12 research outputs found
Nama-Nama Alternatif dalam Isnad Menurut Joseph Schacht
No full textCriticism of Joseph Schacht's hadith thought does not automatically undermine his theories. Even if examined further, these criticisms can be countered with a detailed and complete reading of Schacht's work. Therefore, in this article, the author tries to reveal further Schacht's theory about the arbitrarily backwards isnad which has implications for the emergence of alternative names. The unit of analysis of this article is the work of Schacht: The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. The aspects studied are: 1). arbitrarily backward isnād projection; and 2). Alternative names in isnād. In this article the author uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the documentary method. The data collected was then analyzed using the historical and critical isnad methods. The result of this study is that in the history of the development of legal doctrine, the starting point of Islamic jurisprudence was from the late period of the Umayyad dynasty (132 H.). At this time isnād began to be used. The ancient schools of law made living traditions the source of their laws. Each generation in the Islamic region (Iraq, Hijaz, and Syria) has an agreed legal doctrine. Initially this doctrine was general in nature, only representing the opinion of the group (anonymous). But since the decades of the second century, the legal doctrines of the living tradition have been projected onto the great figures of the past who can be chosen at random. This projection then generates alternative names that can be used interchangeably. In this section, in particular, the quality of criticism of Schacht's hadith thinking can be seen
ISLAMIC LAW REVIEW USE OF SEX TOYS
No full textThis study aims to uncover how Islamic law observations of the tools used to meet the biological needs of humans, called sex toys, are lately used by many groups, both Muslim and non-Muslim, both inside and outside Indonesia, in this article the author will discuss the sex toys law in view of Islam starting from; First, the opinions of scholars in the four schools of thought on the use of sex toys as a medium to meet human biological needs in various conditions. Second, examine the arguments put forward by these schools and the way istidlal or istinbath law. Third, analyze the opinions that are most relevant to be held today with logical and istidlal arguments that are the closest to the truth between the proposition and the reality faced by people in this modern era
Analysis of Headloss in Controlled Recirculating Aquaculture System for Fish Heatcheries
No full textConventional fish hatchery faces many challenges, such as extensive land use, excessive water use, environmental pollution, and a controlled maintenance system, making the fish hatchery process inefficient. The development of a Controlled Water Recirculation System (SRAT) can be a solution to overcome this problem. This study aims to obtain a water balance model and determine the amount of pressure loss that occurs in the SRAT piping network to improve the performance of SRAT by maintaining the uniformity of water discharge in each water tank in the SRAT. First, the average discharge was 2,134 L/min, with a uniformity of only 79%. After the intervention of the model, the uniformity value increased to 99% with an average of 1,269 L/min. It can be concluded that the built model can maintain the uniformity of water discharge in each tub contained in the SRAT.Conventional fish hatchery has many challenges such as large land use, excessive water use, environmental pollution and a controlled maintenance system, making the fish hatchery process inefficient. The application of the development of the Controlled Water Recirculation System (SRAT) can be a solution to overcome this problem. This study aims to obtain a water balance model, and determine the amount of pressure loss that occurs in the SRAT piping network, in order to improve the performance of SRAT by maintaining the uniformity of water discharge in each water tank in the SRAT. At first, the average discharge was 2,134 L/min with a uniformity value of only 79%. After the intervention of the model, the uniformity value increased to 99% with an average of 1,869 L/min. It can be concluded that the model built can maintain the uniformity of water discharge in each tub contained in the SRA
Agama dan Kebudayaan Masyarakat Perspektif Clifford Geertz
No full textThis article starts from the fact that religion and culture are two areas that often trigger pro and contra. On the one hand, there are many figures who clearly define the boundaries between religion and culture, while on the other hand there are also figures who continue to seek formulations of their relationship with the assumption that religion and culture provide mutual support. Clifford Geertz, an anthropologist born in San Francisco, contributed to the idea of religion and culture. This article uses the literature study method. The literature used is books that are supported by journals and previous research that are relevant to the topic the author raises. The result is that Clifford Geertz assesses human culture as a text that needs to be interpreted or thick description. This also applies when studying religious phenomena that occur in the midst of a society which is not only explained but come to the discovery of the meaning of these religious phenomena
Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Masyarakat pada Kantor Desa Tanimulya Kabupaten Bandung Barat
No full textThe role of a village office in rural areas is important in community services, especially those related to administration. At present the administrative processes of the community at the Tanimulya Village Office such as making various letters of introduction / information are still carried out conventionally and unorganized, so that queues often accumulate at the Tanimulya Village Office. Villagers in Tanimulya also often complain about the difficulty of reporting and complaints about various things or provide suggestions for the progress of the village. In addition, the lack of information media that is easily accessible by residents causes residents difficulty in accessing important information or news issued by the Tanimulya Village Office. For this reason, the author suggests how to design and build a community service information system in Tanimulya Village in solving these problems. The author conducts primary and secondary data collection, analyzes data, designs and builds using prototype models with the Unified Modeling Language tool, tests using the black box method, and implements it thoroughly. As a result the information system that was built based on a website in the internet network involved the community, RT heads, RW heads, staff and heads of Tanimulya Village. With this information system able to streamline the administrative services of the community and streamline the distribution of information to the people of Tanimulya Village
Hadith in the Ancient Schools of Law According to Joseph Schacht
No full textIn the 3rd century H, the traditions of the Prophet have been collected. In the sixth book (al-Kutub as-Sittah) only the traditions of the Prophet are prioritized. Before Asy-Syāfi‘ī (d. 204 H), in the ancient schools of law, the traditions of the Prophet received little attention. Based on this problem, the author tries to explore further how the hadith in ancient schools of law actually was according to Schacht. From two of Schacht's works: An Introduction to Islamic Law and The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, the author focuses on: 1). The ancient school of law according to Joseph Schacht; and 2). Hadith in ancient schools of law according to Joseph Schacht. The purpose of this discussion is to describe how Schacht's ideas about ancient schools of law and how hadiths are used by ancient schools of law. In this article the author uses a qualitative descriptive approach with documentary methods and historical analysis. The results of the study show that in the history of the development of legal doctrine, ancient schools of law were born from the activities of qādī (Islamic judges) and specialists who were concerned with legal issues. Their distinctive feature is geographical differences: Hijaz (Makkah and Medina), Iraq (Kufah and Basra), Syiria and Egypt. Their response to the popular practice and administrative regulations of the Umayyad dynasty (collapsed 132 H) gave birth to what is known as Islamic law. During the Abbasid dynasty, the ancient school of law changed into a new school of law based on loyalty to a teacher, which in turn formed groups such as the followers of Abū Ḥanīfah (d. 150 H), Mālik (d. 179 H), Sufyān aṡ-Ṡaurī ( d. 161 H), al-Auzā’ī (d. 157 H), and so on. The ancient legal schools had the same attitude towards hadith. They prioritize the traditions of the Companions rather than the traditions of the Prophet. This can be seen from Asy-Syāfi‘ī's polemic against the Medina and Iraqi schools. Other evidence is the distribution of the use of hadiths of the Prophet and traditions other than the Prophet in the book al-Muwaṭṭa’, Ᾱṡār Abū Yusūf and Ᾱṡār ash-Syaibānī
Telaah Pemikiran KH. Abdurrahman Wahid Tentang Pondok Pesantren
No full textAbstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan Untuk mengetahui konsep pendidikan Pondok Pesantren, bagaimana subkultur dan tata nilai, pola kepemimpinan dan kurikulum pondok pesantren menurut K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid. Adapun metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah penelitian kualitatif artinya penelitian yang menggunakan data informasi berbagai macam teori yang diperoleh dari kepustakaan, baik itu diperoleh dari sumber data primer maupun data skunder. Berdasarkan deskripsi atas pemikiran KH. Abdurrahman Wahid mengenai pendidikan Pondok Pesantren di atas, setelah penulis lakukan analisis lebih mendalam dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren ialah pendidikan yang didasarkan pada keyakinan religius dan bertujuan untuk membimbing atau menghantarkan peserta didik menjadi manusia yang utuh dan mandiri. Ada tiga elemen yang mampu membentuk pondok pesantren