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Stellenanzeigen im Sprach- und Kulturkontrast. Zur fachkommunikativen Komplexität juristischer Stellenangebote als kulturbedingte Handlungspraktiken
No full textAufgrund ihrer Polyfunktionalität (als Informationsangebote für potenzielle Bewerber bzw. als Marketinginstrumente im Rahmen des sog. Employer Branding und Corporate Reputation Management), ihrer Mehrfachadressiertheit (Bewerberorientierung bzw. Kundenorientierung) und ihrer multimodalen Ausprägung (Veröffentlichung in Print- und elektronischen Medien) eignen sich Stellenanzeigen zur Erforschung der fachkommunikativen Komplexität im heutigen globalisierten Arbeitsmarkt besonders gut. Die konstrastive Perspektive auf diese Komplexität ermöglicht zudem Einsichten in kulturspezifische und kulturübergreifende Tendenzen des Textsortenwandels in der aktuellen Professionskommunikation.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer textpragmatischen und kulturkontrastiven Studie zu Handlungsstruktur und Vertextungsstrategien in juristischen Stellenangeboten vorgestellt. Im Anschluss an frühere Untersuchungen zu deutschen und dänischen Stellenanzeigen (vgl. Luttermann 2017 und Luttermann/Engberg 2017) wird im Rahmen der bestehenden Analyse ein Textkorpus aus Online-Inseraten aus italienischen Juristenverbände-Portalen untersucht. Durch den ergänzenden Hinweis auf die besonderen Merkmale von Stellenanzeigen aus Kanzlei-Webseiten wird der Blick auf den Einfluss des Darbietungsmediums (hier: Unternehmenswebauftritt) und der bereichsspezifischen Einbettung auf die Gestaltung von Personalgewinnung in der Rechtsbranche weiter geschärft
Popularization and Knowledge Mediation in the Legal Field. COLLOQUIUM AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. XX. European Symposium on Languages for Special Purposes: Multilingualism in Specialized Communication: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Age. 8 -10 July 2015. Centre for Translation Studies, University of Vienna. Vienna, Austria
No full textColloquium: Popularization and Knowledge Mediation in the Legal Field
Programme
Friday, 10 July 2015
9.00 – 9.30: Silvia Cacchiani / Chiara Preite; On informative and interactive concerns in www.justice.gouv.fr and www.justice.gov.uk: making sense of rights and the law
9.30 – 10.00: Judith Turnbull: Communicating and reconceptualizing legal advice online
10.00 – 10.30: Silvia Cavallieri: Broadcasting legal discourse: the popularization of Family Law through Youtube
Coffee break
11.00 - 11.30: Andrzej Dabrowski: Reel justice in the context of teaching Legal English as a foreign language
11.30 – 12.00: Almut Meyer: Audiences of the Law
12.00 – 12.30: Alida Maria Siletti: Structure et paratexte de deux documents sur l’UE à visée vulgarisatrice : le cas des illustrations
Lunch
14.00 – 14.30: Silvia Modena: La divulgation juridique en tant que stratégie argumentative contre l'euro
14.30 – 15.00: Giuliana Diani: Transferring legal concepts to children: a cross-linguistic analysis
15.00 – 15.30: Jan Engberg / Karin Luttermann: Vermittlung rechtlichen Wissens an Kindern und Jugendlichen
Important information
Contact for this colloqium: Jan Engberg, [email protected]
Conveners: Jan Engberg, Silvia Cacchiani, Karin Luttermann, Chiara Preite
Aim and scope
The field of studying communication in law may be subsumed under the name of Legal Linguistics. Traditionally, this type of study of specialized communication has had its focus upon performative legal texts like contracts, statutes and judgments (Engberg, 2013a). Studies of legal texts have thus often been focused upon communicative acts that may be termed internal to the legal institutions (cf. Busse, 2000), i.e., such communicative acts that fulfil the core purposes of the legal institutions. In many fields of specialized communication, this is also the case, but especially in the field of science and technology beside the expert-expert communication also the communication of specialized topics between experts and non-experts has been a frequent object of study, especially under the headline of popularization (Calsamiglia & van Dijk, 2003), both in traditional genres and, more recently, in new and Web 2.0 genres and modes. This has hardly been the case in the field of Legal Linguistics. The special thing about the legal field compared to other fields of specialized communication is that even the institution-internal communication has direct impact upon the lives of citizens outside the institutions, too: Statutes and contracts establish a legal framework that the citizens have to comply with, even if they do not understand these texts fully.
