1,720,981 research outputs found
Un fastidio inevitabile. La storiografia italiana dell'ultimo decennio sulla censura nella prima Età Moderna (secoli XVI-XVII). Alcune note
Full text linkNegli ultimi anni la storiografia italiana ha registrato una discreta attenzione al fenomeno della censura in epoca moderna, in particolar modo concentrandosi sul rapporto esistente tra gli Indici emanati dalla Chiesa e la società italiana. Sono qui analizzate e confrontate diverse monografie che a partire dal 2005 hanno trattato l’argomento rispetto ai secoli XVI-XVII, per delineare la direzione e le tendenze dell’indagine storica odierna. Si offre una rassegna comparata dei lavori di G. Fragnito, U. Rozzo, V. Frajese, F. Barbierato, E. Rebellato, M. Sabato, M. Cavarzere, S. Landi, R. Savelli, M. Infelise. Caduti alcuni schemi che avevano affetto la ricerca durante il ‘900, gli studiosi si sono aperti all’analisi seguendo forme nuove e dando risalto a particolari prima poco analizzati, come il processo di formazione dei diversi Indici, il rapporto con i poteri politici della penisola, le divergenze all’interno delle Congregazioni e l’effettiva incidenza che ebbero le proibizioni su diversi strati sociali del paese. Il centro dell’attenzione è spesso rivolto alla fase di ‘normalizzazione’ della situazione piuttosto che a quella della repressione violenta cinquecentesca; un posto particolare è riservato allo studio dei meccanismi istituzionali e al funzionamento della censura. Molto ribadita è la suddivisione in classi di lettori, con gradi di libertà differenti. Si sono notate due tendenze generali nei testi: una che descrive l’impegno delle strutture censorie come progetto unitario e coerente di controllo della società; l’altra che invece mostra le fratture all’interno della stessa Chiesa negli obiettivi e nei modi della censura. Si auspica una maggiore apertura alla storiografia straniera, il confronto con la quale potrebbe fornire apporti determinanti agli studi italiani; l’apertura potrebbe essere estesa anche ad altri rami della storia, non solo a quella del libro. In appendice si trova l’elenco delle monografie italiane analizzate.In the last years Italian historiography has paid a pretty fair attention to the issue of censorship in Modern Age, especially by focusing on the relationship between the Indexes (Indici) of the Catholic Church and the Italian society. A few monographs, which since 2005 have started to deal with the topic related to 16th and 17th centuries, are here analyzed and compared to outline the directions and trends of the current historical research. This study presents a comparative review of the works of G. Fragnito, U. Rozzo, V. Frajese, F. Barbierato, E. Rebellato, M. Sabato, M. Cavarzere, S. Landi, R. Savelli, M. Infelise. Abandoned some fixed schemes that affected research in the 1900s, historians have opened up new paths to study the subject. This new approach highlights details not so deeply investigated before, such as the formation process of creating different Indici, the relationship with political powers in the Italian peninsula, the divergences within Congregations and the impact that proibitions had on the different social classes of the country. Attention has often been focused on the 'normalisation' phase rather than on violent repression occured in 16th century. A special place is here given to the study of the institutional system and the functioning of censorship. The classification of the reading public according to different levels of freedom is as well widely stressed. In the texts two mainstream tendencies have been noticed: the former describes the effort of the censorship structures conceived as a single coherent project to keep society under control; the latter instead, aims to show the divisions inside the Church itself about the goals and methods to follow for the censorship. It is expected therefore a greater openness to foreign historiography that could give important contributions and strength to Italian studies; the opening may also be extended to other history branches and not only those related to books. All the Italian monographs analyzed are enlisted in the appendix
LA CROCE DEI MERCANTI. GENOVA, VENEZIA E LA CROCIATA MEDITERRANEA NELLA SECONDA META' DEL TRECENTO
