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Multiple Faces of Encyclopedia:The Idea of Creative Cognition Practice and Ecos Semiotic Approach
No full text卢嫕，华南师范大学文学院特聘研究员，文学博士。【中文摘要】在《罗安娜女王的神秘火焰》中，意大利小说家与符号学家翁贝托•埃科曾经讲述了一位逆行性失忆症患者借助百科全书找回其个体记忆的故事。尽管埃科借此小说尝试探讨文化记忆与主体认知实践之间的关系问题,但是他的“百科全书”概念却时常被文学评论者们误认为是其博学特质的一种反映。然而从符号学角度来看，与“词典”范式所隐喻的归属秩序有别,该概念既指涉人类在不同历史时期所采用的认知模式，又意味着一种以创造和修正新模式为目的的符号性实践。一方面，通过肯定语义学模型所需的文化语境与主体感知成分，埃科使该种符号性实践成为诠释者通过发现事物之间潜在联系从而革新认知的一种方式;另一方面,埃科也借助“百科全书”概念弥合了他所提出的“符码理论”与“符号生产理论”之间的断裂，并在强调“解释项”之于实践的积极意义后，发现了实践反向修正既定框架的功能。从而把认知的生成归因于一种辩证、动态的系统性过程。最终,埃科的“百科全书”概念并非其丰富的知识背景的一种指称，而是对创新性认知实践及其历史的一种象征性表达。
【Abstract】In La misteriosa fiamrna della regina Loana， the Italian novelist and semiotician Umberto Eco presents a retrograde amnesia patient and his experience of encyclopedic cognition. This novel not only allows us to re - examine the concept “encyclopedia”,proposed by Eco，but also helps us understand his idea about the cultural cognition in practice. According to his analysis about the history of “encyclopedia”，this term not only signifies a dynamically and openly cognitive mode，but is also different from a kind of dichotomous taxonomy which is denominated as “ dictionar”.Therefore，the concept of “encyclopedia” reflects the change of knowledge hierarchy in a long period of histor，and in the meantime，it is also a basic mode for people to construct a world of imagination by semiotic practice. Besides，in terms of semiotics，the concept also reveals a dialectical relationship between form and practice. Thus，we can ascertain，Eco makes attempt to bridge the gap between theory of codes and theor of sign production by means of “encyclopedia”,as well as believes that the dialectical relationship between the “dictionary” and the “encyclopedia” will contribute to the practice of dynamically cultural cognition in semiosis. In Eco，s novel La misteriosa fiamma della regina Loana，he presents this relationship and the practice through reproducing the phenomenon of interpretation and modification in the conversation of “experience of life” and “experience of reading”
Study on Improving the Production of Ammonium Persulfate by Ion Membrane Electrolysis
No full text国内工厂生产过硫酸铵大多采用工艺简单且产品纯度高的电解法,但是电解法在生产过程中存在能耗过高的问题。这一问题限制了过硫酸铵在许多领域的进一步发展。针对这一现象,对硫酸铵电解生成过硫酸铵的设备及工艺进行设计和研究,以期达到降低能耗的目的。实验基于零极距和离子交换膜电解槽的设计,研究了加酸量、抑制剂用量、出入口温度和电解液浓度等因素对电解效率的影响。结果表明,在电解液中加酸并且在阳极液中添加抑制剂对提高电流效率和降低槽电压具有很大的影响,在最优条件下电流效率可达到98%,生产过程能耗显著降低。另外,电解槽还具有连续性生产、占地面积小的优势,进一步解决了厂家所面临的生产成本过高的问题。In china, the production of ammonium persulfate in factories mostly adopts the electrolysis method with simple process and high purity. However, there exists the problem of high energy consumption in the electrolysis process, which restricts the further development of ammonium persulfate in many fields. Aiming at this phenomenon, the equipment and technology to produce ammonium persulfate using electrolysis were designed and studied in order to reduce energy consumption. A new type of zero-pole distance and ion-exchange membrane industrial electrolytic cell was provided for the electrolysis production of ammonium persulfate. An ion-exchange membrane was used to separate the electrolytic cell into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, which avoided mixing of the electrolyte and improved the electrolysis efficiency. A platinum strip was spot welded on a titanium substrate as an anode and an iridium ruthenium oxide layer was coated on a titanium substrate as a cathode. In this