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Election Violence in Nigeria: The Experience of 2003 to 2015 General Elections
Full text linkThe problem of election violence in Nigeria is not new and has always engaged the attention of scholars but while some conclude that the problem is symptomatic of ethnicity or tribalism, others argue that the problem is caused by religious differences. However, it is the contention of this paper that the wide spread of violence across the country, during the 2003 to 2015 general elections, makes it plausible to assert that election violence is not and cannot be caused by ethnicity, tribalism or religion in Nigeria. The analyses in this paper are on the basis of the six geopolitical zones of the country, the North Central, the North East, the North West, the South East, the South South and the South West. The violence that occurred in each zone, among the same ethnic group, tribe, religion, cannot possibly be caused by ethnic hostility, tribalism or religious intolerance. Rather, the paper argues that intra and inter party crisis, occasioned by the crisis of in-cohesive dominant class more than any other problem creates bitter divisions among the people, who are followers of the belligerent factions of the dominant class, which is why a losing group does not accept none favourable election results and will take to violence
Repositioning Social Work for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding: A Conceptual and Empirical Reflection on Sustainable Development
Full text linkThis study investigated the relationship between social work practices, conflict resolution, and sustainable peacebuilding. Building on the conceptual framework of social justice and conflict transformation, the research empirically examines how social work engagement influences peacebuilding outcomes within sustainable development contexts. Using a descriptive and correlational design, data was collected from 250 respondents and community practitioners through structured questionnaires. The dataset included three variables: Social Work Engagement, Conflict Resolution, and Sustainable Peacebuilding, all measured on a five-point Likert scale (1= Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree). Linear regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. Results indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between social work interventions and sustainable peace outcomes (β = 0.48, p < 0.05). The study concludes that integrating conflict-sensitive social work practice substantially enhances sustainable development efforts. Recommendations offered include educational reforms, policy integration, cultural sensitivity, capacity building, and practice innovation in the social work profession
The Focus and Tendency of Studies on Pre-Service Teachers’ Information Communication Technology Teaching Competency in China
Full text linkInformation communication technology (ICT) teaching competency is one of the key competencies of Pre-Service Teachers. This study uses CiteSpace, analyzing 332 studies on “pre-service teachers’ ICT teaching competency” in China over the period from 2004 to 2024 in the database of CNKI. It is found that the research on pre-service teachers’ ICT teaching competency can be divided into the initial development period and the increasing period. A key author group for the research of pre-service teachers’ ICT teaching competency has not yet been formed, and the cooperation between authors and research institutions needs to be strengthened. The main research focuses on six major themes: student teachers, teaching competency, information technology, information literacy, pre-service teachers, and influencing factors. It is believed that there are three directions of deepening the research of pre-service teachers’ ICT teaching competency which are strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and cross-field integration, integrating evidence-based evaluation and intelligent technology, optimizing methods and simulating problem-driven approach
A Comparative Study of Folk Charity Activities in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Late Ming Dynasty
Full text linkThe Southern Song Dynasty and the Late Ming Dynasty showed significant differences in civil charitable activities. In the Southern Song Dynasty, local elites such as scholars and gentry were the core, relying on blood and geographic networks to carry out a wide range of relief, including disaster relief, poverty alleviation, medical care, and public welfare, with a diverse range of service recipients and a wide geographic distribution, especially in remote areas to make up for the inadequacy of the official relief, and highlighting the autonomy of the local community and its ability to cope with crises. In the Late Ming, on the other hand, there was a shift towards organization and moralization, represented by the charities led by the scholars, such as the Tongshan Association, which raised funds through a membership fee system, limited their service targets to groups that met ethical standards, and concentrated their activities in the cities of the southern part of the Yangtze River, where they provided both material assistance and the dissemination of rationalistic values. The difference between the two reflects different social development conditions, while the Southern Song relied on local informal power due to weak central control, the Late Ming strengthened the moral order through institutionalized charity, reflecting the moral response of the scholars to social problems under the economic prosperity
A Study on the Cultivation Path of College English Students’ Comprehensive Qualities Under the Concept of Cultivating People as the Foundation
Full text linkUnder the guidance of the educational concept of cultivating people as the foundation, College English teaching is not only the imparting of English knowledge, but also the process of improving students’ Comprehensive Qualities (in this study, referring to students’ disciplinary competence, quality of innovative development, ideological and moral quality), hereinafter referred to shortly as students’ CQs. Through the instructional case across four levels of teaching design: course introduction, theme presentation, reading and critical thinking, interactive reflection, this study explores effective path to the cultivation of students’ CQs in College English teaching, in order to highlight the core value of fostering students’ CQs and demonstrate the educational effectiveness that can be achieved through the integration of ideological and political education with College English teaching
