160 research outputs found
Battles with false positives in static analysis of JavaScript web applications in the wild
No full textNow that HTML5 technologies are everywhere from web services to various platforms, assuring quality of web applications becomes very important. While web application developers use syntactic checkers and type-related bug detectors, extremely dynamic features and diverse execution environments of web applications make it particularly difficult to statically analyze them leading to too many false positives. Recently, researchers have developed static analyzers for JavaScript web applications addressing quirky JavaScript language semantics and browser environments, but they lack empirical studies on the practicality of such analyzers. In this paper, we collect 30 JavaScript web applications in the wild, analyze them using SAFE, the state-of-the-art JavaScript static analyzer with bug detection, and investigate false positives in the analysis results. After manually inspecting them, we classify 7 reasons that cause the false positives: W3C APIs, browser-specific APIs, JavaScript library APIs, dynamic file loading, dynamic code generation, asynchronous calls, and others. Among them, we identify 4 cases which are the sources of false positives that we can practically reduce. Rather than striving for sound analysis with unrealistic assumptions, we choose to be intentionally unsound to analyze web applications in the real world with less false positives. Our evaluation shows that the approach effectively reduces false positives in statically analyzing web applications in the wild
Transferências linguístico-culturais em An invincible memory de João Ubaldo Ribeiro: a autotradução de palavras sufixadas por -inho à luz da estilística de corpus
No full textViva o povo brasileiro was translated into several languages, such as, German, Dutch, Swedish,
French, and Spanish. However, into English, the author himself translated into this language,
therefore, a self-translation. The novel was published in 1984 and its self-translation, An
invincible memory, in 1989. In this study, I analyse the use of the suffix -inho in a monolingual
comparable corpus, in order to verify if the suffix -inho is a Brazilian linguistic-cultural
characteristic by means of comparisons and contrasts in subcorpora containing Portuguese,
Brazilian and English-speaking authors' literary texts translated into Portuguese. Thereby, being
able to treat the use of the suffix by João Ubaldo not only as a stylistic aspect of himself, but as
a peculiarity that seems to exist prominently in Brazilian Portuguese. In addition, I investigate
the circulation of translated Ubaldian works, in order to observe if there were signs that
motivated the realization of the second Ubaldian self-translation and to understand the
linguistic-cultural implications of this circulation on the self-translated text. Finally, I compare
the self-translation carried out by João Ubaldo in the bilingual parallel corpus Viva o povo
brasileiro/An invincible memory with special attention to the words suffixed by -inho. This
research is based on authors who describe the morphological aspects (FERRARI NETO, 2014;
GONÇALVES, M. 2006; and others), on researchers who present sociocultural aspects,
considering the interfaces with society, language and culture (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2016;
SOUZA, 2015; and others), on theorists who expose about stylistics (MARTINS, 2011;
MONTEIRO, 2009, 2002; SIMPSON, 2004, 1997; and others), corpus linguistics (BERBER
SARDINHA, 2004; VIANA, 2010, 2008; and others) and corpus stylistics (FISCHERSTARCKE, 2010), but mainly in authors who are inserted in the Translation Studies (AUBERT,
1998; GENTZLER, 2009; HEILBRON, 1999; OUSTINOFF, 2011; and others). The results, in
the comparable monolingual corpus, may point out that the use of the suffix -inho is linked to
the sociolinguistic-cultural behaviour of the cordial man described by Holanda (1995) as one
who refrains from politeness to give way to intimacy and that, many times, it reveals itself in
its sociolect through the almost unrestricted and frequent use of the suffix -inho, therefore, a
Brazilian sociolinguistic-literary-cultural characteristic. In addition, the analysis may also
indicate that the second self-translated Ubaldian novel occurred due to factors inherent in the
circulation of other translated Ubaldian literary works. Finally, the bilingual parallel corpus has
a slight numerical advantage for indirect translations compared to direct translations.
