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The Thesis and Antithesis of East Asian Connection in Manchukuo
No full text刘晓丽，华东师范大学中文系教授，文学博士。【中文摘要】日本在中国东北炮制的满洲傀儡国，是其“东亚一体实验场”，在此既可以发现日本构想“东亚一体”的霸权性格,又可以发现殖民霸权催生出的东亚连带真实情感。伪满洲国既是东亚连带的正题，又是东亚连带的反题。伪满洲国跨民族文学交流的实像，可以看到反东亚殖民主义的东亚连带意识如何发生，如何通过文学活动、文学形式呈现出来。为反抗强迫的东亚一体实验, 生活在伪满洲国的知识人反而将东亚作为自我之物,从抵抗到主体形成，发展出抗日民族主义与国际主义相结合的东亚连带意识。
【Abstract】Manchukuo concocted by Japan in Northeast China is an “integrated East Asia experimental field”. Here we can not only find the hegemonic character of “East Asian integration” of Japans ideation，but also the true sentiments of East Asian connection induced by colonial hegemony. Manchukuo was both the thesis and antithesis of East Asian connection. Through the real imagery of cross-national literary exchanges in Manchukuo，we can see how the consciousness of East Asian connection occurred in anti-East Asian colonialism，and how it was presented through literary activities and in literary forms. In resisting the mandatory integrated East Asia experiment，intellectuals in Manchukuo regarded East Asia as an object of selves. In the transition from resistance to subject formation，the consciousness of East Asian connection that combined anti-Japanese nationalism and internationalism took shape
The Metaphor of Power in the One Hundred Year's History of Shakespeare Plays in Taiwan
No full text孙宇，东北林业大学外国语学院副教授，文学博士。【中文摘要】在台湾地区，戏剧与政治的关系一直紧密相连。然而，台湾地区与西方的莎士比亚戏剧之间错综复杂的关系并没有在祖国大陆学界引起重视。梳理莎士比亚戏剧在台湾地区一百多年来的演绎与流变，可以将台湾地区莎士比亚戏剧发展史分为四个阶段，即日据时期、国民党戒严时期、解严时期至20世纪末、21世纪初至现今。莎士比亚戏剧在台湾地区的发展不仅印证了社会变迁和历史演变,也体现了台湾地区各种具有统治力量话语权的更迭与交错,而“莎戏曲”正是台湾民众在自由选择过程中对中国文化传统进一步的继承与发扬。
【Abstract】In Taiwan， drama and politics are inextricably intertwined. However， the complicated relations among Shakespeare plays in Mainland China，Taiwan and the West have not received sufficient scholarly attention in Mainland China. Combing through the movement and transformation of Shakespeare plays in Taiwan over the past century or so，we may divide the history of Shakespeare plays in Taiwan into four phases ：the Japanese colonial period，the Kuomintang martial -law period，the period between the lifting of the martial law and the end of the 20th century，and the period from the start of the 21st century to the present. The development of Shakespeare plays in Taiwan reflects social changes and historical evolution and reveals the alternation and intersection of the powers of discourse that dominate Taiwan. On the other hand，“Shakespeare opera” demonstrates that the people of Taiwan have carried forward Chinese cultural traditions in the process of making free choices.国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“当代欧美戏剧理论前沿问题研究”（18ZD06)；国家社会科学基金重大项目“百年台湾文学中的中华民族叙事研究”（19ZDA279
Electrochemical Gating Single-Molecule Circuits with Parallel Paths
Full text link# These authors contributed equally to this work.电化学门控已成为一种可行且高效调节单分子电导的方法。在本研究中,我们证实了具有两个平行苯环的单分子电路中电子传输可以通过电化学门控控制。首先,我们利用STM-BJ技术以金为电极构筑了具有两条平行路径的单分子结。与单条路径的单分子结相比,两条路径的分子结由于具有增强性量子干涉效应,具有2.82倍的电导值。进一步地,我们利用电化学门控对具有两个平行苯环的单分结的电导进行调控,获得了333%·V-1调节比。结合DFT计算,发现在E=EF附近的V形透射系数谱图导致了实验观测的电导门控行为。本研究揭示了具有平行路径的单分子电路的电化学门控行为,并为设计高性能分子器件的分子材料提供了新的途径。通讯作者:周小顺E-mail:[email protected]:Xiao-ShunZhouE-mail:[email protected].浙江师范大学物理化学研究所,先进催化材料教育部重点实验室,浙江 金华 3210042.上海大学物理系,上海 2004441. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China2. Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, Chin
Preparations and Electrocatalytic Ethanol Properties of Palladium Intercalated Hydrotalcite