experiment, the influences of acid concentration, inhibitor dosage, inlet and outlet temperatures, and electrolyte concentration on the electrolytic efficiency were studied based on the design of zero-pole distance and ion-exchange membrane electrolytic cell. The results show that there were great influences on improving current efficiency and reducing tank voltage by adding acid to electrolyte and inhibitor to anodic solution. Under the optimal conditions, the current efficiency could reach 98% and the energy consumption in production process could be significantly reduced. It can be seen that such a zero-pole distance and ion-exchange membrane electrolytic cell had the advantages of high current efficiency and low energy consumption. In addition, the electrolytic cell had the advantages of continuous production and small floor space, which further solves the problem of high production cost faced by manufacturers. The application of ion-exchange membrane electrolytic cell technology in the electrolysis of ammonium persulfate is an inevitable development.河北省产业创新创业团队项目(199A4210H)通讯作者:任聚杰E-mail:[email protected]:Ju-JieRenE-mail:[email protected].河北科技大学理学院,河北 石家庄 0500002.河北华普化工设备科技有限公司,河北 石家庄 0500001. School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China2. Hebei Huapu Chemical Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, Chin
The System Construction and Modern Inheritance of Ci-Poetics in the Qing Dynasty
No full text陈水云，武汉大学文学院教授、博士生导师，文学博士。【中文摘要】清代关于“词学”的理解有一个从指向创作到研究的过程,在长期探索过程中基本形成了体制、创作、词史三大知识版块。清代词学的体系建构主要表现在汇编型词话上,到晚清逐渐从单一知识型逐渐向知识、思想兼具型转化，《艺概》《论词随笔》《人间词话》即是其表现。进入清末民国，因为现代教科书编写蔚成风气,词学体系建构亦走向现代。
【Abstract】There was a process going from creation to research in the understanding of Ci-poetics in the Qing Dynasty. In the long process of exploration，three major sections of knowledge emerged ：system，creation and history of Ci. The system construction of Ci-poetics in the Qing Dynasty was mainly manifested in the compilation notes and comments about Ci，which gradually changed from a single type of knowledge to both knowledge and thought in the late Qing Dynasty，as evidenced by Summary of Art，Essays on Ci and Poetic Remarks on the Human World. In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China，modern textbook writing became a rising trend，driving the construction of Ci-poetics system towards modernization.国家社会科学基金项目“海峡两岸中华词学发展史”（18BZW080
The Triple Defense of Practical Materialism
No full text卜祥记，上海交通大学马克思主义学院特聘教授、博士生导师；刘雅兰，上海第二工业大学马克思主义学院讲师。【中文摘要】近40年来，国内学界针对实践唯物主义所展开的原则性批评集中在三个方面:实践唯物主义放弃了唯物主义基本立场、再度把实践原则神秘化以及并未在理论和实践上取得富有成效的成果。对此，我们必须做出如下澄清:实践唯物主义本质性地超越了认识论意义上的唯物主义和唯心主义、客观主义和主观主义之争，是把它们结合起来的真理;作为不同于理论哲学的实践哲学范式,实践唯物主义是马克思全新哲学立场的理论宣言，是走向唯物史观的理论中介;不论是作为新哲学范式的实践唯物主义,还是作为实践唯物主义具象化展开的唯物史观，它们都只是马克思用于破解资本主义之谜的理论准备和方法论工具，而不是马克思全部理论工作的宗旨所在。今天的马克思主义哲学研究,不应把马克思的哲学本身作为最主要的研究对象，而是要坚持实践唯物主义的实践性精神，运用唯物史观的基本立场和方法，反思紧迫的时代性课题。
【Abstract】In the past 40 years，the principled criticisms of practical materialism in the Chinese academic community have been focused on the following perception: Practical materialism has abandoned the basic standpoint of materialism，mystified the principle of practice once again，and failed to yield fruitful results in theory and practice. As such，we must clarify as follows ：Practical materialism essentially transcends the controversy between materialism and idealism and between objectivism and subjectivism in the sense of epistemology ；it is the truth that combines all of them. As a paradigm of practical