No full textLa tesi è rivolta all’indagine dell’ideale crociato nel contesto veneziano e genovese durante la seconda metà del XIV secolo: il richiamo della crociata è un metro indicativo per approfondire la mentalità e la situazione dei ceti mercantili nel mondo mediterraneo. Ho indagato le reazioni umane e psicologiche alla «crisi del Trecento», analizzando i mutamenti subiti dall’idea di crociata, il cambio di obiettivi, partecipanti e attrattiva: la crociata non sembra più un oggetto in grado di rispondere alle esigenze spirituali del momento. È stata indagata la percezione della crociata e gli atteggiamenti di genovesi e veneziani, tra attrattiva e indifferenza. Ho approfondito la contrazione economico-navale dei due centri, la mutata sensibilità delle cronache, il distacco mentale dall’Oriente, il sentimento del pericolo turco, il cambio nella religiosità e l’inquietudine percepita negli ambienti marittimi. Ho indagato la frontiera del Mediterraneo orientale e la reale partecipazione di genovesi e veneziani alle crociate trecentesche, mostrando la condotta pragmatica dei mercanti. Genovesi e veneziani non sembrano dediti solo al guadagno, senza una spinta ideale: molti privati partecipano alle spedizioni crociate. Tuttavia essi erano coscienti della complessità della realtà e soggetti a nuove difficoltà, dunque la loro risposta era molto più cauta.The thesis analyzes the impact of the Crusader ideal in the Venetian and Genoese context during the second half of the fourteenth century. The call for the Later Crusades seems an indicative case for delving into the mentality and situation of the merchant classes in the Mediterranean world. I investigated the human and psychological reactions to the “crisis”, analyzing the changes undergone by the idea of Crusade in objectives, participants and attraction: the Crusade no longer seemed to be capable of responding to the spiritual needs. The attitudes of Genoese and Venetians were then investigated, between attraction and indifference. It is analyzed the economic and naval contraction of the two centers, the changed sensitivity, the mental detachment from the East, the feeling of Turkish danger, the changes in religiosity and the anxiety perceived. Finally, I investigated the Eastern Mediterranean frontier and the real participation of Genoese and Venetians in the fourteenth-century Crusades, showing the pragmatic behavior of merchants. Genoese and Venetians did not seem to be only dedicated to profit and devoid of an idealistic drive: many private individuals participated in the Crusade expeditions. However, they were aware of the complexity of reality and were subjects to new difficulties
Impact of uncertainties on the safety performances of the LBE-XADS concept nuclear reactor
No full textThe demonstration of large operative safety margins is the fundamental requirement for the transition of new generation nuclear reactors from the early concept phase to the initial industrial design one. In order to do so, it is necessary to perform a thorough characterization of the uncertainties affecting the models used for describing the physical behavior of the reactors and to quantify their impact on the safety performances of the plant, typically in terms of the probability of occurrence of deviations from the nominal, or design, operative conditions, often referred to as failure probabilities (reliability analysis). Conceptually, this problem can be solved by framing the problem within a stochastic setting and propagating the uncertainties, represented by suitable probability distributions, by resorting to sampling-based, Monte Carlo (MC) schemes. However, the high reliability of these plants and the complexity of the computer codes used to model their behavior are such that standard MC approaches would require prohibitive computational times. Further computational issues then arise due to the fact that the stochastic models adopted, i.e., the probability distributions, are, in turn, affected by uncertainties, typically related to the inference process adopted to estimate their relevant parameters, so that the estimates of the failure probabilities also become uncertain, with potentially significant impacts on any safety-based decision making process. In this context, the objective of this work is that of providing an innovative computational tool for efficiently performing Sobol-based global reliability sensitivity analysis that allows to satisfactorily quantify the impact of these additional uncertainties on the safety performances of innovative nuclear reactors concepts. The method exploits an original adaptive surrogate modeling with MC variance based techniques, in order to reduce the computational efforts while maintaining sufficient degrees of accuracy. The resulting algorithm is demonstrated with reference to a real innovative nuclear reactor concept, i.e., the Lead Bismuth Eutectic eXperimental Accelerator Driven System (LBE-XADS) reactor. The results of the analysis show the potentiality of the method, offering important insights on the robustness of the concept reactor safety design and suggesting possible paths of improvement, at acceptable computational times
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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