Full text link高性能的电催化剂对直接燃料电池的商业化应用有着至关重要的作用,目前的阳极材料还存在活性低、易中毒、成本高等问题。本研究以层状双氢氧化物(layered double hydroxides, LDHs)为载体通过浸渍法制备了新型纳米钯(Pd)催化剂,并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、能谱仪、透射电子显微镜、循环伏安法测试、计时电流测试和电化学阻抗等方法对催化剂的结构和电催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,新制备的Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs仍然保持着LDHs的层状结构,循环伏安测试表明在碱性条件下,Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs比Pd/C有更好的电催化乙醇活性和抗中间产物中毒性能,且乙醇浓度、扫描速率和温度等因素对峰电流有着直接影响。计时电流测试表明在电催化乙醇的过程中Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs比Pd/C拥有更高的电催化活性和稳定性。电化学阻抗测试表明,Pd插层可显著改善Mg-Al-LDHs的导电性,并降低电催化过程中电荷转移阻力。High-performance electrocatalysts play a vital role in the commercial application of direct fuel cells. Current anode materials still have such problems as low activity, easy poisoning and high cost. In this study, a new type of nano- palladium (Pd) catalyst was prepared by dipping method using layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as the carrier. X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), energy spectrometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscope were used to analyze the structure and electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst. The results showed that the newly prepared Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs still maintained the layered structure of LDHs, and the metal Pd was evenly dispersed between the layers of hydrotalcite. Cyclic voltammetric curves showed that under alkaline conditions, the peak current density of Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs with 7% Pd in electrocatalytic ethanol was 36 mA·cm-2. The peak current density of commercial Pd/C in electrocatalytic ethanol was 30 mA·cm-2, and Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs exhibited better resistance to intermediate product poisoning. The factors including ethanol concentration, scanning rate and temperature were found to be effective, in particular, peak current had a direct effect. The chronoamperometric test revealed that Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs displayed higher electrocatalytic activity and stability toward ethanol than Pd/C, and the current density of Pd/Mg-Al-LDHs at 2000 s was 12 times to that of the commercial Pd/C. The electrochemical impedance data showed that Pd intercalation could significantly improve the conductivity of Mg-Al-LDHs and reduce the resistance to charge transfer during the electrocatalytic process.国家自然科学基金项目(51208299)通讯作者:李亮E-mail:[email protected]:LiangLiE-mail:[email protected]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院,上海 200093School of Environment and Architecture,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, Chin
Research Progress of SiO2 Regrowth during Selective Etching Process in 3D NAND Manufacture Procedure
Full text link作为半导体市场中主要存储芯片之一,NAND已从2D发展到3D。3D NAND的立体存储结构提高了芯片容量、性能和可靠性。在3D NAND的交替堆栈结构中,需通过氮化-物氧化物的选择性刻蚀获得层间介质层,堆栈层数越多,芯片性能越好,但高层堆栈的刻蚀均匀性也更难保持,此时易出现SiO2在氧化层端头再沉积的回沾现象,层间结构被破坏,影响器件性能。要达到更高层数必须减少回沾,探究该过程及其影响因素成为关键所在。本文综述了3D NAND制程中氮化硅选择性刻蚀工艺的发展现状和现有研究成果,强调了控制硅含量对防止回沾的重要性,介绍了相关理论模型,提供模拟预测。为深入分析其中的化学反应,本文对相关的SiO2溶液化学进行了概述,总结了聚硅酸形成的影响因素,强调胶凝曲线能反应其聚合行为,据此可研究怎样通过影响硅酸聚合行为或聚硅酸在氧化层表面的沉积行为来防止回沾,以对未来研究起到理论指导作用.As one of the most significant memory chips in semiconductor market, NAND has been developed from two-dimension (2D) to three-dimension (3D). Due to the three-dimensional memory structure of 3D NAND, the capacity density, read-write speed and reliability of memory chips have been greatly improved, as well as the reduction of power dissipation. It is by nitride-oxide selective etching process in the alternate stacked structure of 3D NAND that the inter-dielectric layers can be obtained. The more stack layers, the better performance of chips will be. Meanwhile, however, silicon dioxide (SiO2) would regrow on the corner of oxide layers, the phenomenon called regrowth, which directly makes damage to the stack structure. If the deposition is so thick that becomes adhesive together, the stack structure will collapse, severely affecting the performance of devices. Preventing SiO2 regrowth is imperative for higher stacked layers, meaning that the key point is to figure out the specific process of regrowth and its impact factors. Due