philosophy as opposed to theoretical philosophy， practical materialism is the theoretical declaration of Marx's brand-new philosophical standpoint and the theoretical intermediary towards historical materialism. Both practical materialism as a new philosophical paradigm and historical materialism as a concrete development of practical materialism are only the theoretical preparations and methodological tools used by Marx to unravel the mystery of capitalism，rather than the purpose of all Marx's theoretical work. In the ongoing research on Marxist philosophy，we should not take Marx's philosophy itself as the main object of study ； rather，we should adhere to the practical spirit of practical materialism，adopt the fundamental standpoint and method of historical materialism，and reflect upon the most pressing issues
从身份认同视角探讨厦门大学校友文化的特点
Full text link本条目为“厦门大学美洲校友会校庆百年论坛”的演示文稿。傅志东教授是厦门大学1982届化学系校友。内容摘要：校友文化及其研究方法与意义；老一辈校友对母校认同的表现；老一辈校友对母校认同的特点；几点启发和反思
Luminol/Sulfamic Acid Electrochemiluminescence and Its Application for Dopamine Detection
Full text link在本文中,我们首次观察到氨基磺酸可以显著增强鲁米诺电化学发光,而且鲁米诺电化学发光的强度随着氨基磺酸浓度在0.1 μmol·L-1至500 μmol·L-1范围增加而线性增加。同时,我们观察到多巴胺可以显著猝灭鲁米诺-氨基磺酸电化学发光。基于该猝灭现象,我们建立了多巴胺的电化学发光分析方法,该方法的线性范围为0.5至20 μmol·L-1,检出限为30 nmol·L-1。该方法具有较好的选择性,尿酸、抗坏血酸、糖和一些氨基酸对电化学发光影响较小。采用标准加入法,成功地将鲁米诺-氨基磺酸体系用于尿液中多巴胺的电化学发光测定,回收率为103% ~ 105%。另外,我们还考察了多巴胺的猝灭机理,并用Stern-Volmer方程计算了的动态猝灭常数。Herein, sulfamic acid (SA) was utilized, for the first time, to enhance significantly the luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL). With the SA concentration increased from 0.1 μmol·L-1 to 500 μmol·L-1 the ECL intensity increased proportionally. The developed luminol/SA ECL system was employed to detect dopamine (DA) based on its prominent quenching effect. The Stern-Volmer equation of Io/I= 1+Ksv[DA] could be applied to express well the quenching mechanism of DA in the luminol/SA ECL system. The calibration plot showed that the increase in the DA concentration from 0.5 to 20 μmol·L-1 decreased linearly the ECL intensity with a detection limit of 30 nmol·L-1. The luminol/SA ECL system was successfully carried out for DA detection in urine real sample by employing the standard addition method with the excellent recoveries of 103% ~ 105%. Selectivity of the as-developed ECL system was also investigated by using uric acid, ascorbic acid, sugars and amino acids. The results indicated that the ECL intensities changed negligibly in the presence of other substances.通讯作者:徐国宝E-mail:[email protected]:Guo-BaoXuE-mail:[email protected].中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学国家重点实验室,吉林 长春 1300222.中国科学技术大学应用化学与工程学院,安徽 合肥 2300263.Wolkite university, College of natural & computational science, Department of chemistry,P.O Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia4.Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt5.深圳大学化学与环境工程学院及物理与光电工程学院,深圳 广东 5180006.Ambo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia7.Jimma University, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia1. State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, Jilin,China2. School of Applied chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China3. Wolkite university, College of Natural & Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia4. Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt5. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China6. Ambo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia7. Jimma University, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopi
