HAL Réunion (Univ- de la Réunion )
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From policy to practice in cervical cancer prevention in Reunion Island
No full textInternational audienc
Targeted discovery of sesquiterpene indole alkaloids from Greenwayodendron suaveolens
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Culturable macroplastic-associated potential human pathogens in coral reef lagoons, Madagascar
No full textInternational audiencePotentially human pathogenic bacteria (PHPBs) have been detected in plastic-associated marine microbiomes, primarily through DNA-based methods. However, data on their culturability and concentrations on plastics remain limited, yet are essential to assess actual health risks. To address this gap, 70 floating macroplastic and 20 seawater samples were collected from two human-impacted reef lagoons in southwestern Madagascar (AtsimoAndrefana region). PHPBs were cultured from their microbiomes using selective media and quantified. Macroplastics were predominantly polypropylene (34 %) and polyamide (31 %). In increasing order of concentration, four culturable PHPBs, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Vibrio Harveyi clade species, were identified on both macroplastics and in seawater, across all sites and polymer types. Notably, 52 % of macroplastic samples harbored two PHPB species simultaneously, while only 7 % were PHPB-free. Concentrations of all PHPBs were consistently and significantly higher on macroplastics than in seawater, regardless of the measurement unit or polymer type, with the Vibrio Harveyi clade being the most abundant. No significant correlations were observed among PHPB species concentrations, suggesting limited interaction and independent colonization. These findings indicate that floating macroplastics may serve as reservoirs and fomites for viable PHPBs. However, their potential impacts on ecosystems and human health should be interpreted cautiously. We emphasize the need to contextualize PHPB concentration data by considering factors such as exposure pathways, environmental persistence, and bacterial virulence, rather than relying solely on concentration-based comparisons, which may lead to misinterpretatio
Democratic Control Over Tax Treaties: A Comparative Constitutional Perspective
No full textInternational audienceThe article asks a fundamental constitutional question: who democratically controls tax treaty policy? Using a functional, lifecycle-based comparative method, it examines four pivotal moments at which representative consent may shape or limit tax treaty commitments: entry (negotiation and approval), clarification (reservations, subsequent agreements, interpretative practice), operation (domestic implementation and application, including override), and exit (termination). Although tax treaties reallocate taxing right, reshape tax bases and affect public revenue, the comparative analysis of selected civil-law and common-law jurisdictions reveals a recurring pattern of executive dominance. Parliaments play a central but temporarily compressed role at approval or implementation, but they are only weakly integrated into the management and evolution of treaty commitments. The article maps emerging best practices and advances a reform agenda aimed at re-embedding tax treaties within domestic chains of democratic legitimacy, so that the principle of “no taxation without representation” applies coherently to both international tax commitment and ordinary tax legislation
Improving penalty shoot-out performance in skilled youth soccer players: An imagery modality-based approach
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Since their introduction in professional football, penalty shoot-outs represent key moments in matches. Motor imagery (MI) can improve soccer performance, but different MI modalities can be used to mentally simulate motor actions. This study aimed to evaluate whether the MI modality used by the players would influence their penalty shoot-out performance. Methods: Twenty youth skilled football players from the Elite Center of the French Regions of America (CERFA) voluntarily participated in this experiment (M age = 16.4 years). After an assessment of their MI ability, the participants completed 4 counterbalanced experimental sessions spread over 4 weeks, each including the completion of 5 penalty shoot-outs. The sessions consisted of a control condition (count-down and actual execution) and 3 MI conditions during which the players had to mentally imagine themselves performing a penalty shoot-out according to one of the MI modalities: Internal Visual Imagery (IVI), External Visual Imagery (EVI), or Kinesthetic Imagery (KI), before kicking. Number of goals scored, shooting accuracy and ball speed were measured and served as dependent variables. Results: The soccer players benefited from MI. Indeed, in both the IVI and KI conditions, their performances were significantly higher than in the no-MI (i.e., control) condition with respect to the total number of goals scored and shooting accuracy variables
