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Estimativa de emissões de nitrogênio reativo na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus São Cristóvão
Get PDFThe chemical element Nitrogen (N) in its molecular form (N2), composes 78% of atmospheric air and is characterized by being inert and stable. In addition to N2, there are several nitrogen-based compounds, such as ammonia (NH3), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), nitrous oxide (NO) etc. These are called reactive nitrogen (Nr) since they have a participatory frequency of chemical reactions. Among these forms, the most toxic is an ammonia, being the main cause of eutrophication of water bodies. The Nr can be generated in electric discharges, in the factory chimneys, in the exhaust of vehicles, among others. Anthropic actions have altered the natural cycle of the element and promoting disastrous consequences from the socioeconomic and environmental point of view by raising significantly as Nr emissions to atmosphere. Considering the relevance of this topic, it was decided to quantify as Nr emissions in the São Cristóvão Campus of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), resulting from human activities in this campus, as well as to propose alternatives to reduce its emission. It was concluded that the main source of Nr in the UFS comes from air transport, with 10,354.9 kg N a year-1, followed by energy with 1,470.45 kg N year-1. Public policies and environmental awareness campaigns are among measures to alleviate this problemO elemento químico Nitrogênio (N) em sua forma molecular (N2), compõe 78% do ar atmosférico e caracteriza-se por ser inerte e estável. Além do N2, existem vários compostos de base nitrogenada, a exemplo da amônia (NH3), amônio (NH4), nitrato (NO3), nitrito (NO2), óxido nitroso (NO) etc. A estes se denominam nitrogênio reativo (Nr), uma vez que com frequência participam de reações químicas. Dentre estas formas, a mais tóxica é a amônia, sendo a principal causa da eutrofização de corpos hídricos. O Nr pode ser gerado nas descargas elétricas, nas chaminés das fábricas, nos escapamentos dos veículos, dentre outros. Ações antrópicas têm alterado o ciclo natural deste elemento e promovendo consequências desastrosas do ponto de vista socioeconômico e ambiental ao elevar significativamente as emissões de Nr para atmosfera. Diante da relevância do referido tema, optou-se por quantificar as emissões de Nr no Campus São Cristóvão da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), decorrentes de atividades humanas neste campus, além de propor alternativas para reduzir sua emissão. Concluiu-se que a principal fonte de Nr na UFS é oriunda do transporte aéreo, com 10.354,9 kg N ano-1, seguido da energia com 1.470,45 kg N ano-1. Políticas públicas e campanhas de sensibilização ambiental estão entre as possíveis medidas para amenizar este problemaSão Cristóvão, S
Estimativa da geração de nitrogênio reativo em duas instituições de ensino superior da região Nordeste do Brasil
Get PDFNitrogen in its molecular form (N2) is an available gas that makes up 78% of the atmospheric
air and is characterized by being a stable and inert gas. The other nitrogen-based reactive species
(Nr) are generated through innumerable natural and anthropogenic processes. When poorly
applied, it is an agent harmful to agriculture and forests. The same Nr atom can cause multiple
undesirable effects on the atmosphere, on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as well as on
human health. These effects are known as effects of the nitrogen cascade. The present work
aims to estimate the sources of Nr at the Ondina Campus of the Federal University of Bahia
(UFBA) and the São Cristóvão Campus of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), as well as
propose alternatives to mitigate and/or compensate, the generation of Nr on these campuses. To
do so, this exploratory thesis made use of bibliographical review and field visits in both
campuses to obtain the data of electric energy consumed, terrestrial and aerial trips made by the
academic community, food, waste and effluent of the campus among others necessary estimate
of such emissions. As main results, it was observed that in relation to Ondina Campus by UFBA,
its sources were estimated, where the highest emission was related to the aerial trips of this
campus carried out by the academic population that represents about 60% of all campus
broadcasting. As for São Cristóvão Campus by UFS, the highest estimated emission was related
to the transportation of buses that serve the academic community, which represented about 30%
of the total emission of said campus. There were several negative environmental aspects in both
institutions, such as the significant waste of food, unnecessary use of energy-consuming
equipment, irrational use of fuel in official cars of the campus, use of many private cars with
only one individual, drastic reduction of green areas for construction of buildings, among others.
