13 research outputs found
Implementation of support measures for 4th grade students in the special primary education program with learning disabilities
No full textBakalaura darba autore ir Ramina Skuja, tēma ir “Atbalsta pasākumu īstenošana 4. klasē izglītojamiem speciālās pamatizglītības programmā ar mācīšanās traucējumiem”. Tēma ir aktuāla, jo arvien vairāk Latvijas vispārizglītojošās skolās tiek īstenotas speciālās pamatizglītības programmas. Tā ir iespēja arvien vairāk bērniem mācīties vispārējā skolā, tādējādi veicināt iekļaujošo izglītību, mazinot bērnu, kuriem ir speciālās vajadzībās, atstumšanu sabiedrībā, ļaujot viņiem iegūt izglītību atbilstoši viņu individuālajām vajadzībām. Neskatoties uz to, ka katram skolēnam, kurš mācās pēc speciālās pamatizglītības programmas, tiek piešķirti dažādi atbalsta pasākumi, tiek izveidots individuālais plāns, gan skolas kopumā, gan skolotāji saskaras ar dažādām grūtībām. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir teorētiski un praktiski izpētīt atbalsta pasākumu īstenošanu izglītojamiem ar mācīšanās traucējumiem speciālās pamatizglītības programmā. Darba autore izvirzīja divus bakalaura darba pētījuma jautājumus: 1.Kādi atbalsta pasākumi skolēniem tiek piemēroti, saskaņā ar atzinumu un individuālo plānu, kā tie tiek īstenoti mācību procesā? 2.Kā notiek atbalsta pasākumu izvērtēšana un pilnveide? Pētījuma rezultātā ir identificētas problēmas, kas norāda uz to ka, lai veicinātu iekļaujošo izglītību, visām iesaistītajām pusēm ir jābūt vienotai izpratnei un pieejai par to, kā palīdzēt bērniem ar speciālām vajadzībām. Bērniem ar mācīšanās traucējumiem ir pieejams plašs atbalsta pasākumu klāsts, kā arī individuālās nodarbības ar pedagogu, taču ar to nav pietiekami, jo skolotājiem trūkst resursu, reāla atbalsta un izpratnes, kā strādāt ar šādiem bērniem. Ir vajadzīga atbalsta sistēma ne tikai bērniem ar mācīšanās traucējumiem, bet arī skolotājiem un skolām, lai īstenotu iekļaujošo izglītību. Bakalaura darbs sastāv no trīs nodaļām, trešā nodaļa ir par veikto pētījumu, kurā tika aptaujāti 30 sākumskolas skolēni un tika vēroti sniegtie atbalsta pasākumi 6 mācību stundās. Bakalaura darbā pētījumā izmantoti 5 attēli (diagrammas), 6 tabulas gadījumu aprakstu analīzei. Bakalaura darba izstrādei ir izmantoti 36 literatūras avoti. Bakalaura darbam ir 59 lappuses, ieskaitot 2 pielikumus.The author of the bachelor's thesis is Ramina Skuja, the topic is "Implementation of support measures for 4th grade students in the special primary education program with learning disabilities". The topic is relevant, because more and more Latvian general education schools are implementing a special primary education program. It is an opportunity for more and more children to attend general education school, to promote inclusive education in order to reduce the exclusion of children with special needs in society, allowing them to obtain education according to their individual needs. Despite the fact that each pupil in a special primary education program has got different support measures, an individual plan is developed - schools and teachers face different difficulties. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to study theoretically and practically the implementation of support measures for students with learning disabilities in the special primary education program. The author of the dissertation raised two questions of the bachelor's thesis research: 1. What support measures are applied to students according to the opinion and the individual plan, how are they implemented in the learning process? 2. How are support measures evaluated and improved? The research has identified problems that suggest that in order to promote inclusive education, all parties involved need to have a common understanding and approach helping children with special needs. There is a wide range of support measures available for children with learning disabilities, as well as individual lessons with a teacher, but this is not enough, as teachers lack the resources, real support and understanding of how to work with such children. A support system is needed not only for children with learning disabilities, but also for teachers and schools to implement inclusive education. The bachelor's thesis consists of three chapters, the third chapter is about the research, in which 30 primary school students were interviewed and the support measures provided in 6 lessons were observed. In the bachelor's thesis, 5 figures (diagrams) and 6 tables were used for the analysis of case descriptions. 36 literature sources have been used for the development of the bachelor's thesis. The bachelor's thesis consists of 59 pages, including 2 appendixes
Electromyographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Muscles Activity After High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Procedure and Electrical Stimulation in Women With Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
