1,721,665 research outputs found
The Songshu 宋書 and the Politics of the Liu-Song
No full textThe chief characteristics of the political history of the Liu-Song Dynasty are generally taken to be the strengthening of the power of the emperor and the related rise of men of humble birth known as hanmen 寒門 or hanren 寒人. In other words, an image has been created of imperial authority aimed at building a monopoly on power by means of appointment of the hanmen/hanren in opposition to the aristocratic factions that had held power ever since the Eastern Jin. This picture conforms to the view of Shen Yue 沈約, the compiler of the Songshu, but it would probably be inappropriate to understand it as objectively reflecting the reality of the times. From this point of view, this study first examines the characteristic of the political history found throughout the descriptions of Shen Yue in the Songshu. And given the point of view critical of the emperor's exercise of arbitrary authority, makes clear that in the Songshu there was a tendency to over-emphasis the power of the emperor and the favored hanren. Moreover, it addresses the main studies concerned with Liu-Song political history, and points out the problem that the description corresponds perfectly to that of Shen Yue, particularly as regards the description following emperor Xiao Wu 孝武(r. 453-464). Furthermore, in seeking to discover a clue to the solution of this problem, it considers the political history of the period of Qianfei-di 前廢帝 (464-65). That which caused the political instability in the period of the Qianfei-di was the unstable authority of the emperor and the tendency for ceaseless repetition of factional infighting among government bureaucrats. The Songshu explained the cause of this political instability by charting a vision of the emperor and the favored hanren versus the aristocracy, however it would be difficult to claim that such a vision objectively depicted the real circumstances. The authority of the emperor and the bureaucratic class (including aristocrats, hanmen, and those originally of hanren status) were instead broadly united, and to explain the situation in terms of mutual influence, with the instability of the status of the emperor hastening the factional infighting of the bureaucrats, and simultaneously the factional infighting of bureaucrats influencing the instability of the emperor's status would surely be a more valid method for grasping not only the period of Qianfei-di but the structural characteristic of the politics of the entire Liu-Song Dynasty
On the Commonalities of Artistic Principles of Landscape Poetry and Painting in Liu Song Dynasty
Get PDFIt is generally believed that the fusion of poetry and painting was achieved in Tang and Song dynasties. However, in Liu Song dynasty, landscape poetry and landscape painting coincidently completed the process of being independent. Meanwhile, they both have jointly demonstrated an aesthetic fashion and artistic progress of the times in terms of the creation purpose of enlightenment and emotional experience, the artistic expression of admiring similarity in shape, and the way of framing like “distant reflection” and other similar ways. This shows that Chinese landscape poetry and landscape painting, from the establishment to the development and improvement, has always been in a mutually connected, inspired and influenced relationship
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Study on Political and Economic Reformation of Emperor Xiao-wu in Liu Song Dynasty and Its Failure
Get PDF“元嘉之治“后,孝武帝刘骏励精图治,延续文帝的劝农政策,强化君主专制权力,力求恢复元嘉繁荣局面。但是孝武帝的上述努力很难使刘宋恢复到“元嘉之治“的治世水平。国家财政体系发生重大改变,朝廷对地方经济控制力减弱,财政状况持续恶化,币制日益混乱,甚至不得不对地方豪强的经济利益做出重大让步。孝武帝去世后,刘宋王朝在残酷的宗室内战中毁灭。Emperor Xiao-wu in Liu Song Dynasty continued emperor Wen's agricultural policy,strengthened despotism power and tried his best to recover the time of peace and prosperity of Yuan Jia after Yuan Jia times.However,it was difficult for him to recover the former glory.Especially,Liu-song Dynasty's financial system was altered significantly and even it had to concede to local hosts' economic benefit.Liu-Song Dynasty exterminated gradually for cruel battles among royal clans after this emperor
Zhan dan xing jun ye de da chi du zi zu zhi yan jiu
