75 research outputs found
Growth Gliricidia sepium submitted to different conditions cutting managements in semiarid cearense
No full textObjetivou-se avaliar o crescimento da GlirÃdica sepium submetida a diferentes manejos de corte nas condiÃÃes do semiÃrido cearense. O delineamento estatÃstico utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas constaram de quatro frequÃncias de corte (45, 60, 75 e 90 dias) e trÃs alturas de resÃduo (30, 60 e 90 cm) com quatro repetiÃÃes, sendo que a frequÃncia de corte compreendeu a parcela principal e a altura de resÃduo a subparcela. O experimento foi conduzido no municÃpio de Fortaleza, CearÃ. O plantio foi realizado em marÃo de 2010 em espaÃamento de 1,5 m x 1,0 m com Ãrea experimental de 600 m2 e estande com 336 plantas. O corte de uniformizaÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos ocorreu em dezembro de 2010, a partir desta data iniciou-se o perÃodo de avaliaÃÃo que foi de 375 dias a quantidade de cortes variou de acordo com os tratamentos, realizando-se 8, 6, 5 e 4 cortes para os tratamentos com as frequÃncias de corte de 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias, respectivamente. A anÃlise das caracterÃsticas de crescimento da gliricÃdia foi obtida atravÃs da Ãrea foliar especÃfica, Ãndice de Ãrea foliar, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatÃria lÃquida, taxa de crescimento da cultura, diÃmetro do caule ao nÃvel do solo, diÃmetro dos brotos, nÃmero de brotaÃÃo, nÃmero de folhas por broto, altura da planta, relaÃÃo folha/caule, matÃria seca da planta, da folha e do caule, produÃÃo de massa seca de folha e caule por corte e total e produÃÃo de massa de forragem por corte e total. As plantas manejadas com frequÃncia de corte de 90 dias e altura de resÃduo de 90 cm obtiveram maior Ãrea foliar especÃfica e Ãndice de Ãrea foliar com 48,51 cm2.g-1 e 5,54, respectivamente. A maior taxa de crescimento cultural foi de 2,63 g.m-2.dia-1 obtida no manejo de corte com frequÃncia de 45 dias e altura de resÃduo de 90 cm. No mesmo manejo de corte observou-se o valor mÃximo para taxa de crescimento relativo que foi de 0,016 g.g-1.dia-1 e maior taxa assimilatÃria lÃquida com 1,32 g.m-2.dia-1, ambas as taxas foram obtidas no perÃodo do 3Â ao 4Â corte (perÃodo chuvoso). O diÃmetro do broto para o manejo de corte com frequÃncia de 90 dias combinado com altura de resÃduo de 90 cm foi 0,31 cm superior ao diÃmetro do broto no manejo de corte com frequÃncia de 45 dias e altura de resÃduo de 30 cm, apresentando maior diÃmetro de broto de 0,96 cm para o perÃodo das chuvas e de 0,81 cm para o perÃodo seco, obtendo ainda, maior Ãndice de Ãrea foliar no perÃodo das chuvas e seco. O manejo com frequÃncia de corte de 90 dias combinado com altura de resÃduo de 90 cm obteve maior acÃmulo de massa seca de forragem por corte no perÃodo das chuvas e seco com 5,3 e 4,8 t.ha-1, e total com 10,7 e 9,7 t.ha-1, respectivamente. As plantas submetidas a esse mesmo manejo atingiram a maior produÃÃo de massa verde e seca de forragem por corte, com mÃdia de 18,13 t.ha-1 e 5,09 t.ha-1 em cada corte, respectivamente, produzindo 72,52 t.ha-1 de massa verde de forragem total e 20,36 t.ha-1 de massa seca de forragem total. A frequÃncia de corte e altura de resÃduo influenciam o crescimento e produÃÃo da gliricÃdia. A intensidade de corte 90 cm proporciona melhores taxas de crescimento e quando combinada com a frequÃncia de corte de 90 dias ocorre maior produÃÃo de massa de forragem da gliricÃdia.The objective was to evaluate the growth of GlirÃdica sepium under different managements cutting conditions semiarid of CearÃ. The statistical design was a randomized block design with split plots. The plots consisted of four cut off frequencies (45, 60, 75 and 90 days) and three heights residue (30, 60 and 90 cm) with four replications, and the cut off frequency comprised the major portion of the residue height of the subplot. The experiment was conducted in the city of Fortaleza, CearÃ. Planting took place in March 2010 at a spacing of 1.5 m x 1.0 m with an area of 600 m2 and experimental stand with 336 plants. Cutting standardization and