14 research outputs found
A data-drive model for the assessment of shallow landslides hazard with the integration of satellite soil moisture and rainfall data
No full textR ainfall-induced shallow landslides are very dangerous phenomena, widespread all over the
world, which could provoke significant damages to buildings, roads, facilities, cultivations and,
sometimes, loss of human lives. For these reasons, it is necessary assessing the most prone zones
in a territory which is particularly susceptible to these phenomena and the frequency of the
triggering events, according to the return time of them, which generally correspond to intense and
concentrated rainfalls. The most adopted methodologies for the determination of the
susceptibility and hazard of a territory are physically-based models, that quantify the hydrological
and the mechanical responses of the slopes according to particular rainfall scenarios. Whereas,
these methodologies could be applied in a reliable way in little catchments, where geotechnical
and hydrological features of the materials affected by shallow failures are homogeneous. Datadriven
models could constraints these, even if they are generally built up taking into only the
predisposing factors of shallow instabilities, allowing to estimate only the susceptibility of a
territory, without considering the frequency of the triggering events. It is then required to consider
also triggering factors of shallow landslides to allow these methods to estimate also the
probability of occurrence and, then, the hazard. This work presents the development and the
implementation of data-driven model able to assses the spatio-temporal probability of occurrence
of shallow landslides in large areas by means of a data-driven technique. The model is based on
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Technique (MARS), that links geomorphological, hydrological,
geological and land use predisposing factors to triggering factors of shallow failures. These
triggering factors correspond to soil saturation degree and rainfall amounts, which are available
for entire a study area thanks to satellite measures. The methodological approach is testing in
30-40 km2 wide catchments of Oltrepò Pavese hilly area (northern Italy), where detailed
inventories of shallow landslides occurred during past triggering events and corresponding
satellite soil moisture and rainfall maps are available. This work was made in the frame of the
ANDROMEDA project, funded by Fondazione Cariplo
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE COMPARISON BETWEEN EMPIRICAL AND PHYSICALLY-BASED RAINFALL THRESHOLDS FOR SHALLOW LANDSLIDES OCCURRENCE
No full textRainfall induced shallow landslides are hazardous
phenomena causing significant damages all over the world.
Rainfall thresholds are the most used tool to predict the
occurrence of such instabilities over large areas. Most of these
thresholds are empirical, basing on past rainfall events
triggered landslides. These present several limitations, due to
the amount and the uncertainty of available data and neglecting
antecedent soil hydrological conditions. Physically-based
thresholds could take into account also for soil hydrological
responses towards rainfalls. Thus, this work aimed to compare
both these typologies of thresholds, reconstructed for a 250 km2
area of northern Italian Apennines prone to shallow
landsliding. Preliminary results of this research show the
significant differences between thresholds reconstructed by
means of different approaches. Empirical threshold estimates a
lower triggering cumulated amount of rainfall than the values
for physically-based thresholds, considering the same duration
of rainfall event. Antecedent pore water pressure conditions
have significant effects on reconstructed threshold, reducing
the amount of rainfall leading to instabilities according to
conditions approaching soil complete saturation. These
preliminary results will be improved in order to create
threshold useful for early warning strategies
Empirical and Physically Based Thresholds for the Occurrence of Shallow Landslides in a Prone Area of Northern Italian Apennines
No full textRainfall thresholds define the conditions leading to the triggering of shallow landslides
over wide areas. They can be empirical, which exploit past rainfall data and landslide inventories, or
physicallybased, which integrate slope physical–hydrological modeling and stability analyses. In this
work, a comparison between these two types of thresholds was performed, using data acquired in
Oltrepò Pavese (Northern Italian Apennines), to evaluate their reliability. Empirical thresholds were
reconstructed based on rainfalls and landslides triggering events collected from 2000 to 2018. The same
rainfall events were implemented in a physicallybased model of a representative testsite, considering
dierent antecedent pore-water pressures, chosen according to the analysis of hydrological monitoring
data. Thresholds validation was performed, using an external dataset (August 1992–August 1997).
