2,775 research outputs found
An innovative observatory of polar expedition projects: An investigation of organizing
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this article is to present a methodology for investigating projects of polar expeditions: in situ, in vivo, and in extenso. It is a new kind of qualitative methodology in that, classically, this type of method mostly focuses on "ways of saying" (Hlady Rispal, 2002), whereas we concentrate on "ways of doing" (Lièvre & Rix-Lièvre, 2009). The aim is to study the actuality of the collective action of organizing in its totality. It is guided by the description of "organizing" as defined by Weick. This case is built from information gathered by two actors engaged in the expedition, each one collecting data in a specific perspective. The first data collection was dedicated to collective dimensions. The multimedia logbook is filled in by a researcher in a posture of observant participation, relying on paper or video traces regularly collected throughout the project. These traces are then shaped to make a narrative. The second data collection was dedicated to more individual practices and therefore centered on individual members of the expedition at specific moments. The Device for Objectifying Situated Practices relies on two videos of the situation--one from an outside point of view and the other one using an embedded camera in order to record from a standpoint close to the actor's--and on an interview with the actor using the second recording. The method allows us to objectify the tacit knowledge implemented by the actor in a completed situation, and to shape it in a chronological statement
A Methodology for Investigating the "Actual" Course of a Project : the Case of a Polar Expedition
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this chapter is to present a methodology for investigating the “actual” course of a project, in this case a polar expedition. We are therefore working within the “Project as Practice” framework (Blomquist et al., 2010). This system investigates the practices of actors in terms of Bourdieu (1977), that is, practices expressed strictly in situ, and of the Chicago School (Mead, Blumer, Strauss), which articulates individual and collective concerns from an “interactionist” standpoint. By attempting to point out the collective action of organizing in its full actualization, this observatory follows roughly that used by Weick. We investigate organizing and study the conditions through which it occurs by attempting to resolve the problems associated with the study of the activity itself, as well as consider the individual and collective dimensions of the organizational dynamic. In the words of Karl Weick (2003), we must try to understand “how organizational life unfolds,” specifically in situ. How do the actors individually and collectively construct meaning for their actions and what organizational dynamics are used? While classic methodology focuses primarily on “ways of saying” (Hlady Rispal, 2002), the qualitative methodology proposed here belongs to a new approach that focuses on “ways of doing” (Lièvre, Rix, 2009). In our attempt to address the difficult question of how to pass from an individual focus to a collective one, and vice versa, we propose an observatory consisting of two complimentary investigation tools: the Multimedia Logbook (MLB), which focuses on the collective, and the Situated Practices Objectifying System (SPOS), which focuses on the individual. Since each tool requires the personal and specific involvement of a single researcher, the overall system therefore depends on the simultaneous involvement of two researchers. The system is based on methodological considerations that date to 2000 and were part of a logistical research program for extreme situations, specifically polar expeditions. Polar expeditions are considered project activities (Garel, 2003) with exemplary characteristics for research because: 1.The associated context provides for more readable phenomena because the logic of the actors is pushed to the limit2.They allow for participant observation that is as close as possible to the situations experienced by the actors. First, we list the obstacles that arise when investigating actual organizing as it occurs. Secondly, we present the observatory by defining each of its tool, and discussing how they work together and complement one another
Samuel Beckett and the Writers of Port-Royal
No full textIt has been observed that ‘the literary influences on Beckett have been far more important than has been acknowledged, and more important indeed, than the philosophical influences’ (Smith 2002: 3). The truth of this statement is evidenced by the description that scholars have given of Samuel Beckett’s relationship to seventeenth century French classicism. To date, critical interest has been limited for the most part to the figure of the philosopher René Descartes on the (fragile) grounds that Beckett was exclusively concerned with the Cartesian imperative of clarity and order, the fundamental dualism between body and mind, and Nominalism.
Together with the assumption that Beckett’s vision was essentially Cartesian, his literary filiation with Pascal was suggested by critics, but only in terms of Beckett’s formal approach to the theatre. In his short article on En attendant Godot in 1953, the playwright Jean Anouilh was among the first reviewers to suggest that Beckett’s drama synthesizes the encounter between ‘classicism’ and a ‘modern’ form of art. It is well known that Beckett retained a lifelong admiration for Pascal – indeed, Pascal was one of his ‘old chestnuts’ (Knowlson 1997: 653). Little attention has been paid, however, to the originality of Pascal’s thought, the specific nature of his prose, and the impact these might have had upon Beckett’s mature work, especially the trilogy and the subsequent short prose. Yet, in the literary and philosophical context of post-war France, Beckett’s filiation with Pascal, their corresponding preoccupations, were evident to his contemporaries, who identified Pascal as an underlying presence in his works
Concevoir une bonne alimentation
No full textImage d’ouverture Préparation de la pulka avant le départ en bateau, expédition Norvège 2005 © P. Lièvre « Départ pour le Groenland dans quelques jours… Première observation participante d’une expédition polaire à ski et premier départ pour le Grand Nord : beaucoup d’excitation mais il me reste encore de nombreux préparatifs à finaliser et quelques interrogations à trancher. Côté matériel technique, tout était au point : ce que je devais apporter pour moi et pour le collectif et la manière d..