to the rapid development of this field, the existing information is such a mess that there is a lack of sorted information and systematic research dealing with the problem of regrowth. This paper briefly reviewes developing situation and existing research results of silicon nitride selective etching process in 3D NAND manufacture procedure, with emphases in the significance of controlling silicon concentration to avoid regrowth. Furthermore, relative theoretical models are introduced to provide simulation and prediction for regrowth process. In order to analyze the chemical reaction in regrowth, this paper summarizes the relative solution chemistry of silica and the impact of polysilicic acid formation, and suggests that the gel curve can reflect its aggregation behavior. Accordingly, researches on how to avoid regrowth can be guided theoretically by discovering the influence factors of silicic acid aggregation or the deposition behaviors of polysilicic acid on oxide layers.通讯作者:李明E-mail:[email protected]:MingLiE-mail:[email protected].上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海 2002402.上海新阳半导体材料股份有限公司,上海 2016161. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China2. Shanghai Sinyang Semiconductor Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201616, Chin
Preparation of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
No full text氧还原反应是燃料电池中重要的阴极反应,但由于动力学迟缓等问题导致其效率低。碳基材料具有导电性高、稳定性好、比表面积大等优点,常被应用于电催化氧还原反应。然而其在电催化氧还原反应中效率较低,对碳基材料进行Co、Mn掺杂有望提高其氧还原效率。本文采用静电纺丝技术制备出含有Co,Mn双金属的碳纳米纤维,经热解和硫化后碳纳米纤维上形成许多包裹Co1-xS和MnS纳米颗粒的碳纳米管（记为Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs）,垂直生长在碳纳米纤维表面。通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs的形貌、结构和组成进行表征,发现仅在Co1-xS和MnS同时存在的情况下碳纳米纤维表面才能生长碳纳米管。小颗粒的MnS为碳纳米管的生成提供成核位点,大颗粒的Co1-xS促进碳纳米管生长,最终形成Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs。碳纳米管的形成不仅在金属颗粒表面形成一道屏障,防止其聚集、溶解,而且提高了碳纳米纤维的导电性,使其电催化性能及稳定性得到很大提升。电催化测试证明,Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs相较于不含金属的碳纳米纤维（CNFs）及含单金属的硫化锰碳纳米纤维（MnS/CNFs）或硫化钴碳纳米纤维（Co1-xS/CNFs）具有更优异的电催化氧还原（ORR）性能,且在氧还原反应过程中表现出高效的四电子转移。其甲醇耐受性及长期稳定性显著优于商业Pt/C电催化剂。As an important cathode reaction in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a complex reaction of slow kinetics, which severely limits performances of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Therefore, it is of key importance to find an efficient and stable electrocatalyst to promote ORR. Carbon-based materials, which possess high conductivity, good stability and large specific surface area, are usually used in electrocatalytic ORR. However, pure carbon-based materials exhibit low efficiency. Coupling carbon-based materials with manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) transition metals containing 3d orbitals is an effective way to improve electrocatalytic performance. Herein, carbon nanofibers containing Co and Mn elements were crafted via an electrospinning technique, using polyacrylonitrile, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and F127 as the carbon, cobalt, and manganese sources and pore-forming agent, respectively. After vulcanizing and carbonizing the pre-oxidized electrospun samples, carbon nanofibers coated with carbon-nanotubes-wrapping Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles (denoted as Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs) were formed. A series of measurements were carried out to characterize the morphology and structure of samples by employing X-ray diffraction technique, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that carbon nanotubes grew on the surface of carbon nanofibers when Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles co-existed. During the growth of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs, MnS particles served as nucleation sites for the formation of carbon nanotubes and Co1-xS particles promoted the growth of carbon nanotubes. In