447 research outputs found
A survey on bivariate Lagrange interpolation on Lissajous nodes
No full textThis article is a survey on recent research on bivariate polynomial interpolation on the node points of Lissajous curves. The resulting theory is a generalization of the generating curve approach developed for Lagrange interpolation on the Padua points. After classifying the different types of Lissajous curves, we give a short overview on interpolation and quadrature rules defined on the node points of the Lissajous curves. Further, we summarize some convergence results and show how the interpolating polynomials can be computed efficiently. Finally, the developed theory is applied to a practical problem from a medical imaging modality called Magnetic Particle Imaging
Slow labour in first childbirth: Risk factors, obstetric outcomes and women´s experiences after expectant versus early oxytocin augmentation
No full textSlow labour progress is common in nulliparous women and is associated with childbirth complications and negative birth experiences. Oxytocin augmentation is widely used to treat slow labour despite associated risks for the fetus. An ongoing debate concerns whether oxytocin should be administered directly or postponed after arrested labour. The overall aim of this thesis was to study labour progress in healthy nulliparous women and to compare childbirth outcomes and experiences in women randomised to expectant versus early oxytocin augmentation for slow labour progress.
Objectives. The four studies comprising this thesis are based on a randomised controlled study where nulliparous women with a normal pregnancy, spontaneous onset of active labor at term, and a cervical dilatation of 4 – 9 centimetres on admission to the delivery ward were included (n=2,072). All women whose labour did not progress after amniotomy (n=630) were randomly allocated either to labour augmentation by oxytocin infusion (Early oxytocin, n=314) or to postponement of oxytocin augmentation for another three hours (Expectant, n=316). Study I examined if mode of delivery differed between treatment groups. Study II was conducted to identify independent predictors of active labour duration. Study III described the development and validation of a questionnaire to assess women’s experiences of childbirth. In Study IV, the questionnaire was used to assess and compare childbirth experiences one month postpartum in early vs expectant treatment.
Results. Study I showed that rates of spontaneous vaginal births, instrumental vaginal or caesarean births did not differ between early and expectant oxytocin augmentation. Study II identified independent predictors of extended labor duration (controlling for known predictors): a long latent phase, few hours of rest and sleep without normal food intake during the preceding 24 hours and low levels of labour pain. In Study III, factor analysis of the 22 item postpartum questionnaire yielded four factors; Own capacity, Professional support, Perceived safety, and Participation, accounting for 54% of the variance. The questionnaire showed good reliability and sensitivity. Study IV revealed no significant differences between early vs. expectant treatment in any of the four domains; however, operative births (caesarean and instrumental vaginal births) were associated with significantly worse childbirth experiences. Nearly one-third of the women in both groups had negative and depressing memories from labour.
Conclusions. Early oxytocin augmentation for slow labour progress does not appear to be more beneficial than expectant management regarding mode of delivery and women’s perceptions of childbirth one month postpartum. Given the risks for the fetus associated with oxytocin treatment, prudent expectant management seems to be a safe and viable alternative. As negative experiences of first childbirth are known to influence mothers’ decisions about future pregnancies and mode of delivery, it is vital that childbirth experiences be comprehensively assessed. The assessment instrument developed here may be adequate for this purpose. More research is needed to isolate factors contributing to negative childbirth experiences and to improve methods for identifying women with such experiences
Estudo sazonal do período de alta temporada no nível de preços do município de Florianópolis/SC
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Economia.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto sazonal da alta temporada no nível de preços do município de Florianópolis, comparando-o com o da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2013. Para isso, primeiramente fez-se uma breve revisão teórica, abordando o conceito de inflação, turismo em Florianópolis e sazonalidade. Posteriormente, realizou-se o cálculo dos índices sazonais a partir do modelo de suavização exponencial que mais se adequasse aos dados em análise, com princípios baseados no método de Decomposição Clássica de Séries Temporais. A partir dos resultados, chegou-se a conclusão que há um aumento no padrão sazonal dos níveis de preços no município de Florianópolis comparados a Porto Alegre no período da alta temporada na região