No full textPh.D.Active matter consists of units that can generate mechanical work by consuming energy. This includes living systems such as assemblies of motile bacteria and animal tissues, biomolecules driven by molecular motors, and suspensions of synthetic self-propelled particles. A central question in active matter study is to understand and control the self-organization of these systems in space and time. In this dissertation I present two novel mechanisms of spatial-temporal self-organization in bacterial active matter. First, I will describe our discovery of a new form of biological collective oscillation, which does not require local oscillators and arises from weak synchronization of random trajectories. This is in stark contrast to collective oscillations in multicellular systems studied to date. In the second part of my dissertation, I will show that manipulating fluid viscoelasticity provides a simple means to simultaneously control the spatial-temporal self-organization of bacterial active matter. The findings advance the understanding of bacterial behavior in complex fluids and demonstrate for the first time that rheological properties can be harnessed to control active matter self-organization. Taken together, our results will fuel the development of non-equilibrium physics and may shed light on the study of other types of active fluids and active gels, with potential application in fabricating adaptive self-driven devices or materials.活性物質由那些可以通過消耗能量來產生定向運動的單元構成。這包括例如運動細菌群落或動物組織的生命體系，由分子馬達驅動的生物分子，以及人工合成自驅動粒子的懸浮液。活性物質研究中的核心問題是理解和控制這些體系在時間、空間上的自組織。在這篇論文中，我介紹了兩種新穎的關於細菌型活性物質在空間-時間上的自組織機制。首先，我會闡述我們發現的一種新型的生物集體振動。這種集體振動不需要局域振子且源自隨機軌跡的弱同步藕合作用。這和目前已知研究中的集體振動是截然相反的。在論文的第二部分，我會闡明調節流體粘彈性为同時控制細菌型活性物質在空間-時間上的自組織提供了一個間單的方法。這些發現增進了對於復雜流體中細菌行為的理解，並且首次揭示了流變性質可以被利用來控制活性物質的自組織。綜合來看，我們的研究結果有助於非平衡態物理的發展，以及闡明關於其他有潛力被用來製造适應性自驅動裝置或材料的活性流體和膠體的研究。Liu, Song = 粘彈性菌液的大尺度自組織研究 / 劉松.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2018.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-97).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).Liu, Song = Zhan dan xing jun ye de da chi du zi zu zhi yan jiu / Liu Song
Interference issues in modern communications systems
No full textA critical component of a communication system's design is the analysis of potential electromagnetic interference from within the system and from outside sources. Through physical and mathematical modeling, we can quantify the impact of interference on key performance metrics of the system and pursue an optimal design based on certain interference constraints. In this dissertation, we investigate several interference related issues in three emerging technologies: Broadband over Power Line (BPL), Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA), and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). In the BPL study, we analyze the radio interference from a BPL system operating between 2 MHz and several tens of MHz. An overhead medium-voltage power line is modeled as a 3-phase set of parallel wires above a lossy earth. Both a near-exact solution and a closed-form far-field approximation are presented. The maximum allowable excitation voltage vs. frequency is computed by assuming compliance with FCC field strength limits. These calibration results are used to study the interference to both terrestrial and airborne services, using noise floor increase as a metric of interference severity. We also quantify the relationship between BPL capacity and BPL interference. In the DSA study, we propose a solution to spectrum policy enforcement in DSA networks involving the detection of unauthorized spectrum usage. We formulate the anomalous usage detection problem using statistical significance testing. The detection problem is investigated considering two cases, characterized by whether the authorized (primary) transmitter is mobile or fixed. We propose a detection scheme for each case, respectively, by exploiting the spatial pattern of received signal energy across a network of sensors. Analytical models are formulated when the distribution of the energy measurements is given and we present an algorithm using machine learning techniques to solve the general case when the statistics of the energy measurements are unknown. In the MANET study, we propose a two-phase interference classification framework in a CSMA/CA-based MANET. It classifies different jamming attacks in a 3-D metric space and distinguishes unintentional interference and interference-free conditions based on the consistency of ACK errors and received signal strength.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Song Li
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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