HAL Réunion (Univ- de la Réunion )
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Culturable macroplastic-associated potential human pathogens in coral reef lagoons, Madagascar
No full textInternational audiencePotentially human pathogenic bacteria (PHPBs) have been detected in plastic-associated marine microbiomes, primarily through DNA-based methods. However, data on their culturability and concentrations on plastics remain limited, yet are essential to assess actual health risks. To address this gap, 70 floating macroplastic and 20 seawater samples were collected from two human-impacted reef lagoons in southwestern Madagascar (Atsimo-Andrefana region). PHPBs were cultured from their microbiomes using selective media and quantified. Macroplastics were predominantly polypropylene (34 %) and polyamide (31 %). In increasing order of concentration, four culturable PHPBs, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Vibrio Harveyi clade species, were identified on both macroplastics and in seawater, across all sites and polymer types. Notably, 52 % of macroplastic samples harbored two PHPB species simultaneously, while only 7 % were PHPB-free. Concentrations of all PHPBs were consistently and significantly higher on macroplastics than in seawater, regardless of the measurement unit or polymer type, with the Vibrio Harveyi clade being the most abundant. No significant correlations were observed among PHPB species concentrations, suggesting limited interaction and independent colonization. These findings indicate that floating macroplastics may serve as reservoirs and fomites for viable PHPBs. However, their potential impacts on ecosystems and human health should be interpreted cautiously. We emphasize the need to contextualize PHPB concentration data by considering factors such as exposure pathways, environmental persistence, and bacterial virulence, rather than relying solely on concentration-based comparisons, which may lead to misinterpretation
Le droit comptable et le droit fiscal, facteurs d’(in)effectivité des objectifs climatiques
No full textInternational audienc
Assessing simplified approaches in modeling rainfall-induced landslides using Richards' equation with Biot poroelasticity
No full textInternational audienceCoupled Hydro-Mechanical (HM) models, which involve the interaction between fluid flow and mechanical processes in porous media, are essential for simulating rainfall-induced landslides (RILS). A common strategy to investigate RILS is through the Biot poroelasticity approach combined with the Local Factor of Safety concept. While the two-phase flow and mechanical equations are well-documented for modeling HM processes in variably saturated conditions, the use of Richards' Eq. (RE) in this context remains underexplored. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive formulation for coupling RE with mechanical equations and evaluating the impact of various model simplifications on the reliability of RILS predictions. We present the theoretical development of the original mathematical model that leads to a strong coupling between flow and mechanical equations. We also review the different simplification approaches proposed in the literature to reduce the complexity of the original model. A straightforward implementation of these approaches in COMSOL is provided, with validation against established benchmarks. Through a comparative analysis of different approaches, using both hypothetical benchmark and real case study in Azerbaijan, this study provides new insights into the balance between model complexity and prediction accuracy. While simplified approaches are commonly used in literature, this study advocates for the fully coupled model, which delivers the most reliable results. The employment of advanced numerical techniques enhances the computational performance of the fully coupled model, making it competitive with simplified approaches
Prevalence of mealybug wilt-associated viruses in pineapple 'Queen Victoria' cultivars in Reunion Island and the potential of virus-free vitroplants for disease management
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615299/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;;(REU) Dispositif de partenariat en santé et biodiversité//International audienceMealybug wilt disease of pineapple (MWP) poses a significant threat to global pineapple production, yet its etiology remains poorly understood. The disease is believed to involve mealybugs, multiple pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs, genus Ampelovirus), and possibly other viruses from the Badnavirus, Secovirus, and Vitivirus genera. This study examines the distribution and prevalence of three ampeloviruses (PMWaV1, PMWaV2, PMWaV3) and two badnaviruses (PBERV, PBCOV), previously associated to MWP symptoms, across 15 pineapple plots of the 'Queen Victoria' cultivar in Reunion Island. A total of 450 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were analyzed using PCR and RT-PCR-based diagnostics. Globally, 93 % of samples were infected with at least one virus, and 76 % were co-infected with two to four viruses. PMWaV1 (78 %) and PBCOV (87 %) were the most prevalent, while PBERV was not detected. Virus presence was associated with leaf dieback, wilting, and curling. Leaf reddening and yellowing, commonly associated with MWP, were not associated with viral infection, suggesting that other biotic or abiotic factors may be responsible for these symptoms. Viral infections and MWP symptoms were significantly lower in plots planted with vitroplants (VPs) compared to those using suckers, highlighting the potential of VPs in reducing viral infections. These findings highlight the complexity of MWP and underscore the potential benefits of using virus-free VPs to manage the disease