sebagai sebuah subkultur, yaitu: (1) pola kepemimpinan pondok pesantren yang mandiri dan tidak terkoptasi oleh negara, 2) literatur-literatur kitab-kitab kuning sebagai rujukan umum yang selalu digunakan dari berbagai abad, dan 3) sistem nilai yang digunakan adalah bagian dari masyarakat luas. Pola Kepemimpinan Pondok Pesantren bersifat Khirarki dan Kurikulum di pondok pesantren ditujukan untuk “mencetak†ulama di kemudian hari. Kata Kunci: Pemikiran Abdurrahman Wahid, Pondok Pesantren Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the concept of Islamic boarding school education, how subcultures and values, leadership patterns and Islamic boarding school curriculum according to K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid. The research method used in writing this thesis is qualitative research, meaning research that uses information data on various theories obtained from the literature, whether it is obtained from primary data sources or secondary data. Based on the description of the thoughts of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid regarding Islamic Boarding School education above, after the author conducted a more in-depth analysis, it can be concluded that Islamic Boarding School Education is education based on religious beliefs and aims to guide or deliver students to become complete and independent human beings. There are three elements that are able to form Islamic boarding schools as a subculture, namely: (1) leadership patterns of Islamic boarding schools that are independent and not co-opted by the state, 2) yellow books literature as general references that are always used from various centuries, and 3. ) the value system used is part of the wider community. The pattern of Islamic boarding school leadership is hierarchical and the curriculum in Islamic boarding schools is intended to "print" ulama in the future. Keywords : Thoughts KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, Islamic Boarding Schoo
Retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam Konteks Perang Dagang
No full textThe protectionism policy was first implemented in the 2018 by the United States when there was a deficit in domestic trade for Chinese products, under the pretext of protecting domestic industries that could not compete with Chinese products. Then, China responded to this policy by imposing tariffs on US products with the concept of trade retaliation. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Chinese retaliation on trade policy to the United States in the trade war. then, the research method used by the author in this study is a descriptive research method that uses data types, namely secondary data sources. This study used the theory of protectionism and the concept of trade retaliation in analyzing China\u27s retaliation towards the United States in trade wars. The retaliation carried out by China as a form of retaliation for the protectionist policies carried out by the US previously had an impact in the form of: 1) a trade deficit of 21% in 2016 caused huge losses to the agricultural sector; 2) a fall in the value of US exports of $32 billion which hurt many US companies; 3) decreased investment due to economic uncertainty due to trade wars; and 4) influencing the US election in 2020 due to trade policies towards China which has an impact on trade wars.
Kebijakan proteksionisme pertamakali diterapkan oleh Amerika Serikat ketika terjadi devisit perdagangan dalam negerinya terhadap produk China, dengan dalih untuk melindungi industri domestik yang kalah bersaing dengan produk China. kemudian, China membalas kebijakan tersebut dengan memberlakukan tarif produk AS dengan konsep retaliasi perdagangan, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari Retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam konteks perang dagang. kemudian, metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan jenis data yakni sumber data sekunder. Dengan menggunakan teori proteksionisme dan kensep retaliasi perdagangan dalam menganalisis retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam konteks perang dagang. kebijakan proteksionisme yang diterapkan AS pada periode awalnya memang membawa dampak awal yang baik bagi ekonomi industri domestik, namun berbeda ketika China mengajukan retaliasi perdagangan sehingga dampak yang ditimbulkan sangat dirasakan oleh industri manufaktur Amerika Serikat, pengaruh pada sektor pertanian, sampai pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2020. perang dagang mengurangi defisit perdagangan Amerika Serikat dengan China pada tahun 2019, namun, hal ini berbalik pada tahun 2020,ketika china menerapkan retaliasi perdagangan, alhasil defisit perdagangan meningkat kembali ke tingkat sebelum perang perdagangan, sementara defisit perdagangan Amerika Serikat secara keseluruhan meningka
International Collaboration for Academic Publication: Implications From the Resource-Based View and Transaction Cost Theory
No full textIn this study, the authors examine factors that explain international scholars’
success in publishing in North American management journals through collaboration.