application of treatments occurred in December 2010, from this date began the evaluation period of 375 days which was the amount of cuts varied with treatments, performing 8, 6, 5 and 4 cuts for treatments with cut off frequencies of 45, 60, 75 and 90 days, respectively. The analysis of the growth characteristics of Gliricidia was obtained by specific leaf area, leaf area index, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, stem diameter at ground level, diameter of shoots, number of sprouting, number of leaves, plant height, leaf/stem ratio, plant dry matter, leaf and stem dry mass of leaf and stem by cutting and total production of dry matter per cutting and full. Plants managed with cut off frequency of 90 days and a residue height of 90 cm had higher specific leaf area and leaf area index with 48.51 cm2.g-1 and 5.54, respectively. The highest growth rate cultural was 2.63 g.m-2.dia-1 obtained in the management of cutting frequency of 45 days and residue height of 90 cm. At the same management cut off was observed for the maximum relative growth rate which was 0.016 g.g-1.dia-1 and higher net assimilation rate with 1.32 g.m-2.dia-1, both rates were obtained in period of 3Â to 4Â cut (rainy season). The diameter of the bud for handling cut frequently with 90 days combined residue height of 90 cm was 0.31 cm larger than the diameter of the shoot in the management of cutting frequency of 45 days and residue height of 30 cm, with larger diameter of 0.96 cm shoot for the rainy season and 0.81 cm for the dry period, getting even, greater leaf area index during the rainy season and dry. The handling with cut off frequency of 90 days combined with residue height of 90 cm obtained higher dry matter accumulation by cutting forage during the rainy season and dry with 5.3 and 4.8 t.ha-1, and with full 10.7 t.ha-1 and 9.7, respectively. Plants subjected to the same management reached the highest yield of green mass and dry fodder by cutting, with a mean of 18.13 t.ha-1 and 5.09 t.ha-1 in each cut, respectively, producing 72 52 t.ha-1 fresh weight of total forage and 20.36 t.ha-1 dry weight of total forage. The cut off frequency and height of residue influence the growth and production of Gliricidia. The intensity of cut 90 cm provides better growth rates and when combined with a cut off frequency of 90 days is greater herbage mass production of Gliricidia
Use of bovine digesta as organic fertilizer
No full textObjetivou-se discutir o uso da digesta bovina como fonte de matéria orgânica para a agricultura. Atualmente existe uma preocupação crescente em relação à dilapidação dos recursos naturais, da deposição desenfreada de dejetos no meio ambiente. Iniciativas que reduzam os prejuízos no meio ambiente são importantes e necessárias, além de valorizar os produtos e melhorar o bem-estar social e ambiental. Resíduos da agroindústria podem ter um destino nobre, já que possuem características orgânicas que proporcionam a sua utilização como fertilizante orgânico no cultivo de plantas. A digesta bovina demonstra ser adubo orgânico promissor para agricultura, que promove o incremento de matéria seca, melhora o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas, além de proporcionar benefícios ao meio ambiente
Uso de diferentes revestimentos na produção de pré-secado de gramíneas tropicais
No full textTwo experiments were carried out with haylage, one with marandu grass and the other with
tanzania grass, both with the same objective, which consisted of evaluating the gas
quantification, temperature, fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and aerobic
stability of the haylage coated with films of different thicknesses. Four plastic films of different
thicknesses were tested as haylage coating (10, 11, 13 and 27µm) associated to storage times
and during aerobic stability (0, 48 and 96 h) in a completely randomized design with three
replications organized in factorial schemes. Gas quantification and temperature were evaluated
in the first 48 h (4 × 4), being four films and four storage times (0, 12, 24 and 48 h) and over