Most studies of the intelligibility of legal texts have focused upon this aspect and thus on the aspect of achieving institution-internal communicative purposes. However, in a modern Western society also this type of state institutions have to think of other asymmetrical communicative purposes like informing citizens about the law and influencing their behavior (Engberg & Luttermann, 2014), but also the purpose of mitigating the skeptical attitude of citizens towards the law and the legal institutions (Preite, 2013). We expect these functions and purposes to be the central ones to be investigated in the colloquium. The conveners of this colloquium all have published studies on instructional and popularized texts used in asymmetrical communication and on different aspects of textual intelligibility in the field of law or in other fields (Cacchiani, 2013; Engberg, 2013b; Engberg & Luttermann, 2014; Luttermann, 2010; Preite, 2012; Preite, 2013). And we have investigated texts in a number of different languages and lingua-cultures. With this experience, we will be able to sketch some relevant lines of development of this new branch of study in the field of legal linguistics in our own presentations and guarantee a high degree of multilingualism in the work of the colloquium. In the colloquium, we would like to bring especially empirical studies of non-expert genres from different (European) countries together. We will be interested in studies of texts and genres from one country as well as contrastive studies, with a view to promoting interdisciplinary and intercultural dialogue and to enhancing the study of the knowledge and communicative dimensions of popularization and knowledge transfer (Ciapuscio, 2003; Calsamiglia & van Dijk, 2004) intended at effective recontextualization and intra-cultural translation of ‘shared’, uncontroversial core meanings in the legal field. More specifically, we provide reflection on the representation, construction and communication of knowledge intended for specific addressees (Kastberg, 2010; Ditlevsen, 2011) in traditional and ‘new’ non-expert genres, and different language and textual levels (from complex constructs and phraseology to patterns of textual and visual organization). Working within Legal Linguistics, we shall thus bring together diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives so as to focus on issues such as participant goals, roles and relationships, authority, dialogic/monologic orientation of the text and identity construction, (inter-)subjectivity and reconceptualization. This shall enable us to concentrate on intelligibility, diverse recontextualization strategies, and mechanisms of knowledge mediation that are specifically intented to attract and inform citizens, and thus ultimately influence their behaviour.
Conveners
Jan Engberg is professor of Knowledge Communication and holds a PhD in contrastive textology and specialized communication. His research interests include especially legal communication and legal linguistics with a focus upon the construction of specialized knowledge through legal texts in mono- and multilingual settings, the communication of legal knowledge across knowledge asymmetries and the inclusion of multimodal instruments in the mediation of legal knowledge.
Silvia Cacchiani holds a PhD in English Language and Linguistics from the U of Pisa, Italy, and has been a research fellow in English Language and Translation at the U of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, since January 2005. Her research interests range from the lexical, semantic and discourse-pragmatic aspects of intensification to lexicology, lexicography and specialized lexicography in particular. She is currently working on simplex, complex and phrasal constructs in English, Italian and French general language and LSPs and on specialized terminology in particular, with a view to investigating transparency, (conceptual) motivation and reconceptualization of legal terms mono- and bilingual lexicographic tools and in written practical instructions intended for knowledge dissemination (e.g. PILs).
Karin Luttermann is professor at the Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt. She is a prominent scholar in the field of Legal Linguistics in a broad sense in Germany and has among many other things developed models for analyzing meanings of legal concepts as distributed among different users in a society. In this context, she has a long record of investigating intelligibility of legal texts and concepts as well as many other aspects of the communication of legal knowledge.