Consequently, such quantifications indicate that the translation of words suffixed by -inho is
more linked to a considerable change in the form and/or function of the suffix -inho in order to
indicate a domestication by the self-translation. On the other hand, the numerical difference is
not so disparate and, therefore, may also corroborate to a perspective that self-translation was
guided by an ideology of not erasing linguistic-cultural aspects. Therewith, there is a balance
between resistance and adaptation to the target language and its corresponding cultures, that is,
a self-translation that seems to contain foreignization and domestication at similar levels.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqViva o povo brasileiro foi traduzido para diversos idiomas, dentre as línguas estão o alemão, o
holandês, o sueco, o francês e o espanhol. Todavia, para a língua inglesa, o próprio autor
realizou uma versão para este idioma, por consequência, uma autotradução. O romance foi
publicado, em 1984, e sua autotradução, An invincible memory, em 1989. Neste estudo, analiso
o uso do sufixo -inho em corpus comparável monolíngue, a fim de verificar se o sufixo -inho é
uma característica linguístico-cultural brasileira por meio de comparações e contrastes em
subcorpora contendo textos literários lusitanos, brasileiros e textos traduzidos para o português,
e, com isso, poder tratar o uso do sufixo por João Ubaldo não apenas como aspecto estilístico
seu, mas como uma particularidade que parece existir proeminentemente no português
brasileiro. Além disso, investigo a circulação de obras ubaldianas traduzidas, de forma a
observar se houve indícios que motivaram a realização da segunda autotradução ubaldiana e
perceber as implicações linguístico-culturais dessa circulação sobre o texto autotraduzido. Por
fim, cotejo a mediação intercultural autotradutória realizada por João Ubaldo no corpus paralelo
bilíngue Viva o povo brasileiro/An invincible memory com atenção especial sobre as palavras
sufixadas por -inho. Esta pesquisa baseia-se em autores que descrevem aspectos morfológicos
(FERRARI NETO, 2014; GONÇALVES, M. 2006; etc.), em pesquisadores que apresentam
aspectos socioculturais que consideram as interfaces com a sociedade, a língua e a cultura
(FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2016; SOUZA, 2015; etc.), em teóricos que expõem sobre a
estilística (MARTINS, 2011; MONTEIRO, 2009, 2002; SIMPSON, 2004, 1997; etc.), a
linguística de corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004; VIANA, 2010, 2008; etc.) e a estilística
de corpus (FISCHER-STARCKE, 2010), mas, principalmente, em autores que estão inseridos
nos estudos tradutológicos (AUBERT, 1998; GENTZLER, 2009; HEILBRON, 1999;
OUSTINOFF, 2011; etc.). Os resultados, no corpus comparável monolíngue, apontam que o
uso do sufixo -inho pode estar atrelado ao comportamento sociolinguístico-cultural do homem
cordial descrito por Holanda (1995) como aquele que se abstém da polidez para dar lugar à
intimidade e que, muitas vezes, revela-se em seu socioleto através do uso quase irrestrito e
frequente do sufixo -inho, logo, uma característica sociolinguístico-literário-cultural brasileira.
Além disso, a análise também parece apontar que o segundo romance ubaldiano autotraduzido
pode ter ocorrido devido a fatores inerentes à circulação de outras obras literárias ubaldianas
traduzidas. Por fim, o corpus paralelo bilíngue apresenta uma leve vantagem numérica para as
traduções indiretas em comparação às traduções diretas. Consequentemente, tais quantificações
indicam que a tradução de palavras sufixadas por -inho está mais atrelada a uma mudança
considerável da forma e/ou da função do sufixo -inho de maneira a indicar uma domesticação
por parte da autotradução. Por outro lado, é notório que a diferença numérica não é tão díspar
e, por isso, também podem corroborar para uma perspectiva de que a autotradução se guiou por
uma ideologia de não apagamento de aspectos linguístico-culturais. Em vista disso, há um
equilíbrio entre resistência e adaptação à língua-alvo e suas culturas correspondentes, isto é,
uma autotradução que parece conter estrangeirização e domesticação em níveis semelhantes
Observation of plateau-like magnetoresistance in twisted Fe3GeTe2/Fe3GeTe2 junction
No full text© 2020 Author(s). Controlling the stacking of van der Waals (vdW) materials is found to produce exciting new findings, since hetero- or homo-structures have added the diverse possibility of assembly and manipulated functionalities. However, so far, the homostructure with a twisted angle based on the magnetic vdW materials remains unexplored. Here, we achieved a twisted magnetic vdW Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/Fe3GeTe2 junction with broken crystalline symmetry. A clean and metallic vdW junction is evidenced by the temperature-dependent resistance and the linear I-V curve. Unlike the pristine FGT, a plateau-like magnetoresistance (PMR) is observed in the magnetotransport of our homojunction due to the antiparallel magnetic configurations of the two FGT layers. The PMR ratio is found to be similar to 0.05% and gets monotonically enhanced as temperature decreases like a metallic giant magnetoresistance. Such a tiny PMR ratio is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, justifying our clean metallic junction without a spacer. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the controllable homostructure and shed light on future spintronics using magnetic vdW materials. Published under license by AIP Publishing11sciescopu