Dépistage de la dysfonction érectile par les diabétologues chez le sujet diabétique de type 2 à la réunion
No full textBackground: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), impairing quality of life and increasing cardiovascular risk. In Reunion Island, where T2D prevalence is high, ED screening practices by diabetologists remain underexplored.Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study (January–July 2025) involving diabetologists in Reunion Island and male T2D patients. Two anonymous questionnaires assessed screening practices, use of validated tools, management, barriers, and expectations.Results: Among 25 diabetologists, 12% performed systematic ED screening, 80% opportunistic screening, and 4% used a validated tool. Half felt comfortable discussing ED, but only 29% were comfortable managing it. Among patients (n = 17), ED prevalence (IIEF-5 score) was 70.6%, yet 66.7% had never discussed it with a healthcare professional. Main barriers were lack of awareness, physician silence, and embarrassment.Conclusion: ED screening in T2D men in Reunion Island remains mainly opportunistic and unstructured. Improvements could include practitioner training, dissemination of protocols and patient materials, clearer care pathways, and integration of a multidisciplinary approach.Introduction : La dysfonction érectile (DE) est une complication fréquente du diabète de type 2 (DT2), associée à une altération de la qualité de vie et à un risque cardiovasculaire accru. À La Réunion, où la prévalence du DT2 est élevée, son dépistage par les diabétologues reste peu étudié.Méthode : Étude observationnelle, descriptive et transversale menée de janvier à juillet 2025 auprès de diabétologues exerçant à La Réunion et de patients masculins atteints de DT2. Deux questionnaires anonymes ont exploré les modalités de dépistage de la DE, l’utilisation d’outils validés, la prise en charge, les freins et attentes.Résultats : Sur 25 diabétologues, 12 % dépistaient systématiquement la DE, 80 % de manière opportuniste et 4 % utilisaient un outil validé. La moitié se disait à l’aise pour en parler, mais seulement 29 % pour la traiter. Côté patients (n = 17), la prévalence de la DE (score IIEF-5) atteignait 70,6 %, mais 66,7 % n’en avaient jamais parlé à un professionnel. Les principaux freins étaient l’ignorance du trouble, le silence médical et la gêne.Conclusion : Le dépistage de la DE chez le patient DT2 à La Réunion reste majoritairement opportuniste et peu structuré. Des leviers existent : formation des praticiens, diffusion de protocoles et supports éducatifs, clarification des filières de soins, intégration d’une approche multidisciplinaire
Patrimoine statuaire en Afrique du Sud et au Mozambique : formes de contestations et d’apaisement
No full textInternational audienceThe “heritage of domination” remains omnipresent (Boswell & O'Kane, 2011) in some African urban spaces, referring to “traumatic memories”. Heritage ambivalence can be seen in the field. States are divided between old, dissonant heritage (Tunbridge and Ashworth, 1996) and new monuments designed to offer a narrative that is more in tune with the players in charge and the image they wish to present of their territory. This friction between old and new heritage, particularly statuary, is of interest to us. In this contribution, we propose to assess this reality by looking at a number of metropolises in South Africa and Mozambique. The co-presence of heritage has led to multiple actions and reactions towards monuments in public space. By means of a classification scale, we will attempt to show that these positions and actions are grouped around a spectrum ranging from acute tensions, characteristic of “statuoclastia” (Tillier, 2022), to forms of acceptance or appeasement, visible both through the logic of the status quo (and its consequences) and the dynamics of displacement.Les métropoles en Afrique du Sud et au Mozambique peuvent être partagées entre un ancien patrimoine dissonant et de nouveaux monuments, proposant un récit davantage en phase avec l’image que les acteurs tiennent à offrir de leur territoire. Ces frottements entre ancien et nouveau patrimoine, en particulier statuaire, peuvent déboucher sur des (ré)actions multiples conduites à l’endroit des monuments présents dans l’espace public, qu’il s’agit ici de classer pour les analyser