Chiara Preite has been associate professor of French Language and Translation at the U of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, since November 2014. She holds an MA in Legal Translation from the U of Genoa, Italy, and a PhD in French Linguistics from the U of Brescia, Italy. Her main research interests lie in the field of legal French, lexicology, lexicography and specialized lexicography. She has published widely on these topics and is the author of the recently published monograph Langage du droit et linguistique. Etude de l’organisation textuelle énonciative et argumentative des arrêts de la Cour (et du Tribunal) de la Jusice des Communautés Européenes. She is currently carrying out work on law dictionaries from the jurilinguistic perspective and on dissemination of legal knowledge
Popularization of legal knowledge in English and Italian information books for children
No full textThis paper looks at popularization of legal knowledge targeted at children. The aim is to analyze the popularization strategies associated with the dissemination of legal knowledge in UK English and Italian information books for children aged between 7 and 14 dealing with legal issues: more specifically, the emphasis lies onto the concepts of Parliament and Law. Attention is paid to examples that highlight popularization strategies on the basis of the verbal elements characterizing them. The basic methodological framework of this comparative case study is discourse analysis, with occasional reliance on notions taken from multimodality. This provides instruments suitable for identifying cases where the visual mode interacts with the verbal mode to support popularization strategies. Cross-linguistic analysis suggests variation in the use of popularization strategies adopted by English and Italian writers to communicate and recontextualize legal knowledge to children within information books for them
„Beim Recht geht es darum, was richtig und erlaubt ist“ – zur Vermittlung von Rechtswissen für Kinder
No full textQuesto contributo esamina il modo in cui i principi giuridici e i termini più specifici delle singole aree del diritto vengono presentati nel linguaggio consono all'elaborazione da parte di bambini. Gli esempi analizzati sono tratti dalle risorse online Klexikon e Recht Kinderleicht. L'interesse si concentra sull'individuazione delle procedure linguistiche e dei mezzi espressivi utilizzati per trasmettere il sapere giuridico e su quali tipologie di conoscenza si basano i testi analizzati.This contribution focuses on the question of how legal concepts from different areas of law are disseminated to a child audience. The examples are taken from the online sources Klexikon and Recht Kinderleicht. The
aim of the analysis is to show what communicative practices and linguistic devices are implemented for popularization and what kind of knowledge may be addressed in this process.Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie gesetzlich verankerte Grundlagen sowie spezifischere Begriffe aus einzelnen Rechtsgebieten für Kinder sprachlich aufbereitet werden. Die untersuchten Beispiele entstammen den online-Ressourcen Klexikon und Recht Kinderleicht. Das Interesse richtet sich darauf, herauszuarbeiten, welche sprachlichen Verfahren und Ausdrucksmittel bei der Vermittlung rechtlichen Wissens in Anspruch genommen werden und an welche Wissensbestände die untersuchten Vermittlungstexte anknüpfen
La médiation juridique en tant que stratégie argumentative contre l'euro (2002-2017)
Full text linkThis study aims to describe two distinct and distant periods that nevertheless retain a common argumentative point: the opposition to the single currency. On the one hand, we will study a major event for the European Union which has been both linguistic and economic-political: the choice of the name of the single currency, euro. On the other hand, we will look at the contemporary debate on the euro and, more generally, on the willingness of certain Eurosceptic parties to exit or change the current structure of monetary Europe.Among the many argumentative strategies mobilized by the detractors considered, we emphasized that the official discourse of European treaties is mobilized as a discursive leverage for electoral purposes. In other words, the past and contemporary detractors of the euro communicate to their constituents that there is a legal means to stop the establishment of the euro and the economic power of Europe that guides the European Union To the detriment of the national sovereignty of France. The intentional act of explaining certain passages concerning the euro requires "terminological subtleties" whose understanding is at least delicate. It is precisely around these terminological nodes that the politically oriented popularization of the detractors of the euro is the most persuasive.Cette étude vise à décrire deux périodes distinctes et éloignées qui conservent
néanmoins un trait argumentatif commun: l'opposition à la monnaie unique.
D'une part, nous étudierons la mise en discours d'un événement de l'Union
européenne qui a été à la fois linguistique et économico-politique: le choix du
nom de la monnaie unique, l'euro. D'autre part, nous allons nous pencher sur le
débat contemporain contre l'euro et, plus généralement, sur la volonté de certains
partis eurosceptiques de changer la structure actuelle de l'Europe monétaire. D'un
point de vue argumentatif, nous soulignons que le discours officiel des traités
européens est mobilisé comme un levier discursif à des fins électorales, lors du
lancement de l'euro mais aussi récemment. En effet, les premiers détracteurs de
l’euro, en collaboration avec d’autres opposants à la monnaie unique, avaient
demandé la suspension des décrets qui validaient la nouvelle appellation de la
monnaie unique européenne. Ces dernières années, d’autres leaders politiques
français ont attaqué la construction monétaire européenne en mobilisant les
procédures juridiques liées au fonctionnement de l’euro. Au fil des ans, cette
stratégie argumentative, basée sur la volonté de rendre accessible les catégories
juridiques afin de plaider contre l’euro, peut donc être également étudié par sa
récursivité. Même si les décisions judiciaires du Conseil d’Etat avaient rejeté les
recours de certains des hommes politiques pris en compte, la réappropriation des
actes et termes juridiques menée par ces locuteurs non-experts relève de la
médiation juridique à but argumentatif
The voice of the law on Gov.uk and Justice.gouv.fr: Good value to citizens and institutions?