Drawing on the international entry mode literature, the authors
propose that international collaboration teams are more successful when
they increase complementary resources and reduce transaction costs. A
sample of 364 articles from 10 North American management journals shows
that teams published in higher impact management journals when they had
U.S. or Canadian collaborators, higher proportions of assistant professors,
and less gender diversity. Combining additional findings from 23 semistructured
interviews, the authors provide a research model to explain the resources and
costs embedded in international collaboration teams as well as mechanisms
that help transform costs into resources
Seeds of exchange: collecting for Russia's apothecary and botanical gardens in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
No full textThis dissertation follows the collection and cultivation of plants in the Russian Empire for medicinal and botanical purposes from the beginning of the seventeenth to the end of the eighteenth centuries. It focuses on the itineraries of collection and the spaces of cultivation established by herbalists, doctors, and naturalists in the employ of the Apothecary (Medical) Chancellery and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In doing so it investigates how methods of botanical collection, including specific itineraries, influenced the creation spaces of botanical cultivation, including gardens, collections of correspondence and regional Floras. This juxtaposition and analysis of the mutual influence between routes and gardens ultimately attempts to explore how mobility and space intersected with the production of natural knowledge in the early modern Russian context.
The first chapter of this dissertation, “Travniki and the Chancellery,” details the seventeenth-century network of itinerant herbalists [travniki] who collected plants, flowers, roots and seeds seasonally for the Apothecary Chancellery’s pharmacies and gardens. The travels of the Chancellery’s travniki are contrasted with the trade in materia medica, which included medicinal plants as well as chemical medicines, found in the herb stalls [zeleinye riady] of Moscow’s trading quarters. The specter of witchcraft and the role of Chancellery doctors in witchcraft trials concludes the chapter and is used to underscore the perceived threat and power of plants as they were transported from the countryside into the city.
The second chapter, “Via the Volga,” then follows the Apothecary Chancellery into the eighteenth century, spanning its reorganization as the Medical Chancellery and detailing the first botanical and medical expeditions of Chancellery doctors down the Don and Volga Rivers. Chancellery expeditions clearly had a strong southern orientation throughout the century in no small part due to the Chancellery’s growing relationship with the Russian military. The existence of a broadly shared botanical imaginary which saw the eastern edges of the Ottoman Empire and the Caucasus as the origin of post-Noachian global plant and animal diversity also fueled the Chancellery’s collecting activities there. These itineraries led to collections in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Astrakhan that allowed the Russian Empire to advertise more broadly its own unique access to the botanical wealth and thus the storied landscape at the edges of the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus and the surrounding steppe.
In the third chapter, “Translatio Botanicae,” the relationship between the city of St. Petersburg, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (established in 1724) and the idea of Siberia as a site of scientific investigation are presented and explored as a powerful complex of interconnected ideas and images produced by a growing empire desirous of entering the Republic of Letters. Just as the Chancellery doctors travelled south, naturalists from the Academy of Sciences travelled east into Siberia as far as Kamchatka and the Pacific Ocean. These itineraries, the gardens they produced, and the scientific claims they were then used to substantiate show how the scientific image of Siberia was constructed in combination with the establishment of the city of St. Petersburg as the new imperial capital and cosmopolitan city of science.
The fourth and final chapter, “Collecting Europe,” follows the mid-eighteenth century travels of Russian students (and one in particular) who were dispatched to collect botanical specimens in the gardens of Europe. It highlights how certain Russian travelers sought to treat Europe as a botanical borderland to be collected, organized, and displayed back in Russia. Rather than reinforcing the imbalance of a “center-periphery” relationship between Russian naturalists and their European counterparts, this chapter focuses on the subtle and dynamic ways in which Russian students and collectors met, engaged with and benefited from the European botanical community.
This dissertation therefore traces the emergence of a widely-recognized Russian botanical community by the end of the eighteenth century. It details the intersection of three broad but intimately connected processes: the creation of itineraries of collection, the establishment of spaces of cultivation and the production of botanical knowledge, over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The larger role played by Russian imperial policy infiltrated the emergence of this scientific community at every level, but none more so than in the ways in which herbalists, doctors and naturalists chose to travel through the surrounding landscape. This process of actively turning otherwise unassuming products of nature into bona fide botanical objects for circulation and exchange in the global scientific community was as influenced by its Russian imperial context as it as by the plants in which it dealt.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-10-28T21:10:41Z
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