5 research outputs found
Tourisme, mutations foncières et dynamiques territoriales sur le littoral d’Amborovy, Mahajanga, Madagascar
No full textThe Amborovy coastline, located in Mahajanga (northwest coast of Madagascar), is undergoing rapid land tenure transformations driven by the growth of tourism. The surge in infrastructure development since 2000 has triggered intense competition for land, amounting to a veritable rush to the coast. This pressure, coupled with aggressive real estate speculation, has intensified conflicts between the tompon-tany (local communities) and investors, while simultaneously undermining coastal ecosystems. This analysis, grounded in legal pluralism and multiscalar governance theories, assesses the effectiveness of the 2005 Malagasy land tenure reform, particularly the Untitled Private Property (PPNT) instrument, in the face of this land rush. A mixed-methods approach combines diachronic and cartographic analyses (GIS) with fieldwork conducted between 2023 and 2024, documenting changes in built environments since the 1980s. The results indicate that, despite the innovative nature of the PPNT, there has been an accelerated conversion of natural and agricultural areas into tourist complexes, often controlled by foreign investors since 2010. In this northwestern region, reforms have failed to halt the marginalization of local populations and environmental degradation. In conclusion, preventing territorial fragmentation in Mahajanga requires the urgent establishment of adaptive governance. This must integrate the institutionalization of local customary rights and regulate land markets to counter speculation. Such normative hybridization is imperative to prevent this territory from becoming an experimental epicenter of socio-spatial fragmentation
Automatic Detection of Depressive Users in Social Media
No full textAccording to the World Health Organization, 350 million people worldwide sufferfrom depression. Detecting this trouble constitutes thus a challenge for personal and publichealth. Research in psychology has shown a strong correlation between the psychological stateof an individual and its language use. In this paper, we propose to leverage such linguisticfeatures to automatically detect depressive users on social media posts. Our approach is super-vised and relies on a set of features going from standard bag of words and surface features tomore linguistically informed features. This approach has been evaluated on Reddit social mediaposts and applied on two tasks: (a) Given user’s posts, detect whether the author is depressiveor not, (b) Given a user’s history of writings, early detect signs of depression. Our results showthat our approach is reliable on both tasks
Implications of a local flora survey for pre‐human grass flora in north‐western Madagascar.
No full textOn apprend aux enfants de Madagascar que leurs ancêtres ont détruit la vaste forêt ancienne donnant naissance aux prairies modernes, un mythe trompeur qui continue à saper la relation des gens avec la nature. Remplacer ce mythe par un récit plus nuancé et précis sur les écosystèmes herbeux est fondamentale pour construire une relation positive entre la population et les écosystèmes de Madagascar, un processus nécessaire pour construire des pratiques modernes de conservation et de gouvernance environnementale. Les données que nous présentons sont cohérentes avec la flore herbacée pré‐humaine dans la région, suggérant que les écosystèmes herbacés locaux ne devraient pas être considérés comme anthropique et indésirables, mais qu'ils ont plutôt besoin d'être reconnus et d'une attention accrue de la recherche
Study of the condition of Mangroves in Bombetoka Bay, Rural Commune of Boanamary, Boeny Region, Madagascar
No full textYou can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. In Madagascar, the population of the coastal zone lives at the cost of natural resources, especially the mangroves. This study focused on the condition of mangroves in Bombetoka Bay, Rural Commune of Boanamary, Boeny Region, Madagascar. The purpose is to analyze the state of the mangrove forest. The adopted methodology has made it possible to know the different modes of exploitation of mangrove species. The transect and quadrat methods were used at all four sites: Morahariva, Nosy Tanindrazana, Malainolo, and Tambohobe. The findings from the inventories and measurements of the samples of the quadrats allowed us to calculate the floristic characters. The ecosystem is being over-exploited by the local community. The Avicennia marina species have dominated the remaining forest. The traces of the cuts are much more marked in the easily accessible zones A and C. Mangrove degradation is due in large part to human actions.IJSRED - International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Developmen
Investigation of a vanA linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Reunion Island)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Dual resistance to linezolid and glycopeptides is a milestone reached by certain extensively drug-resistant (XDR) enterococci. This paper describes the molecular and epidemiological investigations of a linezolid-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (LVREf) outbreak in the French overseas territory of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Methods: All vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates detected on Reunion Island between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. The VRE isolates were phenotypically characterised and genetically explored by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: Sixteen vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREf) isolates were retrieved between 2015 and 2019. Seven isolates obtained in 2019 were involved in the outbreak. These seven LVREf isolates from the 2019 outbreak at the University Hospital of Reunion Island (UHRI) were suspected to be related to a linezolid-susceptible VREf strain imported from India. An epidemiological link was highlighted for six of the seven outbreak cases. All the LVREf outbreak isolates were obtained from rectal swabs (colonisation) and resistant to vancomycin (MIC > 128 mg/L) and linezolid (MIC 8–32 mg/L); one isolate was also resistant to daptomycin (MIC 8 mg/L). The seven outbreak isolates were positive for the vanA and optrA genes and belonged to ST761. Conclusions: These results argue for the strict application of control and prevention measures for VRE clones at high risk of spread, particularly in areas such as Reunion Island where the risk of importation from the Indian subcontinent is high. The regional spread of optrA linezolid-resistance genes in VRE isolates is a matter of concern, due to possibility of treatment failure. © 2022 The Author(s
