1,720,990 research outputs found
Regional Perspectives on Eco-Innovation: Actors, Specialisations and Transition Trajectories
Get PDFTackling human-caused global warming and ecological degradation requires rapid transformative change in production and consumption patterns. In this regard, eco-innovations represent a cornerstone for reducing environmental burdens and strengthening sustainability. However, recent global efforts to scale up eco-innovations are confronted with strong spatial differences in their development and application. Against this background, the growing literature on the geography of innovation-based transformative change particularly emphasises the importance of regional specificities emanating mainly from institutions, technologies and actors. While many studies have explored eco-innovations’ enabling and constraining conditions at the regional level, scholarly debates lack insights into the extent to which eco-innovation activities in regions are carried out by incumbents or start-ups. Put differently, little is known about regional specialisations, i.e. regional comparative advantages, with regard to these two types of eco-innovation actors. This dissertation therefore sets out to gain a regionally nuanced understanding of the contribution of incumbents and start-ups to eco-innovation activities and its development over time. To ensure a broad and comparative perspective on green regional development, this research focuses on both sector-specific and general eco-innovation activities in German regions. By systematically reviewing the extensive yet fragmented body of research that revolves around the geography of eco-innovations, this dissertation first reveals complementarities that harbour promising avenues for future research. These conceptual elaborations are then followed by empirical investigations on regional eco-innovation specialisations using a novel data set on green patents and green start-ups. The findings suggest heterogeneous and persistent specialisation patterns of regions, while it is rather the exception that eco-innovation activities in regions are driven by both established actors and start-ups. In order to foster eco-innovations, a sustainability-oriented innovation policy should take greater account of the heterogeneity and path dependency of regional actor specialisations
Upgrading the System of Innovation in Late-Industrialising Countries: The Role of Transnational Corporations in Thailand's Manufacturing Sector
Get PDFThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the potential contribution of transnational corporations (TNC) to the upgrading of systems of innovation in late-industrialising countries. This study looks specifically at TNC-affiliierter in Thailand’s manufacturing sector and compares them with firms in Penang (Malaysia) and Singapore. It examines the technological capabilities of TNC-affiliates vis-à-vis local firms in order to assess whether or not TNC-affiliates are suitable learning and cooperation partners for local firms, and can, consequently, be considered as capable contributors to the improvement of the system of innovation. Based on postal firm surveys of more than 2,000 firms and additional personal interviews, the empirical analysis comes to the conclusion that, in general, this is only partially the case. However, with the analysis shifted to include only advanced firms, TNCs prevail more clearly. Advanced TNCs are especially able to foster the development of the national system of innovation by transferring embodied (e.g. machinery) and disembodied (e.g. patents) technology as well as research results to Thailand. Moreover, they are more frequently embedded in international and domestic knowledge and cooperation networks. In consequence, advanced TNC-affiliates can act as gateways for the diffusion of internationally available technology and knowledge in Thailand. However, the absorptive capacity of local firms for the absorption of new technology and the potential for enhanced innovation activities is restricted, due to a lack of skilled labour. Based on these empirical results, the thesis concludes with policy recommendations
Leistungsorientierte Ressourcensteuerung in Hochschulsystemen ein internationaler Vergleich
No full textLearning income levels and inequality from spatial and sociodemographic data in Germany
Get PDFThis study explores the potential of predicting income inequality and income levels from attributes of the built, natural and social environment in Germany. Furthermore, it investigates differences in explanatory variables and estimation accuracy for municipalities with different social and spatial structure profiles. We use income tax data, the 2011 national census, and spatial data from various sources. The explanatory variables capture the spatial variation within the area of interest of characteristics of both the residents and the living environment. Our models explain 54% of the variability in inequality and 73% of the variability in median income levels for a sample of municipalities covering 97% of the country's population. Performance increases for the subsample of municipalities with at least 10,000 inhabitants, attaining 63% for inequality and 80% for income levels. Income inequality and top incomes are better identified in Western, urban, or central locations, while median income is best estimated in Eastern, rural and peripheral locations. The most important predictors are derived from attributes such as nationality, religious affiliation, household composition, residence construction year, as well as the size and density of residences and overall building stock. Our findings further the idea that the joint spatial analysis of population and the built environment can greatly improve our understanding of socioeconomic phenomena—at regional and local levels—beyond conventional data sources