No full textIntroduction: Impaired coordination, relaxation, and atrophy of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) may cause various health issues referred to as pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). In recent years, electromagnetic noninvasive stimulation of the pelvic floor was successfully used to treat PFD symptoms. Aim: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of electrical and magnetic noninvasive stimulation for the treatment of PFD in postpartum women. Methods: 2 intervention groups treated with high-intensity focused electromagnetic ([HIFEM]; G1) procedure and electrical stimulation (G2) were established along with the control group (G3). Patients received 10 therapies delivered at the hospital (G1; 2–3 times per week) or self-administered at home (G2; every other day) after initial training. The protocol was identical for both modalities. Functionality of the PFM was examined by surface electromyography measurements (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]; mean MVC; muscle activity at rest; endurance of contraction) while patient's subjective perception of pelvic floor functionality was assessed by Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire–Short Form 7 (PFIQ-7) standardized questionnaire. Changes in electromyography values and PFIQ-7 scores were statistically evaluated from baseline to after all treatments. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure was enhancement of PFM activity. Results: In total, 95 patients (G1 = 50; G2 = 25; G3 = 20) participated in the study. The MVC, mean MVC, and endurance were lowered in symptomatic patients. After the treatments, these parameters significantly increased (P <.001) and moved toward the values of healthy population. Electrogenesis at relaxation revealed divergent tendencies in the G1 and G2 groups. PFIQ-7 scores significantly improved in treated patients (P <.001). In general, superior results were documented in the HIFEM group as it reached improvement of electromyography parameters from 48% to 59% (electrical stimulation from 7% to 36%) and similarly the improvement of PFIQ-7 score by 57% (electrical stimulation by 32%). Conclusion: This study documented that the HIFEM procedure was significantly more effective than electrical stimulation in treatment of PFD in postpartum women. Both the objective and subjective evaluation indicates more profound effects of magnetic stimulation. Elena S, Dragana Z, Ramina S, et al. Electromyographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Muscles Activity After High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Procedure and Electrical Stimulation in Women With Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. Sex Med 2020;8:282–289. © 2020 The Author
Reasoned judgments in the rule of law: realizing legal certainty
No full textEste trabalho trata do papel desempenhado pelo dever de motivação das decisões judiciais na realização do Estado de Direito e, consequentemente, dos princípios da segurança jurídica e do devido processo legal. Partindo de uma concepção fina do Estado de Direito, busca-se demonstrar, inclusive mediante dados históricos, que a motivação das decisões judiciais é fundamental ao controle da atividade jurisdicional, reduzindo o arbítrio e o subjetivismo a que todo exercício de poder está sujeito. Para que a motivação possa desempenhar tal função, deve ser dotada de algumas características essenciais, que incluem: racionalidade, estrutura lógico-argumentativa e natureza declaratória e retrospectiva; cada uma delas estudada especificamente. Em relação à promoção da segurança jurídica, explica-se que apenas decisões motivadas são aptas a gerar precedentes judiciais, cuja observância é fundamental para se proporcionar estabilidade e previsibilidade ao ordenamento jurídico. Além disso, defende-se que as razões dadas pelos órgãos judiciais para a tomada de decisões geram expectativas legítimas no jurisdicionado que devem ser tuteladas.This essay faces the role performed by obligatory reasoned judgments in the Rule of Law and its consequences to legal certainty and due process of law. Accepting a thin theory of the Rule of Law, the author intends to show, through the appointment of historical facts, that giving reasons for judgments is essential to control the jurisdictional activity and restrict the arbitrary power. Giving reasons, however, shall only attend its expected role if some exigencies are fulfilled, including: rationality, logical-argumentative structure and declaratory and retrospective nature of the reasons given. The author also explains that judgments may not be precedents if they are not reasoned; and following precedents is essential to assure legal certainty. Besides that, it is sustained that reasoned judgments generate legitimate expectations to the citizens that should be protected
Liberty in litigation: private interests and the public nature of civil procedure
No full textEste trabalho propõe duas teses. A primeira tese é que existem no Direito Processual Civil brasileiro diversas hipóteses de disponibilidade processual e procedimental que não são estudadas e enfrentadas de forma sistemática, embora decorram de um mesmo fundamento principiológico e consistam, todas elas, em manifestações da liberdade processual das partes. A segunda tese é que todas essas hipóteses de disponibilidade processual devem ser agrupadas sob a regência do princípio dispositivo devidamente redimensionado. São então estudadas concretamente algumas das manifestações de disponibilidade processual, sempre com o intuito de compatibilizá-las com a natureza pública da função jurisdicional, a eventual indisponibilidade de direitos sobre os quais versa o processo e o respeito a direitos e interesses juridicamente protegidos de terceiros.The author presents two theses. The first thesis is that there are, in Brazilian civil procedure, several situations in which the parties may act according to their private autonomy that do not receive a systematical approach by the doctrine, although these situations derive from the same principle and represent, all of them, acts of procedural liberty. The second thesis is that all these situations of procedural liberty should be grouped together under the rule of a renewed principle of party-presentation. Once established these theses, then some of the manifestations of the parties\' procedural liberty are studied in order to make them compatible with the public nature of civil procedure
Factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in women
No full textBakalaura darba tēma „Apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas attīstības ietekmējošie faktori sievietēm”. Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas attīstības ietekmējošos faktorus sievietēm. Izvirzīta hipotēze ir: būtiskākie apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas attīstības ietekmējošie faktori sievietēm ir grūtniecība, iedzimtība un ilgstoša slodze stāvot vai sēžot. Pētījuma uzdevumi ir: izvērtēt apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas incidenci, analizēt zinātnisko literatūru par apakšējo ekstremitāšu hronisko vēnu mazspēju attīstību un tās ietekmējošiem faktoriem sievietēm, izvērtēt apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas primāros simptomus un iespējamos profilakses pasākumus sievietēm, izveidot pētījuma instrumentu – aptaujas anketu, apkopot un analizēt iegūtos rezultātus, izdarīt secinājumus par iegūtajiem datiem. Darbs sastāv no divām daļām – teorētiskās un empīriskās. Lai sasniegtu pētījumā izvirzīto mērķi un pierādītu pētījuma hipotēzi, autore pielietoja kvantitatīvo pētniecības metodi, izmantojot pētniecības instrumentu – aptaujas anketu. Teorētiskajā daļā tika veikta literatūras analīze par D. Oremas pašaprūpes vajadzību teorijas pielietojumu saistībā ar hroniskas vēnozas mazspējas ietekmējošiem faktoriem sievietēm, apakšējo ekstremitāšu venozās sistēmas anatomiju, hroniskas vēnu mazspējas patogēnēze un etioloģiju, ietekmējošiem faktoriem, klasifikāciju, diagnostiku, ārstēšanas veidiem. Empīriskā daļā uzrādīti pētījuma rezultāti, kas attēloti diagrammās un veikta šo rezultātu analīze. Izvērtējot pētījuma datus, var secināt, ka hipotēze ir apstiprinājusies. Būtiskākie apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas attīstības ietekmējošie faktori sievietēm ir grūtniecība, iedzimtība un ilgstoša slodze stāvot vai sēžot. Atslēgvārdi: apakšējo ekstremitāšu hroniskas vēnu mazspējas, ietekmējošie faktori, sievietes, ārstēšana, profilakse. Darbā tika izmantoti 45 literatūras avoti latviešu, angļu un krievu valodā.The topic of the bachelor's thesis is "Factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in women". The aim of the study was to determine the factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in women. The hypothesis is that the most important factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in women are pregnancy, heredity and prolonged exercise while standing or sitting. The tasks of the research are: to evaluate the incidence of lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency, to analyze the scientific literature on the development of lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency and its influencing factors in women, to evaluate the primary symptoms of chronic lower extremity venous insufficiency and possible prevention measures in women, establish a survey questionnaire for the study tools, summarize and to analyse the results obtained, to draw conclusions on the data obtained. The work consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical. In order to achieve the goal set in the research and to prove the research hypothesis, the author used a quantitative research method using a research tool - a questionnaire. In the theoretical part, the literature analysis on the application of D. Orema's theory of self-care needs in relation to the factors influencing chronic venous insufficiency in women, the anatomy of the venous system of lower extremities, the pathogenesis and etiology of chronic venous insufficiency, influencing factors, classification, diagnostics. In the empirical part the results of the research are presented in the diagrams and the analysis of these results is performed. Evaluating the research data, it can be concluded that the hypothesis has been confirmed. The most important factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in women are pregnancy, heredity, prolonged exercise while standing or sitting. Keywords: chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremities, influencing factors, women, treatment, prevention. The work used 45 sources of literature in Latvian, English and Russian
Modificação na tecnica de reconstrução da base do cranio, em cirurgias do forame jugular e da região petroclival, com retalhos musculares
No full textOrientadores : Donizeti Cesar Honorato, Antonio Guilherme Borges NetoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: Nos últimos 20 anos, o tratamento de tumores ou de doenças cirúrgicas da base do crânio sofreu um grande desenvolvimento, graças ao aparecimento de novos métodos diagnósticos e ao aprimoramento de novas técnicas cirúrgicas. O trabalho conjunto de médicos de diferentes especialidades permite melhor compreensão dos processos patológicos que afetam essa região e oferece melhores possibilidades de tratamento. A fistula liquórica é uma das complicações mais freqüentes e temidas nessas cirurgias.