addition, the as-prepared samples were composed of Co, Mn, N, C and S elements. More specifically, nanofibers were composed of C and N elements. S element functioned as the sulfur source for both Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles, as well as the dopant of nanofibers. The dopings of N and S into carbon nanofibers could promote the oxygen adsorption, facilitating the oxygen breaking of the O-O bond and thus improving the ORR activity. Moreover, it is demonstrated that carbon nanotubes wrapping Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles play as barriers, preventing Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles from aggregation and dissolution. Electrocatalytic test displays that Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity toward ORR compared with CNFs, MnS/CNFs and Co1-xS/CNFs, revealing an efficient overall four-electron transfer process. The onset potential of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs was slightly negative, while the ORR current density was higher compared with commercial Pt/C (20wt.%). It is worth noting that Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs possessed better stability and higher methanol tolerance than commercial Pt/C in alkaline media. It is observed that the current of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs dropped slightly after the test running for 20000 s, while that of commercial Pt/C lowered significantly. This research provides a simple yet effective method to prepare non-noble metal electrocatalysts with excellent electrocatalytic performance, which presents an appealing strategy for efficient energy storage and conversion.国家自然科学基金项目(21905317);中国科协青年人才托举项目资助通讯作者:王梦晔E-mail:[email protected]:Meng-YeWangE-mail:[email protected]中山大学光电子材料与技术国家重点实验室,广东 广州 510275State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong,Chin
The Development of the Rules of Compensation for Moral Damages in the Civil Code of China
No full text薛军，北京大学法学院教授、博士生导师，法学博士。【中文摘要】《民法典》在精神损害赔偿制度上作出了重要发展，认可在违约责任的框架之下可以主张精神损害赔偿;认可对具有人身意义的物品的损害，如果是基于故意或者重大过失，可以主张精神损害赔偿;事实上确认刑事责任的承担与精神损害赔偿民事责任的承担互不影响。通过《民法典》在精神损害赔偿制度上的发展，可以发现《民法典》在制度革新,法渊源整合以及解释论框架建构上都具有重要意义。
【Abstract】The Civil Code represents a major development in the rules of compensation for moral damages. It recognizes that compensation for moral damages can be claimed under a contract. Moreover， it recognizes the compensation for moral damages in the case of intentional or gross negligence by a tort to a specific thing of personal significance to a natural person. It confirms that assumption of criminal liability has no effect on the civil liability for moral damages. Through the development of the rules of compensation for moral damages in the Civil Code，it can be found that the Civil Code is of important significance to the reform of system innovation，the integration of legal sources，and the construction of the interpretive framework
The New Feudal Kings' Financial Resources and Influence in the Late Ming Dynasty:A Case Study of King Hui
No full text【中文摘要】惠王朱常润是明朝最后一批分封且就藩的藩王,分析其获得财源及建立权势的过程可以揭示明末藩王与地方社会的关系，重新理解王府于晚明历史的意义。嘉靖后新封的藩王处于新的供应体制之下，且在合法财源和朝廷支持力度方面都超过旧藩。但在晚明财政危机的背景下,受封越晚的藩王越难顺利获利,其权势嵌入地方社会亦非易事。惠王在荆赡田搜括的过程呈现出新藩、旧藩和地方官三方较量的态势。在晚明社会动乱的背景下，惠王迎合朝廷需求,改善与官民的关系,提高个人声望,经营地方防务,渐有一方之主之势。惠王的个案是王府并非简单站在社会经济对立面的有力证明，晚明新封藩王有越过藩禁,介入地方政治、经济和军事的趋势，甚或有主导一方社会秩序的可能。