Fabrication of Semiconducting Nanoribbons with Tunable Length and Width via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of a Homopolymer Prepared by Cyclopolymerization Using Grubbs Catalyst
No full text© 2022 American Chemical Society.Precise control of the width and length of one-dimensional (1D) semiconducting nanostructures is a topic of attention owing to the potential applications of such nanostructures in optoelectronics. However, regulating both the length and width of the 1D nanostructures using conjugated polymers or block copolymers is a significant challenge. To solve this problem, we synthesized a unique conjugated polyacetylene homopolymer via living cyclopolymerization, which spontaneously formed 1D nanoribbons via in situ nanoparticlization. Interestingly, their widths could be controlled from 11 to 42 nm, which is directly proportional to their degree of polymerization. Furthermore, a self-seeding technique via crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) was adopted to control the length of the nanoribbons up to 2.3 μm with narrow distributions. Interestingly, adding a block copolymer unimer to these nanoribbons produced triblock comicelles by the living CDSA mechanism. The nanoribbons were visualized directly by super-resolution optical fluorescence microscopy. The proposed approach allows us to tune the length and width of 1D nanoribbons up to a certain degree.N
Gigantic Current Control of Coercive Field and Magnetic Memory Based on Nanometer-Thin Ferromagnetic van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
No full textControlling magnetic states by a small current is essential for the next-generation of energy-efficient spintronic devices. However, it invariably requires considerable energy to change a magnetic ground state of intrinsically quantum nature governed by fundamental Hamiltonian, once stabilized below a phase-transition temperature. Here, it is reported that, surprisingly, an in-plane current can tune the magnetic state of the nanometer-thin van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 from a hard magnetic state to a soft magnetic state. It is a direct demonstration of the current-induced substantial reduction of the coercive field. This surprising finding is possible because the in-plane current produces a highly unusual type of gigantic spin-orbit torque for Fe3GeTe2. In addition, a working model of a new nonvolatile magnetic memory based on the principle of the discovery in Fe3GeTe2, controlled by a tiny current, is further demonstrated. The findings open up a new window of exciting opportunities for magnetic van der Waals materials with potentially huge impact on the future development of spintronic and magnetic memory.11Nsciescopu
Engineering M13 Bacteriophage Nanoplatforms for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
No full textM13 bacteriophage, a naturally monodisperse multifunctional nanostructure, consists of thousands of distinct protein subunits organized in a filamentous viral capsid; 900nm in length and 6nm in diameter. All M13 capsids are amenable to mutation and can be tuned for the binding and nucleation of inorganics and nanoparticles, and for the expression of ligands, functional moieties, and even enzymes. To harness these capabilities for medical imaging and therapy, the author has (i) tailored the assembly of M13 into ultra-short, ‘inho’, phage derived particles, (ii) developed a chlorotoxin (CTX) motif on the M13 p3 capsid to enable phage particle crossing of the blood-brain-barrier and homing to glioblastoma cancer cells, and (iii) built ‘inho’ phage derived transgene cassettes for phage gene delivery in mammalian cells. Tight control over the genetic sequence provided by ‘inho’ phagemids allow production of phage particles ranging in length from 25nm to over 2500nm, as dictated by the length of the packaged DNA. This length control over the phage filament is used to demonstrate the impact of the particle length on the morphology of phage templated metal nanofoams and on the in-vitro and in-vivo tissue trafficking of targeted phage nanocarrriers. An optimal length for enhancing ion transport and active material access in MnOx cathodes is described. Chlorotoxin-phages, conjugate with indocyanine green dye (ICG), are visualized in-vivo in the second window near infrared (SWIR) and home effectively to mouse brain tumor. Ultra-short, 50nm chlorotoxin-phage particles are shown to vastly improve this localization specificity. Additionally, the ‘inho’ phagemid system is engineered to produce ITR-flanked transgene cassettes. Such reporter genes packaged within targeted, cationically modified, ‘inho’ phages are able to transduce liver and brain cancer cells. The closed-ended, single-stranded ‘inho’ phage-derived cassettes have capacity up to 20 kilobases and can be delivered within phage particles as well as non-viral delivery vehicles. Ultimately, therapy or imaging agent carrying, miniaturized, chlorotoxin-targeted, M13 phage is considered here as a complete nanotheranostic platform that could augment the therapeutic efficacy of combination drugs shuttled to the site of glioma. The described multimodal, nanoplatform is re-designable for applications in nanomaterials, diagnostics, and across disease types.Ph.D