Beyond Democratization, Balanced Nationalism as Mechanism for National Development in Postcolonial Africa: The Nigerian Instance Since 1999
Full text linkSince 1999 when military rule yielded way to civilian administration in Nigeria, democratization would seem to have grown sustainably given that periodic elections have been held to usher in transition from one civilian government to another. This implies that for a quarter of a century, Nigeria has had democratic succession into national leadership and governance. However, pervasive atmosphere of insecurity, poverty and social tensions as antitheses of true development have been commonplace under each and all of the regimes. This grim reality triggers the compelling need to ask and find answer to the question; why has democratic rule not propelled Nigeria into the pathway of state and human security, sustainable development and social harmony? Therefore, this article argues that while steady and sustainable development anchored on democratic rule was Nigerian nationalists’ topmost shared desire as the country marched to independence in 1960, their failure to emplace and nurture a genuine balanced nationalism to grow a healthy postcolonial state-citizen synergy has been a cardinal causative factor for the obvious developmental challenges of Nigeria since independence. The main objectives of the study are: presenting a cursory but comprehensive account of plaintive and radical nationalism in Nigeria; and examining the multi-dimensional repelling impact of the prevalent skewed or imbalanced nationalism on sustainable national development in Nigeria by drawing some illustrations from the Nigerian democratization experience since 1999. Its central thesis is that, while democratic culture of governance is good and should be nurtured, a more balanced nationalism is an imperative mechanism for meeting the national aspiration as domiciled in cohesion, sustainable development and rewarding citizen-state synergy
Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Delivery: Implication for Ethics of Care in Africa
Full text linkArtificial Intelligence (AI) has been described as a “game-changer” significantly impacting various sectors, particularly academia, business, and healthcare. Advances in AI have profound implications for caregivers, patients, the healthcare system, and society. Key global concerns surrounding AI in healthcare include questions such as: Will its integration improve diagnosis, treatment, and research? Will it democratize healthcare access and address ethical concerns of moral distancing, or will it introduce errors and inefficiencies? This paper aims to explore these questions within the African context, focusing particularly on the implications for the Ethics of Care, which is a moral framework that emphasizes the importance of relationships and dependencies in human life. Specifically, it examines whether AI in healthcare can sustain the core relational and dependency elements central to this ethical theory. It also investigates whether AI’s role as a caregiver can align with the emotional and bodily aspects that the Ethics of Care deems essential to moral deliberations. The paper employs conceptual and critical analysis to address these issues and provide a deeper understanding of AI’s ethical ramifications within the healthcare system
Construction of a Course Effectiveness Evaluation System: A Case Study of the “Silicate Petrography” Course
Full text linkSilicate Petrography is a core course in the Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials Engineering major, and its teaching quality significantly impacts students’ knowledge accumulation and professional ability development. This paper, based on the OBE (Outcomes-Based Education) philosophy, uses Silicate Petrography as an example to construct a “standardized, process-oriented, value-added” course effectiveness evaluation system. This system focuses on student growth, learning processes, and capability enhancement, utilizing a data-driven feedback mechanism for teaching quality to enhance the scientific rigor and objectivity of course evaluations. Research results indicate that this course effectiveness evaluation system not only improves student learning outcomes but also provides strong support for continuous course improvement, demonstrating high application and promotion value
Understanding Literacy Constructions of Kindergarten Children: A Chinese Perspective
Full text linkLiteracy is a growing field within applied linguistics, education and media studies. According to UNESCO (1957), “literacy is something which enabled you to follow our career path and do what society requires of you.” Literacy development cannot be separated with the societal and economic background and this paper is focused on the early childhood literacy construction of Chinese urban children from the angle of functional literacy, which helps to understand how a child’s early literacy can be constructed in order to help him/her to be functionally literate forward into adult life in the suited social context
A Study on the Blended Teaching Mode of College English Writing
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the application of a blended learning model for college English writing teaching based on the Production-Oriented Approach (POA) theory. An eight-step blended teaching mode for English writing instruction is designed and applied in English writing courses for first-year non-English majors at a comprehensive university in Beijing. Results show that the blended learning mode in the study suits the characteristics and English proficiency levels of the target students. Effects have been achieved in addressing the issue of weak writing motivation among students in traditional college English writing classes and in enhancing the quality of students' written output as well as in improving the efficiency of teachers' writing correction work