1,720,998 research outputs found

    Ken-Spielanleitungen 1771 bis 1997: Unbeachtete Quellen für Kultur-, Literatur-, Sozial- und Kunstgeschichte

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    Ken 拳 was the most popular game in Japan from the middle of the 18th to the middle of the 20th century. Originating in China and developing initially in the licensed quarters this drinking game soon transcended the boundaries of the red light districts and became popular among the whole population, young and old, men and women, commoners and samurai, either as numbers-ken (hon-ken, kazu-ken) or as sansukumi-ken (ken of the three who are afraid of one another), especially as fox-ken (kitsune-ken, Tōhachi-ken). The existence of six instruction books for the game published within the short time span of 85 years only during the late Edo period gives convincing proof of the game’s popularity. The author discusses these six books and four other ones from the 20th century and states that these instruction books may not only be consulted by ken players or researchers in the history of games, but their contents might be valuable also for researchers in literary, cultural, art and social history of Japan.Ken 拳 was the most popular game in Japan from the middle of the 18th to the middle of the 20th century. Originating in China and developing initially in the licensed quarters this drinking game soon transcended the boundaries of the red light districts and became popular among the whole population, young and old, men and women, commoners and samurai, either as numbers-ken (hon-ken, kazu-ken) or as sansukumi-ken (ken of the three who are afraid of one another), especially as fox-ken (kitsune-ken, Tōhachi-ken). The existence of six instruction books for the game published within the short time span of 85 years only during the late Edo period gives convincing proof of the game’s popularity. The author discusses these six books and four other ones from the 20th century and states that these instruction books may not only be consulted by ken players or researchers in the history of games, but their contents might be valuable also for researchers in literary, cultural, art and social history of Japan

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    The Family as a Constitutive Element of Japanese Civilization

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    拳の文化史

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