Safety and efficacy of nilotinib in adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: a post-marketing surveillance study in Korea
No full textBACKGROUND: Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for frontline and 2nd line treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph(+) CML). This study aimed to confirm the safety and efficacy of nilotinib in routine clinical practice within South Korea. METHODS: An open-label, multicenter, single-arm, 12-week observational post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was conducted on 669 Korean adult patients with Ph(+) CML from December 24, 2010, to December 23, 2016. The patients received nilotinib treatment in routine clinical practice settings. Safety was evaluated by all types of adverse events (AEs) during the study period, and efficacy was evaluated by the complete hematological response (CHR) and cytogenetic response. RESULTS: During the study period, AEs occurred in 61.3% (410 patients, 973 events), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in 40.5% (271/669 patients, 559 events), serious AEs in 4.5% (30 patients, 37 events), and serious ADRs in 0.7% (5 patients, 8 events). Furthermore, unexpected AEs occurred at a rate of 6.9% (46 patients, 55 events) and unexpected ADRs at 1.2% (8 patients, 8 events). As for the efficacy results, CHR was achieved in 89.5% (442/494 patients), and minor cytogenetic response or major cytogenetic response was achieved in 85.8% (139/162 patients). CONCLUSION: This PMS study shows consistent results in terms of safety and efficacy compared with previous studies. Nilotinib was well tolerated and efficacious in adult Korean patients with Ph(+) CML in routine clinical practice settings
Análise acústica de vogais médias-baixas em palavras simples e complexas
No full textIn this study, we propose an acoustic investigation of the low-mid vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ], considered as markers of stressed position in some BP dialects. The fact that these vowels do not neutralize and, therefore, do not undergo elevation in the initial position of complex words formed by compositional suffixes (Schwindt, 2013; Author, 2021) – namely, ‑(z)inho, ‑(z)íssimo and ‑mente (e.g. b[ɛ]linha, b[ɛ]lazinha, b[ɛ]líssima, b[ɛ]lamente) – leads us to compare its position in the vowel trapezium with that of low-mid vowels in undeniably stressed positions (e.g. b[ɛ]la ). We analyzed F1 and F2 of initial vowels of complex words with the suffixes mentioned above from reading tasks of 8 speakers from the Southern region of Brazil. The results reveal subgroup trends: vowels in complex formations with -zinho and -mente present similar behavior and close to the base vowel, while formations with -inho have initial vowels that are more different from the base vowel.Neste estudo, propomos uma investigação acústica das vogais médias-baixas [ɛ] e [ɔ], tidas como marcadores de posição tônica em alguns dialetos do PB. O fato de essas vogais não sofrerem neutralização e, consequentemente, elevação na posição inicial de palavras complexas formadas por sufixos composicionais (Schwindt, 2013; Ulrich, 2021) – a saber, ‑(z)inho, ‑(z)íssimo e ‑mente (ex. b[ɛ]linha, b[ɛ]lazinha, b[ɛ]líssima, b[ɛ]lamente) – nos leva a comparar sua posição no trapézio vocálico com a de vogais médias-baixas em posição indiscutivelmente tônica (ex. b[ɛ]la). Analisamos os valores de F1 e F2 de vogais iniciais de palavras complexas com os sufixos citados acima a partir de tarefas de leitura de 8 falantes da região Sul do Brasil. Os resultados revelam tendências de subgrupos: vogais médias-baixas de formações complexas com -zinho e -mente apresentam posicionamento similar à vogal da base, enquanto formações com -inho têm vogais iniciais mais diferentes da vogal da base
Tunable nano-distribution of Pt on TiO2 nanotubes by atomic compression control for high-efficient oxygen reduction reaction
No full textAchieving cost-competitive catalysts with low Pt utilization and improving the durability caused by the corrosion of supports in the catalysts must be solved for the high activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, we show an innovative technique to synthesize unique nanotube supports for the ORR catalysts based on the combination of experimental and theoretical studies. The method precisely controls the atomic morphology of TiO2 nanotubes by a small amount of atomic substitution, maximizing their efficiency as catalyst supports. The spontaneous change in the size and dispersibility of the Pt nanoparticles appears by only small lattice contraction on the metal-doped TiO2 (M-TiO2) nanotubes. To study this phenomenon, various dopants such as V, Nb, and Cr were added to the M-TiO2 nanotubes. The compression arising out of each metal-support interaction resulted in the diverse shape of the nanoparticles on similar supports, which is revealed based on the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and the density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. Based on a comprehensive understanding of inter-and intracrystal interactions in the small substitution doping process, we can control the size and dispersibility of the Pt nanoparticles, catalytic activity, and durability of catalysts for ORR.11Nsciescopu
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