Esse problema é relacionado ao tipo de acesso cirúrgico utilizado, ocorrendo mais freqüentemente em lesões do andar anterior e do andar posterior, devido ao comprometimento de cavidades aéreas da base do crânio como os seios paranasais e a mastóide. Alterações estéticas com deformações resultantes da remoção óssea ou rotação de retalhos musculares e o aparecimento de encefaloceles são outras complicações observadas. Esses problemas são na maioria das vezes relacionados à técnica cirúrgica empregada e à reconstrução inadequada do defeito ocasionado pela abordagem cirúrgica. o objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar uma técnica de reconstrução da base posterior do crânio em cirurgias envolvendo lesões da região do forame jugular e da região petroclival. Pretendemos demonstrar a eficácia desta modificação na técnica cirúrgica, na
prevenção de fistulas liquóricas, na obtenção de excelentes resultados estéticos e na prevenção do aparecimento de encefaloceles. Essa técnica de reconstrução da base do crânio foi desenvolvida pelo autor em colaboração com o otorrinolaringologista, Prof. Dr. João J. Maniglia. Muitos desses tumores necessitam uma ampla exposição cirúrgica que facilite a remoção radical e o controle das importantes estruturas sculo-nervosas destas regiões. Essa exposição cirúrgica implica em remoção óssea extensa, muitas vezes com exérese da dura-máter infiltrada. Além do grande defeito cirúrgico resultante na maioria dos casos, existe uma comunicação com células da mastóide favorecendo o aparecimento de fistula liquórica, pois o fechamento hermético da dura-máter muitas vezes não é possível. A reconstrução da base do crânio torna-se, assim,
muito importante. Observando-se que os resultados da literatura, quando se utiliza técnicas convencionais de reconstrução (rotação de retalho do músculo estemocleidomastóideo), implante de enxertos de gordura abdominal, ou mesmo, enxertos miocutâneos com anastomose vasculares, são muitas vezes insatisfatórios, procuramos desenvolver urna técnica cirúrgica visando melhorar os resultados. Desenvolvemos em nosso serviço urna reconstrução da base do crânio da fossa posterior utilizando retalhos do músculo temporal e das fascias temporal e crânio-cervical (pediculadas no músculo estemoc1eidomastóideo e na musculatura posterior do pescoço). Esta técnica de reconstrução foi utilizada na cirurgia de 66 pacientes com tumores da região do forame jugular e em 29 pacientes com tumores da região petroclival, no período de 1987 a 2001. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada e os resultados obtidos são demonstrados e comparados com a literaturaAbstract: The treatment ofskull base pathologies was improved in the Iast 20 years due to the development of new diagnostic methods and surgical techniques. The join efforts of different specialties enlarged the surgical field increasing the potential for postoperative complications. Cerebral spinal fluid fistula is the most :&equentand feared complication of skull base surgery. Usually this complication is related to the surgical procedure. It is more common in anterior and posterior skull base due to their anatomical relation to the paranasal sinuses and mastoid cavity. Aesthetic changes and encephaloceles produced by bone removal or muscular flap rotation are :&equent1yobserved. These problems are in the majority of cases produced by the inadequate reconstruction ofthe skull base defect. The objective of this thesis is to present a new technique of reconstruction of
the posterior skull base in surgeries of jugular foramen and petroclival lesions in the prevention of CSF fistulas and encephaloceles with improved aesthetic results. This new reconstruction technique was developed by the author in collaboration with J. Maniglia, M.D. (otorhinolaryngologist), replacing previous surgical procedures used to repair the posterior skull base. To achieve radical tumor removal with control of the important neurovascular
structures of this region a wide surgical approach is needed. The resulting large surgical defect associated to removal ofthe infiltrated duramater, with possible communication with the middle ear or mastoid air space, increases the potential for CSF fistula. Adequate reconstruction of the cranial base is of vital importance in these cases. According to a review of the literature the conventional reconstruction techniques with muscular flaps
rotation, abdominal fat implants or even myocutaneous grafts with vascular anastomosis may be inadequate concerning prevention of CSF leaks and cosmetic results. We developeda new surgicalstrategy for reconstructionof the posterior skull . base using vascularized flaps of temporal muscle and a flap of the temporalis and cervical fascia with the periosteum of the mastoid region pedicled on the stemocleidomastoid