【Abstract】The King Hui，Zhu Changrnn，is one of the last kings , who are enfeoffed and finally go to the fief, in the Ming Dynasty. This article focuses on his acquisition of financial resources and the process of authority building，to get a glimpse of the interaction between kings and local society in the late Ming Dynasty，and re-understand the significance of the imperial clan for this period. After the Emperor Jiajing，those new feudal kings are under a new supply model and surpass the old feudal kings in terms of legal financial resources and court supply. However，in the context of the financial crisis in late Ming Dynasty，It becomes more and more difficult for new feudal kings to make a smooth profit，and it is also not easy for them to embed their power in the local society. The King Hui's process of getting land in Jingzhou presents a three-way contest among a new King，local officials and old seigniors. In the social crisis of the late Ming Dynasty，The King Hui caters to the needs of the imperial court，improves relations of officials and civilians，enhances personal prestige， runs local defense，and gradually establishes the power of the local lord. In short，The King Hui's case is a strong proof that the kings are not simply standing on the opposite side of the social economy，and what's more，the new feudal Kings in the late Ming Dynasty have a trend to bypass the ban and intervene in local politics，economy and military，or even to dominate the social order of local society.吴滔，中山大学历史学系（珠海）教授、博士生导师，历史学博士 ；谢宁静,中山大学历史学系博士研究生
Drivers of China's Energy Consumption:Insights from the “New Normal Era”
No full text李江龙，西安交通大学经济与金融学院教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；杨秀汪，西安交通大学经济与金融学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】作为世界最大的能源消费国，“新常态”下的中国正处于全面开展环境治理的承重期。在此背景下,聚焦“新常态”视角，采用IDA-PDA分解，可探究中国能源需求变化背后的驱动因素。研究发现:经济增长依旧是中国当下能源需求增长最重要的推力，而且西部地区显著强于东、中部地区;要素替代、经济结构和能源结构变化都抑制了能源需求增长。对于中国绿色转型可能的挑战是，技术进步对能源需求的抑制作用正在减S技术效率甚至存在出现恶化的风险。
【Abstract】As the largest energy consumer worldwide，China in the “new normal era” is striving for environmental improvement. Within this context，this paper pays close speical to the “new normal era”，using the IDA-PDA method to explore the driving forces behind China's energy consumption change. We found that economic growth remains the most important factor driving energy consumption increase，which is even more substantial in western China. Furthermore，input substitution，economic and energy structure have negative impacts on energy consumption. We highlight that the potential challenge to China's green transition lies in the decreasing effect of technological progress and declining energy efficiency.国家自然科学基金青年项目“低效’能源孙贴动态测度及其退出对中国绿色经济增长转型的作用机理研究”（71703120);中国博士后基金特别资助项目“从‘诅咒’到‘福音’：资源型城市的绿色经济增长转型” (2018T111027
Do Major Shareholders Prop Up Listed Firms:From the Perspective of the Stock Pledge of Major Shareholders
No full text李常青，厦门大学管理学院教授、博士生导师，管理学博士；曾敏，厦门大学财务管理与会计研究院博士研究生；陈泽艺，广东金融学院副教授，管理学博士。【中文摘要】既有研究发现大股东除扮演“监督”和“掏空”角色外，还会对公司进行积极的“支持”但针对后者的实证研究可能面临度量误差问题。利用股权质押的特殊性质，采用大股东质押私人股权后借款给上市公司的子样本，可有效缓解上述内生性问题。研究发现:大股东有强烈的动机支持处于融资困境且与自身利益密切相关的公司。支持行为具有显著正向的市场反应，并有效提升了上市公司的价值。其作用机制系支持行为缓解了公司资金营运压力，减少了应付账款和降低了现金-现金流敏感性;对外传递了信号效应，降低了公司债务融资成本和扩大了公司债务融资规模。此外，支持行为对于公司价值的正向影响具有长期持续性。
【Abstract】Previous studies have found that major shareholders not only play the role of “supervision” and atunneling”,but also actively “prop up” the company. However，empirical research on the latter are prone to measurement errors. This endogenous problem can be effectively alleviated by tapping into the special nature of stock pledge from the perspective of major shareholders borrowing money and then lending it to listed firms. The study finds that major shareholders have a strong motivation to prop firms those are in financing difficulties and those are closely related to their own interests. Propping has a significant positive market reaction and effectively improves the firm value. The mechanism is that the propping relieves the pressure on the firm's capital operations and reduces accounts payable and cash-cash flow sensitivity ； meanwhile，the propping transmits the signal effect，reduces the corporate debt financing cost and expands the corporate debt financing scale. In addition，the positive impact of propping on firm value tends to be long-lasting.国家自然科学基金重大项目“中国制度和文化背景下公7财务理论与实践研究”（71790601);国家自然科学基金面上项目“控股股东股权质押动机、经济后果与治理机制研究”（71672157