2013-17556, IM-2013-17557, IM-2013-17558, IM-2013-17559, IM-2013-17560, 6 lv); stn PS 04, Tab I., 05°10.0′ S, 145°50.1′ E, 12 m (1 spm); stn PS 27, Bilbil I., 05°17.9′ S, 145°46.7′ E, 14 m (1 spm); stn PS 41, S of Urembo I., outer slope, 05°15.9′ S, 145°47.1′ E, 10 m (HK 137.20, 3 spm); stn PS 45, W Yabob I., 05°15.4′ S, 145°47.0′ E, 6 m (MNHN IM-2013-17562, 1 lv); stn PS 47, N of Sek I., inner slope, 05°04.7′ S, 145°48.9′ E, 8 m (1 spm). – Bismarck Archipelago, New Ireland, Kavieng, Baudisson Bay, 15–35 m, leg. H. Morrison (HK 137.03, 2 spm). SOLOMON ISLANDS: SALOMON 2, stn DW 2234, Choiseul I., 6°51′ S, 156°24′ E, 182–277 m (1 spm); SALOMONBOA 3, stn DW 2827, N of San Cristobal, 10°26′ S, 161°51′ E, 134–272 m (2 spm). FIJI: Suva Point, leg. S.P. Kool (HK 137.15, 1 spm); Yasawa Group, Wayasewa I., 17°21′ S, 177°08′ E, intertidal (HK 137.17, 1 spm). SAMOA: Savaii I., Asau Bay (PS, 4 spm; HK 137.10, 2 spm). Description Holotype PROTOCONCH. Multispiral consisting of 2.5 whitish whorls, body whorl with rows of microscopic pustules, otherwise smooth (Fig. 3Q). SHELL. Teleoconch consisting of 5.5 whorls; penultimate whorl with 15 and body whorl with 12 rounded ribs of equal size; broad varix. SPIRAL CORDS. Body whorl with approximately 10 continuous, weak spiral cords. INTERCORDAL SCULPTURE. Very fine, evenly spaced spiral striae, occasionally not only between, but also on spiral cords. APERTURE. Six low denticles on outer lip, that at periphery more pronounced. Columellar callus elevated anteriorly, backside of elevation with microscopic growth lines. Callus partly extending posteriorly over body whorl onto anal canal. Columellar lip lirate onto moderately strong parietal denticle; anal canal deep. OPERCULUM. Cream colored, serrated. SIPHONAL CANAL. Narrow. A strong fasciole; siphonal area with several fine, one dominating, cords. COLOR. Whitish to yellowish; some spiral cords light brown between ribs. Lower half of dorsal side of body whorl frequently with broad, orange-brown band (Fig. 3O). ADULT SIZE. 6.9–12.0 mm. Remarks The color varies from white to yellow and orange; the spiral cords occasionally brown, sometimes only locally between the axial ribs. Some specimens have 2 brown bands on the body whorl, occasionally only visible on the varix. Some specimens, including the holotype, display a broad orange-brown band on the lower part of the body whorl. R. poppeorum sp. nov. is often recognizable by a broad, dark orange-brown band on the last half or the last third of the ultimate whorl, and is characterized by its more slender shape compared to other species in this genus. Reticunassa poppeorum sp. nov. shows resemblance to R. tringa and R. visayaensis sp. nov. The greatest difference among the three species is the morphology of the protoconch. R. tringa has a paucispiral protoconch with 1.5–1.75 whorls, R. visayaensis sp. nov. has a multispiral protoconch of 2.25–2.5 whorls, whereas the protoconch of R. poppeorum sp. nov. has 2.5–2.75 whorls. The axial ribs of R. poppeorum sp. nov. are more pronounced and are present on the entire body whorl, whereas they decrease in height on the ventral side of the body whorl in R. tringa and R. visayaensis sp. nov. The most noticeable difference between R. paupera on the one hand and R. tringa, R. visayaensis sp. nov. and R. poppeorum sp. nov. on the other, is the presence of lirae in the latter three species over the entire surface of the extended columella. Besides this sculptural feature, the shape of the columellar callus differentiates R. paupera from the other three species; the callus of R. paupera is practically limited to the columella, whereas the callus of the other three partly extends over the body whorl. There are no morphological differences between R. neoproducta Kool & Dekker, 2007 and the closely related R. poppeorum sp. nov. (Fig. 3 N–Q). However, we decided to considerer these two lineages as different species based on the reciprocal monophyly indicated by the taxonomic trees (COI and 28S separately). Furthermore, R. neoproducta is found in the western Indian Ocean and R. poppeorum occurs in the western Pacific Ocean. To date, no specimens of these two species have been found east of Sri Lanka or west of Sumatra, respectively. It seems very unlikely that these two allopatric lineages still share any gene flux. Habitat In sand and coral rubble, 0–40 m, mainly between 1 to 20 m. Some freshly dead specimens with operculum were collected on a hard bottom with small pockets of sediment and in coral sand at a depth of 4– 6 m. Some specimens were collected in mangrove areas and in seagrass. Distribution Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Fiji, and Western Samoa (Fig. 7).Published as part of Galindo, Lee Ann, Kool, Hugo H. & Dekker, Henk, 2017, Review of the Nassarius pauperus (Gould, 1850) complex (Nassariidae): Part 3, reinstatement of the genus Reticunassa, with the description of six new species, pp. 1-43 in European Journal of Taxonomy 275 on pages 24-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.275, http://zenodo.org/record/382454
The Clinical Efficacy of Chest Computed Tomography in Trauma Patients.
No full textContains fulltext :
81390.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 16 september 2009Promotores : Schultze Kool, L.J., Vugt, A.B. van Co-promotor : Edwards, M.J.R.184 p
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