muscle. This technique of reconstruction was used in 66 patients with jugular foramen lesions and in 29 patients with petroclival tumors :&om1987 to 2001DoutoradoDoutor em Ciências Médica
Czego możemy dowiedzieć się od foliówki? «Plastic Bag» Ramina Bahraniego w świetle metodologii performatycznych
No full textThis article considers the performative aspects of environmental narratives, based on the example of the cultural image of the plastic bag. In contemporary culture, disposable plastic bags have become a symbol of the collective guilt related to the role of plastics in the environmental catastrophe. Their perception is affected by various environmental narratives and social campaigns, in which the image of a plastic bag is to evoke fear, aversion, anger, or disgust, reinforcing the view of plastic as an unnatural material that pollutes the planet. The effectiveness of these narratives is limited, as the number of plastic bags in the environment continues to increase. The author explores the possibility of imagining other, less anthropocentric and potentially more effective modes of relating to single-use plastic. She uses performative methods to analyze the short film Plastic Bag (dir. Ramin Bahrani, 2009). Her interpretation draws mainly on Jane Bennett’s concept of vital materialism and Timothy Morton’s dark ecology to focus on the agency of plastic bags in various settings and offer a different perspective on their potential roles in more-than-human relationships
Arbitragem de investimentos e princípios do direito ambiental: precaução e poluidor-pagador podem exercer papel na interpretação de padrões de tratamento a investidores?
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2015.Esta dissertação enfrenta a problemática ambiental no direito internacional dos investimentos. Inicialmente, traça-se um panorama da construção histórica do direito internacional dos investimentos e do impacto do imperialismo na formação de suas normas. Na sequência, são analisados os desdobramentos da crise de legitimidade do regime internacional de proteção ao capital estrangeiro e uma das respostas oferecidas pela comunidade internacional a essa crise: o recente movimento de aproximação entre o direito dos investimentos e outros sistemas de direito público, notadamente o direito ambiental. A partir desse aporte teórico, o trabalho busca extrair da jurisprudência arbitral respostas a dois questionamentos centrais: i) o princípio da precaução pode servir de fundamento para a adoção de medidas restritivas que, destinadas à diminuição ou à eliminação de riscos ambientais, sejam contrárias a eventual promessa ou garantia extracontratual formulada pelo Estado receptor quanto à estabilidade de seu ambiente regulatório? ii) a doutrina dos efeitos (?sole effect doctrine?) é compatível com as particularidades da regulação ambiental, notadamente com o princípio do poluidor-pagador? A análise dos precedentes revela que os referidos princípios, que imprimem força normativa a valores caros à comunidade internacional, podem exercer papel na interpretação de standards de proteção de investimentos, respondendo aos desafios impostos pelo inerente déficit democrático da arbitragem investidor-Estado.Abstract : This thesis addresses the environmental question within international investment law. For starters, the author analyses the historical development of investment law and the impact of imperialism in the creation of standards of investment protection. Then the author examines the outcomes of the legitimacy crisis the investment regime is currently undergoing and one of the responses offered by the international community: the connection between investment law and other public law systems, notably environmental law. In the light of this theoretical foundation, this dissertation aims at obtaining from the arbitral jurisprudence answers for two crucial questions: i) Can the precautionary principle legally justify the adoption of restrictive measures designed to avoid or mitigate environmental risks but contrary to non-contractual guaranties of stability made by the host state? ii) Is the ?sole effect doctrine? offer consistent with the idiosyncrasies of environmental regulation, notably with the polluter-pays principle? The case-law evinces that the aforementioned principles, that assign normative force to important values for the international community, may have a role to play in the interpretation of investment standards, addressing the challenges posed by the inherent democratic deficit of investor-state arbitration
Scientific studies in Europe: An issue for VET. Vocational Training No. 35, May-August 2005
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