Oxygen-Exposure Induced Rapid Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD in CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells
Full text linkSpiro-OMeTAD是钙钛矿型太阳能电池中应用最广泛的空穴传输材料,它本身的空穴传输率很低,需要氧化之后才能满足高效率太阳能电池器件的要求。然而,Spiro-OMeTAD在空气中的氧化时间较长,同时空气中的水分会造成器件效率的下降以及器件质量不稳定等不良后果。基于此,我们通过一步法制备CsPbIBr2无机钙钛矿太阳能电池,并将旋涂了Spiro-OMeTAD层的器件放在纯氧气中氧化,避免因水分导致的钙钛矿层分解。实验结果表明,氧气氧化后的器件最高效率为7.19%,高于空气中氧化的器件达到的最高效率6.29%,并且氧气氧化可以将Spiro-OMeTAD的氧化时间从18小时缩短到5小时。我们采用一系列电化学表征方法探讨了不同氧化条件下电池器件的性能差异.结果显示,纯氧气氧化Spiro-OMeTAD可以有效减低载流子复合,提高电荷传输。此外,我们采集了多个样本统计分析,发现采用氧气氧化的器件平均效率更高,器件质量更稳定,具有更好的可重复性。这种快速稳定的氧化方法为钙钛矿型太阳能电池的商业化开发提供了有效的思路。2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is the most widely used hole transport material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its oxidation in the air takes a long time and results in the attack of perovskite by water. In this regard, we performed the oxidation process of Spiro-OMeTAD in oxygen, where perovskite can be protected from water, guaranteeing the integrity of perovskite. It was demonstrated that the champion Spiro-OMeTAD based CsPbIBr2 PSCs after oxygen oxidation achieved a 7.19% power conversion efficiency (PCE), showing a higher PCE than 6.29% of the champion device oxidized in air. A series of electrochemical characterization methods were applied to investigate the performances of the different cell devices under different oxidation conditions. It was revealed that the oxygen oxidation enabled to enhance the hole conductivity of Spiro-OMeTAD, reduce the charge recombination and improve the charge transfer efficiency in PSCs. Moreover, the device with oxygen oxidation had a higher average efficiency and greater stability. This method makes the devices have better repeatability, which provides a reliable idea for the commercial development of PSCs.通讯作者:叶美丹E-mail:[email protected]:Mei-DanYeE-mail:[email protected]厦门大学物理科学与技术学院,生物仿生及软物质研究院,物理系,福建省柔性功能材料重点实验室,福建 厦门 361005Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology,Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Chin
Preface to the Special Issue of the Journal of Electrochemistry Celebrating 100 years of Chemistry at Xiamen University
Full text linkDesign and Fabrication of the Electrolytic Cell with Silicon-Based Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode and Its Feasibility forin-Situ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study
No full text电化学与核磁共振波谱联用技术（EC-NMR）可以实时监测电化学反应过程,从分子水平阐释反应机理,是一种非常有前景的无损在线检测技术。本文首次报道以硅基硼掺金刚石（Si/BDD）作为工作电极的原位EC-NMR三电极单室电解池的设计和制作。研究表明,由于尺寸12.5 mm × 1.2 mm × 0.5 mm的Si/BDD电极在核磁检测区的体积较小且电极材料厚度较薄,因此该电极对射频场的阻碍较小,对磁场均匀性破坏也相应较小。运用自制的EC-NMR电解池并以经典的对苯二酚（QH 2）电氧化生成对苯二醌（Q）作为模型体系,原位研究了该电化学反应的整个动态过程。在1.2 V恒电位下电解0.1 mol·L-1 QH2 64分钟,监测到位于位于6.83 ppm处的Q特征峰逐渐生成,反应过程中核磁谱峰未发生裂分或明显的展宽。结果表明,应用本文所设计并制备的原位EC-NMR电解池,可有效对电化学反应物和产物进行定性、定量分析,将可在后续的电化学原位核磁波谱研究中发挥重要作用。In-situ EC-NMR technique can be used to monitor the electrochemical reaction process in real-time and to explain the reaction mechanism at the molecular level, which is a promising and non-destructive online detection technology. This article for the first time reports the design and production of in-situEC-NMR three-electrode single-chamber electrolytic cell using silicon-based boron-doped diamond (Si/BDD) as the working electrode. Research shows that the geometric size of Si/BDD electrode being 12.5 mm 1.2 mm 0.5 mm in the NMR detection zone is small and the thickness of the electrode material is thin, which