In view of the diagnoses made, several mitigating actions were suggested to minimize the
generation of reactive nitrogen in these campuses, mainly focusing on the aspects identified
with higher emission value, namely: reduction of air travel opting for the use of computer
technology, when justified for the purpose of evaluating academic work; Reduction of the use
of animal protein based diets; Encourage the use of collective transportation when possible as
well as generate a carpool program in the case of private cars; Segregate, treat and store urine
generated on campus, taking advantage of fertilizer for green areas etc.O Nitrogênio em sua forma molecular (N2) é um gás disponível que compõe 78% do ar
atmosférico e caracteriza-se por ser um gás estável e inerte. Já as demais espécies reativas de
base nitrogenada (Nr) são geradas através de inúmeros processos, tanto de origem natural como
de origem antrópica. Quando mal aplicado trata-se de um agente danoso à agricultura e florestas.
O mesmo átomo de Nr pode causar múltiplos efeitos indesejáveis na atmosfera, nos
ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos bem como na saúde humana. Esses efeitos são conhecidos
como efeitos da cascata de nitrogênio. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estimar as fontes
de Nr no Campus Ondina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e no Campus São
Cristóvão da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), bem como propor alternativas para
mitigar e/ou compensar, a geração de N nestes campus. Para tal, esta tese de caráter exploratório
fez uso de revisão bibliográfica e de visitas de campo em ambos os campus para obtenção dos
dados de energia elétrica consumida, viagens terrestres e aéreas realizadas pela comunidade
acadêmica, alimentos, resíduos e efluentes dos campus dentre outros necessários à estimativa
de cálculo das referidas emissões. Como resultados principais observou-se que no tocante ao
Campus Ondina da UFBA, foram estimadas as suas fontes, onde a mais alta emissão foi
referente às viagens aéreas desse campus realizadas pela população acadêmica que representa
cerca de 60% de toda emissão do campus. Já para o Campus São Cristóvão da UFS, a mais alta
emissão estimada foi referente ao transporte de ônibus que servem à comunidade acadêmica,
que representou cerca de 30% da emissão total do referido campus. Constatou-se a existência
de diversos aspectos ambientais negativos em ambas instituições, tais como o significativo
desperdício de alimentos, uso desnecessário de equipamentos consumidores de energia, uso
irracional de combustível em carros oficiais dos campus, uso de muitos carros particulares com
apenas um indivíduo, redução drástica de áreas verdes para construção de edificações, dentre
outros. Diante dos diagnósticos realizados, sugeriu-se diversas ações mitigadoras para
minimização da geração do nitrogênio reativo nesses campus, principalmente com foco nos
aspectos identificados com maior valor de emissão, a saber: redução das viagens aéreas optando
pelo uso de tecnologia de informática, quando a viagem for justificada para fins de avaliação
de trabalhos acadêmicos; Redução do uso de dietas a base de proteína animal; Incentivar o uso
de transporte coletivo quando possível bem como gerar um programa de caronas no caso dos
carros particulares; Segregar, tratar e armazenar a urina gerada no campus, aproveitando como
fertilizante para as áreas verdes etc.São Cristóvão, S
Identificação dos compostos da arruda através de cromatografia e uso do amostrador Headspace
Get PDFA presente pesquisa utiliza a Arruda (Ruta graveolens L.), erva bastante utilizada para fins terapêuticos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é otimizar a extração dos Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (COV´s) da Ruta graveolens L. utilizando a técnica do headspace, afim de melhor identificar os COV´s da erva através da cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas. Para tal, como método de extração, escolheu-se o headspace utilizando um cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas como técnicas de detecção e identificação respectivamente. A condição que promoveu a melhor identificação dos componentes contemplando boa resolução, separação e intensidade de sinal obtidos nos cromatogramas foi encontrada utilizando 3g de folhas colocadas em frascos de headspace de 20 ml, juntamente com 5 ml de água e 1,5 gramas de NaCl, prensadas e maceradas e submetidos à aquecimento na temperatura de 60°C durante 23 minutos, para posterior análise cromatográfica. Após realização da análise cromatográfica, fez-se a detecção e identificação dos compostos mediante uso de biblioteca considerando como valor mínimo 90% de similaridade, resultando na presença de ésteres, aldeídos, cetonas, alcoóis, aminas além de mono terpenos cíclicos, perfazendo um total de dezessete compostos identificados que são utilizados para diversos fins tais como fabricação de produtos cosméticos, confecção de odores artificiais, solvente de resinas, pigmentos, tintas, na fabricação de adesivos, tratamento da hiperplasia benigna prostática etc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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