Collegium Theologicum, In Qvo Qvæstiones In Genesin Publicæ Ventilationi Exponuntur : Decem Disputationibus Comprehensum; Et Habitum In Alma Universitate Jenensi ; Accesserunt Additamenti Loco Qvinqve Programmata De Qvibusdam Controversis Locis Scripturæ
No full textPræside & Auctore Christiano Chemnitio ... [Resp.: Jo. Christoph. Hundeshagen; Nicolaus Dencker; Johannes Laurentius Langermann; Eilhardus Zierenberg; Daniel Buschius; Johannes Caspar Franck; Nicolaus Sauerwald; Johannes Fridericus Treiberus; Johannes Michaelis; Johannes Ludenius]Titelbl. in Rot- und Schwarzdr.Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Wittenbergæ Saxonum, Typis & Sumptibus Jo. Godofredi Meyeri, Anno M DCC XVI
Boundary spectral estimates for semiclassical Gevrey operators
No full textWe obtain the spectral and resolvent estimates for semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with symbol of Gevrey-s regularity, near the boundary of the range of the principal symbol. We prove that the boundary spectrum free region is of size O(h1- 1-s) where the resolvent is at most fractional exponentially large in h, as the semiclassical parameter h→0+. This is a natural Gevrey analogue of a result by N. Dencker, J. Sjöstrand, and M. Zworski in the C∞ and analytic cases
Sufficient Conditions for Solvability of Operators of Subprincipal Type
No full textIn this paper we show that condition on the
subprincipal symbol is sufficient for local solvability of pseudodifferential
operators of real subprincipal type. These are the operators having real
principal symbol which vanish on an involutive manifold where the subprincipal
symbol is of principal type. This condition has previously been shown by the
author to be necessary for local solvability of pseudodifferential operators of
real subprincipal type.Comment: 67 pages. Some typos and minor errors have been corrected. Revised
the argument in the proof of Theorem A.1 in the appendix, the result is
unchange
Maternal and newborn plasma oxytocin levels in response to maternal synthetic oxytocin administration during labour, birth and postpartum – a systematic review with implications for the function of the oxytocinergic system
No full textBackgroundThe reproductive hormone oxytocin facilitates labour, birth and postpartum adaptations for women and newborns. Synthetic oxytocin is commonly given to induce or augment labour and to decrease postpartum bleeding.AimTo systematically review studies measuring plasma oxytocin levels in women and newborns following maternal administration of synthetic oxytocin during labour, birth and/or postpartum and to consider possible impacts on endogenous oxytocin and related systems.MethodsSystematic searches of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus databases followed PRISMA guidelines, including all peer-reviewed studies in languages understood by the authors. Thirty-five publications met inclusion criteria, including 1373 women and 148 newborns. Studies varied substantially in design and methodology, so classical meta-analysis was not possible. Therefore, results were categorized, analysed and summarised in text and tables.ResultsInfusions of synthetic oxytocin increased maternal plasma oxytocin levels dose-dependently; doubling the infusion rate approximately doubled oxytocin levels. Infusions below 10 milliunits per minute (mU/min) did not raise maternal oxytocin above the range observed in physiological labour. At high intrapartum infusion rates (up to 32 mU/min) maternal plasma oxytocin reached 2-3 times physiological levels.Postpartum synthetic oxytocin regimens used comparatively higher doses with shorter duration compared to labour, giving greater but transient maternal oxytocin elevations. Total postpartum dose was comparable to total intrapartum dose following vaginal birth, but post-caesarean dosages were higher.Newborn oxytocin levels were higher in the umbilical artery vs. umbilical vein, and both were higher than maternal plasma levels, implying substantial fetal oxytocin production in labour. Newborn oxytocin levels were not further elevated following maternal intrapartum synthetic oxytocin, suggesting that synthetic oxytocin at clinical doses does not cross from mother to fetus.ConclusionsSynthetic oxytocin infusion during labour increased maternal plasma oxytocin levels 2-3-fold at the highest doses and was not associated with neonatal plasma oxytocin elevations. Therefore, direct effects from synthetic oxytocin transfer to maternal brain or fetus are unlikely. However, infusions of synthetic oxytocin in labour change uterine contraction patterns. This may influence uterine blood flow and maternal autonomic nervous system activity, potentially harming the fetus and increasing maternal pain and stress
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