Soil hydrological conditions have a primary role on predisposing or preventing slope failures. In
Oltrepò Pavese area, cold and wet months are the most susceptible periods, due to the permanence of
saturated or close-to-saturation soil conditions. The lower the pore-water pressure is at the beginning
of an event, the higher the amount of rain required to trigger shallow failures is. physicallybased
thresholds provide a better reliability in discriminating the events which could or could not trigger
slope failures than empirical thresholds. The latter provide a significant number of false positives,
due to neglecting the antecedent soil hydrological conditions. These results represent a fundamental
basis for the choice of the best thresholds to be implemented in a reliable earlywarning system
Integrating Satellite Soil Moisture and Rainfall Data on a Data-Driven Model for the Assessment of Shallow Landslides Hazard
No full textShallow landslides are very dangerous phenomena, widespread all over the world, which
could provoke significant damages to buildings, roads, facilities, cultivations and, sometimes, loss
of human lives. It is then necessary assessing the most prone zones in a territory which is
particularly susceptible to these phenomena and the frequency of the events, according to the return
time of the triggering events, which generally correspond to intense and concentrated rainfalls.
Susceptibility and hazard of a territory are usually assessed by means of physically-based models,
that quantify the hydrological and the mechanical responses of the slopes according to particular
rainfall amounts. Whereas, these methodologies could be applied in a reliable way in little
catchments, where geotechnical and hydrological features of the materials affected by shallow
failures are homogeneous. Moreover, physically-based models require, sometimes, significant
computation power, which limit their implementations at regional scale. Data-driven models could
overcome both of these limitations, even if they are generally built up taking into only the
predisposing factors of shallow instabilities. Thus, they allow usually to estimate the susceptibility
of a territory, without considering the frequency of the triggering events. It is then required to
consider also triggering factors of shallow landslides to allow these methods to estimate also the
hazard. This work presents the preliminary results of the development and the implementation of
data-driven model able to estimate the hazard of a territory towards shallow landslides. The model
is based on a Genetic Algorithm Model (GAM), which links geomorphological, hydrological,
geological and land use predisposing factors to triggering factors of shallow failures. These
triggering factors correspond to the soil moisture content and to the rainfall amounts, which are
available for entire a study area thanks to satellite measures. The methodological approach is testing
in different catchments of 30–40 km2 located in Oltrepò Pavese area (northern Italy), where detailed
inventories of shallow landslides occurred during past triggering events and corresponding satellite
soil moisture and rainfall maps are available. This work was made in the frame of the
ANDROMEDA project, funded by Fondazione Cariplo
Abbassare a dodici anni la soglia dell’imputabilità? Uno scambio di opinioni in tema di imputabilità minorile alla luce della recente proposta di legge
No full textLo scorso 7 febbraio, è stata presentata alla Camera dei Deputati una proposta di legge (A.C. 1580 - Cantalamessa ed altri) volta a modificare l’attuale formulazione dell’art. 97 c.p. nel senso di ridurre il limite di età per l’imputabilità del soggetto minorerenne da quattordici a dodici anni. Affrontare una questione di straordinaria delicatezza quale è quella oggetto della presente proposta di legge richiede, a nostro avviso, l’adozione di un approccio integrato, suscettibile di mettere in relazione le opportune valutazioni di tipo penalistico e criminologico con le indicazioni provenienti da diversi campi del sapere extragiuridici. Pertanto, abbiamo chiesto un gruppo di esperti in svariate materie (dal diritto, alla criminologia, alla filosofia, alla semiotica, alla psicologia, alla psicoanalisi, alle neuroscienze e alle scienze computazionali) di condividere, ciascuno con riferimento al proprio settore di competenza, le proprie riflessioni in materia di imputabilità degli adolescenti e dei preadolescenti a partire dalla citata posposta di legge. Abbiamo sottoposto a tutti gli intervistati i medesimi quesiti, ossia: i) dal Suo punto