No full textInstitutions such as the UK Ministry of Justice or the French Ministère de la Justice have the social responsibility to inform citizens about the sys¬tem of norms, regulations, established practices and services, so as to help foster prosocial behaviour, ensure safety and order, and shape responsible citizenship (Engberg, Luttermann 2014). The other way round, lay citizens have the social responsibility to behave responsibly. And are therefore responsible for being informed of regulations, services and pro¬cedures, and for abiding by the regulations and practices set by governing bodies. In the age of digital communication, the “voice of the law” may take the form of subdirectories maintained at the Governmentʼs platform (http://www.gov.uk) or at the Ministry of Justiceʼs institutional website (http://www.justice.gouv.fr). Their primary goal is to assist citizens with “making sense of justice”, the law and one’s rights (http://open.justice.gov.uk/). That is, they are seats for asymmetric mediation of knowledge (Section 1) in the legal field, intended to deliver good value both to lay end-users and to the institution: when citizens receive quick and easy help and support with the knowledge and documentation that they need to behave prosocially and responsibly, the principal organization behind the website gains in credibility (Nielsen 1995; NN/G). With Marková, Linell, Gillespie (2008), this can be seen as context-dependent trust, which reinforces the citizens’ taken-for-granted trust in the institution (Section 2).
With research on web usability (Nielsen 1995; NN/G), we understand effective webpage layout (web user interfaces) in mature information formats (Farrell 2014) as powerful means for knowledge construction and representation, as well as for engagement and interaction with end users. As hypermodal texts (Lemke 2003:301), websites conflate multimodality and hypertextuality. This means that integrating selected notions from multimodal analysis (Martinec, Salway 2005; Bateman 2014) and research on web design and web user interfaces (NN/G), can help address issues of knowledge representation, construction and communication in asymmetric interactions between website and end-user.
In this context, we explore the visual representation of mediated knowledge – both informative and interactional concerns – in the Your rights and the law page maintained by the UK Ministry of Justice (http://www.gov.uk/browse/justice/rights), selected articles in subdirectories, and, importantly, their parent directory at http://www.gov.uk (Section 4.1). They will be compared and contrasted with the Droits & Démarches pages of the French Ministère de la Justice (http://www.vos-droits.justice.gouv.fr), the webpages of the French Government and of the French Ministry of Justice (Section 4.2). As a complementary step, we will take a different route and briefly turn to features of interdiscursive and interlocutive dialogism in the written text, stripped of the relevant layout (Section 4.3). Tough the analysis is strictly qualitative, it will still make it possible to compare and contrast diverse dynamics of knowledge representation, construction and communication across webpages that mediate institutional knowledge in situated contexts.
As will be seen, we will characterize institutional websites as social transmitters of the ‘voice of the law’. In practice, if these hypermodal visual (re)presentations of mediated legal knowledge are indeed usable services, then they deliver good value to the end-user and to the institution: serving as early response systems to urgent problems of specific citizens would generate context-dependent reflective trust in the institution. To probe this assumption, we carried out a descriptive investigation into the Gov.uk platform down to the Your rights and the law pages. As a way of comparison, we also turned to the homepage of the French Government, the homepage of the Ministry of Justice and its Droits & démarches subdirectories.
The data shows that whereas the UK website comes closer to realizing a mature information format, webpage layout and user interface, the French pages fail to achieve usability on different counts, including content design and organization, webpage layout and user interface. Considering that most often citizens have questions about their rights and responsibilities, the services offered by the Ministry of Justice, or both, it is clear that the French Ministry is not listening to the citizens when presenting promotional content about ministers, history of the organization, projects and events, latest publications and initiatives, etc. When utility content is presented and communicated, the main issue is not with interlocutive dialogism through the written text, nor with intratextual reformulation by itself. Rather, there is a problem of web usability. That is, content is not always easy to access in the absence of clear signposting and landmarks. Additionally, the scenarios and mental maps evoked might be incomplete or loosely structured due to non-mature sitemaps and loosely structured mental networks (e.g. in Violence conjugales vs Domestic abuse) as well as casual knowledge fixing and hyperlinking (e.g. Famille).