Folgenutzung innerstädtischer Verfügungsflächen durch Dienstleistungen in Berlin
Get PDFDie vorliegende Dissertationsschrift widmet sich dem Thema der Folgenutzung von Verfügungsflächen durch Dienstleistungen. Im Zuge struktureller Veränderungen der Wirtschaft entstehen zunehmend innerstädtische Verfügungsflächen. Die Städte verzeichnen gleichfalls eine Schwerpunktverlagerung wirtschaftlicher Tätigkeiten hin zum Dienstleistungssektor. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht am Beispiel Berlins die Folgenutzung innerstädtischer Verfügungsflächen durch Dienstleistungen. Im Hinblick auf die Flächennachfrage können für den Dienstleistungsbereich mit Hilfe einer statistischen Clusteranalyse zehn Verfügungsflächentypen identifiziert werden, welche durch Dienstleistungen folgegenutzt werden. Die Unterscheidung in die drei Bereiche wissens- und nicht-wissensintensive, konsumentenorientierte und technologiebasierte Dienstleistungen ermöglicht die Berücksichtigung jeweiliger Standortanforderungen und räumlicher Verteilungsmuster. Dabei konnten weitestgehende Übereinstimmungen mit den auf theoretischen Annahmen beruhenden Standortverteilungen festgestellt werden. Am Beispiel des Fallstudiengebiets Spreeraum Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg erfolgt eine tiefergehende Analyse zu den Einflussfaktoren auf die Standortwahl von wissensintensiven Dienstleistern auf Verfügungsflächen. Dabei können Standortfaktoren der Verfügungsfläche identifiziert werden, welche in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Standortwahl der Nachfrager stehen. Die Betrachtung der Mikro-Ebene und speziell der Verfügungsflächen wurde bisher in der empirischen Standortforschung vernachlässigt. Daher werden in einem abschließenden Schritt die gewonnen Erkenntnisse in einem Bewertungsansatz integriert, welcher die Folgenutzungseignung einer Verfügungsfläche am Beispiel von Dienstleistungen bestimmt. Dieser Ansatz dient der bedarfsgerechten Flächenentwicklung im Rahmen des Flächenmanagements.This economic and urban geography doctoral thesis deals with the subject of the re-use of potential sites with services. Due to structural economic changes, an increasing number of innerurban potential sites develop within the city. Simultaneously a shift of emphasis within the urban economy takes place towards the service sector. The present thesis studies the re-use of innerurban potential sites with services, using the example of Berlin. // With regard to the demand for potential sites with services, ten types of potential sites could be identified using a statistical cluster analysis. As a result of the distinction in knowledge-, commercial and technology-based services, the respective location factors and spatial patterns could be considered. The data revieled a consistency between the patterns based on theory assumed and the actual spatial patterns. // Using the case study Spree-area Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, an in-depth analysis is made to identify the influencing factors on the location of knowledge-based services on potential sites. Some of the characteristics of the potential sites are crucial for the location of knowledge-based services on potential sites. The consideration of the micro-level and specifically potential sites was disregarded for a long time in empirical location research. Finally the findings are integrated into an evaluation instrument, which indicates the suitability of a potential site for a re-use with services. This approach provides the basis for a development of potential sites, which is adjusted to the need of the demand
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Joint Influencing Mechanism of Proximities and Knowledge Base on Multinational Companies’ Global Innovation Networks
No full textThis paper explores the joint influencing mechanism of the two-dimensional proximity,
namely geographical and organisational proximity, and knowledge base on the relational
pattern of multinational companies’ (MNCs) global innovation networks (GINs). It argues
when it comes to MNCs’ GINs, the conventional geographical-proximity-and-knowledgebase
framework allows only for an incomplete understanding of the network relational
patterns and particularly the observed differences between different GINs. The paper
suggests an extended theoretical framework based on a two-dimensional proximity concept
and the knowledge base approach for understanding how and why MNCs’ GINs are
organised in specifically different ways. An in-depth comparative case study with social
network analysis is used to illustrate the applicability of the framework in question
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