vista professionale, ritiene che sia sensato abbassare la soglia di imputabilità penale del minorenne autore di reato da 14 anni (soglia attuale) a 12 anni? Perché?; ii) nel caso in cui la proposta dovesse tradursi in legge, quali sono, dal punto di vista scientifico, i possibili rischi o, viceversa, i vantaggi (a seconda della risposta data in precedenza) della sua entrata in vigore? iii) Eventuali suggerimenti in proposito?. Il presente documento contiene una sintesi ragionata delle risposte ricevute e delle considerazioni formulate dai nostri intervistati.Abstract. On February 7, a bill was proposed to the Italian Chamber of Deputies (A.C. 1580 - Cantalamessa ed altri), with the aim of modifying the current formulation of art. 97 c.p. by reducing the age limit for culpability from fourteen to twelve years. We believe that discussing such a delicate matter requires the adoption of an integrated approach that may allow to juxtapose criminal law considerations with indications from extrajudicial sciences. We therefore asked a pool of experts of various disciplines (law, criminology, philosophy, semiotics, psychology, psychoanalysis, neurosciences, computational sciences) to share their insights on the culpability of teenagers and pre-teens, starting from the aforementioned bill. We asked the pool a set of questions: ii) from your point of view, do you deem it reasonable to lower the limit for criminal culpability from 14 years (the current limit) to 12? Why? ii) should the bill be approved, what are, from a scientific perspective, the possible risks or advantages (depending on the previous answer) of it being enacted? iii) Any suggestion on the matter? The present document contains a curated synopsis of the answers and insights of our interviewees
Rileggendo Pierre Carlier: Odisseo tiranno?
No full textThe paper arises from a careful lecture of many works of Pierre Carlier, especially the Homer (Fayard, 1999), where the scholar states that the ideology of the Odyssey announces in some ways the tyrannical ideology. In a close dialogue with the author, I have passed in review the elements of the extraordinary basileia of Odysseus, especially the sphere of justice, and I went through the ending of the Odyssey, which I define a kind of prophecy about the future of Greek history for the presence of new concepts: amnesty, peace and wealth. The role of Odysseus at the end of the poem prefigures that of historical tyrants because it represents the case of a sovereignty reached by personal merit: an emblematic case that had been identified by the political thought of Aristotle
Preliminary results on the comparison between empirical and phisically-based rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides occurrence
No full textRainfall induced shallow landslides are hazardous phenomena causing significant damages all over the world. Rainfall thresholds are the most used tool to predict the occurrence of such instabilities over large areas. Most of these thresholds are empirical, basing on past rainfall events triggered landslides. These present several limitations, due to the amount and the uncertainty of available data and neglecting antecedent soil hydrological conditions. Physically-based thresholds could take into account also for soil hydrological responses towards rainfalls. Thus, this work aimed to compare both these typologies of thresholds, reconstructed for a 250 km2 area of northern Italian Apennines prone to shallow landsliding. Preliminary results of this research show the significant differences between thresholds reconstructed by means of different approaches. Empirical threshold estimates a lower triggering cumulated amount of rainfall than the values for physically-based thresholds, considering the same duration of rainfall event. Antecedent pore water pressure conditions have significant effects on reconstructed threshold, reducing the amount of rainfall leading to instabilities according to conditions approaching soil complete saturation. These preliminary results will be improved in order to create threshold useful for early warning strategies
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Cyclophosphazenes Containing Oxazoline Groups: The Case of Hexakis(4‐oxazolinophenoxy)cyclophosphazene
No full textEvaluation of left ventricular overload and use of unloading techniques in venoarterial extracorporeal life support: a nationwide survey
No full textTwo novel and one known mutation of the TGFBR2 gene in Marfan syndrome not associated with FBN1 gene defects
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