Citizen’s orientation towards trust in the institution would perhaps benefit more from early and easy access to responses to (basic) questions of their concern. The question now is, where to we go from here? At this stage of research we put the main focus on exploring the relation between progressive representation and communication of content and (re-)construction of mediated legal knowledge.
Of course, it would be good practice to bring together the efforts of webpage and content designers and the different expertise of analysts of government services and legal professionals for informed decisions on content selection and recontextualization. Semanticists and computational linguistics would help to build adequate mental networks and select the content needed to evoke prototypical scenarios with the appropriate de¬gree of specificity/generality; applied linguistics might give advice on features of the written text; linguists and communication experts would contribute their view on multimodality, interaction, text and image. For the time being, however, we suggest that further investigation into the issue be carried out to identify user needs (e.g. based on user testing, feed-back from users, and analytic data about user queries). More specifically, running several tests on realistic tasks and with small groups (Norman Nielsen Group) would allow to effectively locate usability problems while also serving as a reliable measure for both usability and trust generation
Juristische Fachsprache : Kongressberichte des 12th European Symposium on Language for Special Purposes, Brixen/Bressanone 1999
No full textProfessionskommunikation
No full textWorte, Wissen, Brücken bauen! – Fachwissen, Fachsprache und Routine allein genügen oft nicht mehr, um im Beruf adäquat zu kommunizieren. Die Anforderungen an Professionen reichen heute von der klassischen Fachkommunikation über Fachpersuasion bis hin zu digital-medialen Fachtextsorten und Texten in ihren Relationen und Vernetzungen. Dieses Buch soll den Blick öffnen für die vielschichtigen Dimensionen in der Welt der Professionskommunikation. Es beleuchtet, wie Fachleute über Disziplinen hinweg und mit Laien effektiv kommunizieren und komplexe Informationen verständlich machen. Es liefert Analysen und praktische Anleitungen nicht nur für Fachleute, die sich in der komplexen Landschaft interdisziplinärer Kommunikation bewegen. Die versammelten Beiträge entschlüsseln die Nuancen und Techniken, die notwendig sind, um Brücken über Fachgrenzen hinweg zu bauen, Verständnis zu fördern und die Effektivität in der Zusammenarbeit zu steigern. Mit seinem Fokus auf fundierte Forschungsergebnisse, innovative Ansätze und exemplarische Anwendung ist es ein Leitfaden für alle, die in der modernen Arbeitswelt erfolgreich sein und verstanden werden wollen. Es erweitert die Grenzen des Verständnisses und der Praxis professioneller Kommunikation
Professionskommunikation
No full textWorte, Wissen, Brücken bauen! – Fachwissen, Fachsprache und Routine allein genügen oft nicht mehr, um im Beruf adäquat zu kommunizieren. Die Anforderungen an Professionen reichen heute von der klassischen Fachkommunikation über Fachpersuasion bis hin zu digital-medialen Fachtextsorten und Texten in ihren Relationen und Vernetzungen. Dieses Buch soll den Blick öffnen für die vielschichtigen Dimensionen in der Welt der Professionskommunikation. Es beleuchtet, wie Fachleute über Disziplinen hinweg und mit Laien effektiv kommunizieren und komplexe Informationen verständlich machen. Es liefert Analysen und praktische Anleitungen nicht nur für Fachleute, die sich in der komplexen Landschaft interdisziplinärer Kommunikation bewegen. Die versammelten Beiträge entschlüsseln die Nuancen und Techniken, die notwendig sind, um Brücken über Fachgrenzen hinweg zu bauen, Verständnis zu fördern und die Effektivität in der Zusammenarbeit zu steigern. Mit seinem Fokus auf fundierte Forschungsergebnisse, innovative Ansätze und exemplarische Anwendung ist es ein Leitfaden für alle, die in der modernen Arbeitswelt erfolgreich sein und verstanden werden wollen. Es erweitert die Grenzen des Verständnisses und der Praxis professioneller Kommunikation
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