the storage days (4 × 5), four films and five storage times (0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 d). The
fermentative characteristics were evaluated in a factorial scheme (4 × 4), being four films and
four storage times (7, 15, 30 and 60 d). In the evaluations during aerobic stability (4 × 3), there
were four films and three storage times (0, 48 and 96 h). The chemical composition was
evaluated only after the opening at 60 days. In the marandu grass, the oxygen concentration
stabilized at 12 h below 5% and the carbon dioxide after 7 d with 37.17%. There was little
variation in pH, and the lowest values were observed at 60 days (pH 5.13 to 5.4). There was a
predominance of molds and yeasts with little variation between the films (7.02 to 7.51 log10 cfu
g
-1
), as well as lactic acid bacteria (5.54 to 6.11 log10 cfu g-1
) and enterobacteria (6.34 to 6.84
log10 cfu g-1
). There was effect only on the dry matter, with the highest average in the treatment
of 13µm (522.4 g kg-1 DM). In the Tanzania grass, the O2 concentration stabilized at 12 h below
4%. The highest pH was in the 27 µm film at 7 and 15 days (pH 7.15 and 6.54, respectively),
whereas at 60 days, all films had a similar pH. Higher averages of molds and yeasts were
observed in the film of 27µm (7.13 log10 cfu g-1
) and 13µm (7.32 log10 cfu g-1
) in the effect of
the film. The film of 13µm provided a higher content of dry matter (655 g kg
-1
) and crude
protein (140.9 g kg-1 DM). In both experiments, all coatings allowed low fermentation of
organic acids and low ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, as well as a stable temperature
during the aerobic stability of 96 h. Thus, films of 10, 11, 13 and 27µm of thickness can be used
in the coating of haylage of marandu and tanzania grass. The use is recommended after 60 days
of storage.Foram realizados dois experimentos com pré-secado, um com capim-marandu e outro com
capim-tanzânia, ambos com o mesmo objetivo, que consistiu em avaliar a quantificação gasosa,
temperatura, características de fermentação, composição química e estabilidade aeróbia em pré secado revestido com filmes de diferentes espessuras. Foram testados quatro filmes plásticos
de diferentes espessuras no revestimento de pré-secado (10, 11, 13 e 27µm) associado aos
tempos de armazenamento e durante a estabilidade aeróbia (0, 48 e 96 h) em delineamento
inteiramente casualizado com três repetições organizados em esquemas fatoriais. A
quantificação gasosa e a temperatura foram avaliadas nas primeiras 48 h (4 × 4), quatro filmes
e quatro tempos de armazenamento (0, 12, 24 e 48 h) e nos dias de armazenamento (4 × 5),
quatro filmes e cinco tempos de armazenamento (0, 7, 15, 30 e 60 d). As características
fermentativas foram avaliadas em esquema fatorial (4 × 4), quatro filmes e quatro tempos de
armazenamento (7, 15, 30 e 60 d). Nas avaliações durante a estabilidade aeróbia (4 × 3), quatros
filmes e três tempos de armazenamento (0, 48 e 96 h). A composição química foi avaliada
apenas na abertura de 60 dias. No capim-marandu a concentração de oxigênio estabilizou às 12
h abaixo de 5% e o dióxido de carbono após 7 d com 37,17%. Houve poca variação no pH, os
menores valores foram aos 60 dias (pH 5,13 a 5,4). Teve predominância de mofos e leveduras
com pouca variação entre os filmes (7,02 a 7,51 log10 ufc g-1
), bactérias lácticas (5,54 a 6,11
log10 ufc g-1
) e enterobactérias (6,34 a 6,84 log10 ufc g-1
). Houve efeito apenas para matéria
seca, com maior média para 13µm (522,4 g kg-1 MS). Já no capim-tanzania, a concentração de
O2 estabilizou às 12 h abaixo de 4%. O pH mais elevado foi no filme de 27µm aos 7 e 15 dias
(pH 7,15 e 6,54), respectivamente, já aos 60 dias, todos os filmes tiveram pH semelhante.
Maiores médias de mofos e leveduras foram observadas no filme de 27µm (7,13 log10 ufc g-1
)
e 13µm (7,32 log10 ufc g-1
) no efeito do filme. O filme de 13µm proporcionou maior teor de
mareia seca (655 g k-1
) e proteína bruta (140,9 g kg-1
de MS). Em ambos experimentos todos
os revestimentos permitiram baixa fermentação de ácidos orgânicos e concentração de
nitrogênio amoniacal, assim como temperatura estável durante estabilidade aeróbia de 96 h.