accounts for the less hindrance to the radio frequency field, and correspondingly the less damage to the uniformity of the magnetic field. The developed EC-NMR electrolytic cell was tested, and a classic electrochemical reaction of electrooxidation from hydroquinone (QH2) to benzoquinone (Q) was used as a model system to study the entire dynamic process in-situ. After electrolysis of 0.1 mol·L-1 QH2 at a constant potential of 1.2 V for 64 min, it is detected that the characteristic peak intensity of QH2 at 6.58 ppm was gradually decreased, and the characteristic Q peak at 6.83 ppm was gradually generated. The NMR spectrum peak did not split or broaden significantly during the reaction. The results demonstrate that the in-situ EC-NMR electrolytic cell designed and prepared in this paper can be effectively used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reactants and products in electrochemical reactions, which thus will play an important role in the subsequent researches on electrochemical in-situ NMR spectroscopy.国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0206500);国家自然科学基金项目(21974117)通讯作者:曹烁晖,孙世刚E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:Shuo-HuiCao,Shi-GangSunE-mail:[email protected];[email protected].厦门大学化学化工学院,福建 厦门 3610052.厦门大学电子科学与技术学院,福建 厦门 3610053.昆明贵金属研究所,云南 昆明 6501061. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China2. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005, Fujian3. Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, Yunan, Chin
Structural, Dynamic, Elastic and Electronic Properties of ANiN (A = Li, Na, Mg, Ca): First-Principles Calculations
No full text三元过渡金属氮化物ANiN (A = Li, Na, Mg, Ca)是潜在的可充放电池的电极材料。物理性质,比如热稳定性、电子能隙以及弹性稳定性等,对于这些材料的电池应用都是非常重要的。本文使用第一原理方法,对比研究了ANiN这些材料的结构、动力学、弹性和电子结构性质。对状态方程和声子谱的计算被用来确定体系的稳定结构。对最稳定结构的弹性常数的计算表明,这些稳定结构都满足 Born-Huang的稳定性判据,意味着它们的弹性稳定性。对体系电子结构的计算表明,LiNiN和CaNiN是半金属（half-metals）,MgNiN是磁性材料,而NaNiN是通常的金属。这些材料的磁学性质都通过Stoner理论进行了解释。最后,电荷密度的计算被用来很好地说明了这些材料中的Ni-N成键的特征,表明成键特点主要是离子性的,但明显地混合了共价性。Ternary transition metal nitrides ANiN (A = Li, Na, Mg, Ca) are potential electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. The physical properties, such as the thermodynamic stability, the electronic band gap as well as the elastic stability, are important for their battery applications. Here, comparative studies are performed for the structural, dynamic, elastic and electronic properties of ANiN by the first-principles method. The calculations on the cohesive energy versus unit-cell volume and phonon spectra are employed to determine the most stable structures of ANiN. The calculated elastic constants of the most stable structures indicate that the Born-Huang criterion for the elastic stability can all be satisfied, showing the elastic stability of the materials. The electronic structures calculations suggest that LiNiN and CaNiN are half-metals, MgNiN is magnetic metal, while NaNiN is a common metal. The magnetization of the materials is understood by the Stoner theory. Furthermore, the charge density plots have been used to illustrate the bonding between Ni and N atoms, which is mainly ionic mixed with covalent.通讯作者:朱梓忠E-mail:[email protected]:Zi-ZhongZhuE-mail:[email protected].厦门大学物理科学与技术学院,福建 厦门 3610052.厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建 厦门 3610053.厦门大学福建省理论和计算化学重点实验室, 福建 厦门 3610051. Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiaman 361005, Fujian, China2. State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Chin