Dessa forma, filmes de 10, 11, 13 e 27µm de espessura podem ser utilizados no revestimento
de pré-secado de capim-marandu e capim-tanzânia. Recomenda-se a utilização aos 60 dias de
armazenamento
Estimulantes alimentares para larvas de pacu Feeding stimulants for pacu lavae
No full textEste estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o efeito estimulante de cinco aminoácidos (alanina, arginina, glicina, histidina e lisina) da betaína e de suas misturas sobre a taxa de ingestão de dieta microencapsulada durante o desenvolvimento larval de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. Os resultados da análise estatística comprovaram a existência de efeito significativo, tanto da idade das larvas como dos aminoácidos, sobre a taxa de ingestão. No entanto, não houve significância estatística para a interação dos dois fatores. A glicina, a lisina e a beta��na foram considerados bons estimuladores do comportamento alimentar de larvas de pacu.The present study aimed to investigate the stimulant effect of five amino acids (alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine) from betaine and their mixtures on the ingestion rates of formulated diet during the larval development of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus. The statistical results showed significant effect of age and treatment. However, no significant effect was observed for the interaction of both factors. Glycine, lysine and betaine are considered good stimulants of the pacu feeding behavior
Correlations and path analysis of morphological and yield traits of cactus pear accessions
No full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between morphological characteristics and fresh matter yield of cactus pear and identify their direct and indirect effects. Nineteen accessions were evaluated for the following traits: number (NCl), thickness (ThCl), length (LCl) and width (WCl) of cladodes, plant height (PH) and plant width (PW), and green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY) and dry matter percentage (DM). The correlations were estimated, and path analysis was performed by the method proposed by Wright. GMY was strongly correlated with DMY, allowing indirect selection for this trait. NCl and ThCl had a direct effect on GMY and can be used for indirect selection or as secondary traits in the selection process. Given the lack of significant correlations between MS and DMY, it is possible to select a palm variety with high DMY and DM.</jats:p
Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plântulas de figo de pombo (macroptilium lathyroides)
No full textVisando ao entendimento das características de germinação das sementes de figo de pombo foram realizados três experimentos, O primeiro experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre a germinação das sementes; o segundo objetivou avaliar o efeito da temperatura da água para quebra de dormência das sementes; e o terceiro objetivou testar diferentes substratos sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas de figo de pombo. A temperatura de 20-30°C proporcionou valores de percentual de germinação superiores (P0,05) quanto aos tipos de substratos utilizados. Diante os estudos conclui-se que as sementes apresentaram melhores índices de germinação com a temperatura variável entre 20 e 30oC, com imersão em água em temperaturas entre 70 e 80oC sendo o método eficiente para quebra de dormência e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de figo de pombo foram incrementados com a utilização de ambos substratos avaliados
Correlations and path analysis of morphological and yield traits of cactus pear accessions
No full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between morphological characteristics and fresh matter yield of cactus pear and identify their direct and indirect effects. Nineteen accessions were evaluated for the following traits: number (NCl), thickness (ThCl), length (LCl) and width (WCl) of cladodes, plant height (PH) and plant width (PW), and green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY) and dry matter percentage (DM). The correlations were estimated, and path analysis was performed by the method proposed by Wright. GMY was strongly correlated with DMY, allowing indirect selection for this trait. NCl and ThCl had a direct effect on GMY and can be used for indirect selection or as secondary traits in the selection process. Given the lack of significant correlations between MS and DMY, it is possible to select a palm variety with high DMY and DM
<b>Harvest growth stages in soybean cultivars intended for silage
No full text
This study aimed to characterize the harvest phenological stages of soybean cultivars intended for silage. Cultivars were evaluated for dry weight of the composite sample, branches, leaves and pods; wet mass of branches, leaves, pods and ground natural matter. This experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial randomized block design, with four replications each, where the first factor corresponds to the harvest stage: R4, R5 and R6; and the second factor refers to two soybean maturity groups (8.0 and 8.1). A significant interaction was detected only for ground natural matter. Higher values of most traits evaluated were observed for the R6 harvest phenological stage. The cultivar with maturity group 8.0 showed higher values for ground natural matter.
Chemical composition and in situ degradability of silages from dualpurpose sorghum hybrids.
No full textThe objective was to determine chemical composition and in situ degradability for silages of dual-purpose sorghum hybrids. Twenty-five hybrids of double-purpose sorghum were investigated in a randomized block design with three replicates. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, chemical composition of the silage and in situ degradability were determined. Silage of the hybrids 9929012, 947216, 947030, 947254, 947072, 947252, 12F042066, 1141570 and 1141562 presented greater dry matter content, ranging from 402.9 to 470.7 g kg-1. The greatest crude protein content was presented by silages from the hybrids 9929036, 9929030, 12F042224, FEPAGRO19, FEPAGRO11, 9929026, 947030, 947072, 947252, 12F042226 and BRS Ponta Negra. The silage of hybrid 1141562 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fiber content (588 g kg-1). The highest values of dry matter and crude protein degradability were observed in the silages of the hybrids 9929030, 947252, 947072, 12F042066 and 12F042226. The use of ensilage of the 9929030 and 12F042226 hybrids is recommended because these silages present a better chemical composition of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber and better dry matter and crude protein degradability
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