Autodidaxie
No full textFabrice Flahutez, « Autodidaxie », in Abécédaire de la connaissance sensible, sous la direction de Sophie Chiari, Vincent Gérard, Louis Hincker, Marianne Jakobi, Géraldine Rix-Lièvre, Clermont-Ferrand, Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2025, p. 29-32National audienceL'ouvrage est un abécédaire qui renseigne presque une centaine d'entrées sur la connaissance sensibl
Concevoir une « bonne » alimentationLes pratiques alimentaires des expéditeurs polaires
No full textInternational audienceIn a research program on management of extreme situations (Lièvre 2016), we study thepractices of polar expeditions’ members from the idea of the expedition project to its end. In sodoing, we follow the « Practice turn » (Schatzki, Knorr Cetina & Savigny 2001). In this kind ofexpedition project, the food is not a secondary issue: it is a determining factor of performance.First, we emphasise that the food issues are important from the beginning of the polarexpedition’s history. Then, we present a study of food practices from ten contemporaryexpeditions. This study shows how three different principles are combined, but also in tension toone another. There are three kinds of principles. The first principle is to preserve a constantbody composition; this principle is based on scientific knowledge especially in nutrition and inphysiology. The second and the third principles emerge from practical knowledge: the principleof controlling the weight and the volume of the food and the principle of appetite and taste.From these principles, we are enable to propose a model in order to assist in nutrition design fora polar expedition (Lièvre 2004). However, this model is still incomplete in so far as it doesn’t consider the issue of the “good” nutrition which is about the normativity (Canguilhem 2007). Wehave identified four normativities revealing four styles of expeditions: the sporting achievement,the exploration and the discovery, the pleasure of skiing, the passion for science. According tothe nomativity at work, the importance of each principle will be different.These two propositions, considering the three principles in tension and the four differentnormativities, represent some knowledge of action for polar expeditions’ members in order todesign their own nutrition.Dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche centré sur le management des situations extrêmes(Lièvre 2016), nous investissons les pratiques des expéditeurs polaires de l’idée de l’expéditionjusqu’à son aboutissement. Ce faisant, nous nous plaçons dans la perspective du « Practice turn »(Schatzki, Knorr Cetina & Savigny 2001). Pour ce type de projet, la question alimentaire est unregistre de performance non secondaire.Après avoir rappelé les enjeux importants associés à l’alimentation depuis le début de l’histoiredes expéditions polaires, nous présentons une investigation des pratiques alimentaires d’unedizaine d’expéditions contemporaines. Cette investigation donne à voir comment se combinentet entrent en tension trois logiques différentes. Une première logique, la logique de maintien dela composition corporelle repose plutôt sur des bases scientifiques en nutrition et en physiologie.Les deux autres logiques, la logique de poids et de volume de la nourriture embarquée, la logiquede l’appétit et du goût des expéditeurs renvoient à plutôt des connaissances expérientielles. Cesdifférentes logiques sont à la fois toutes incontournables mais toujours en tension. Laformalisation de ces différentes logiques et de leur tension constitue un modèle support à laconception d’une alimentation pour une expédition polaire (Lièvre 2004). Mais ce modèle resteincomplet dans la mesure où il ne considère pas la question de la « bonne » alimentation quirelève de la normativité (Canguilhem 2007). Nous avons identifié quatre normativitésrévélatrices de quatre styles d’expéditions : l’exploit sportif, l’exploration et la découverte, leplaisir de la glisse et la passion de la science. Selon la normativité à l’œuvre, l’arbitrage entre lestrois premières logiques sera différent.Ces deux propositions constituent des savoirs d’action pour les expéditeurs polaires dans unedémarche de conception de leur alimentation
Une méthodologie d'investigation du déroulement "effectif" d'un projet: une expédition polaire
No full textInternational audienceCette communication décrit la manière dont le déroulement d’un projet comme une expédition polaire peut être investigué en partant des pratiques et en prenant en charge tant les activités individuelles que le collectif
Concevoir une « bonne » alimentation
No full textDans le cadre d’un programme de recherche centré sur le management des situations extrêmes (Lièvre 2016), nous investissons les pratiques des expéditeurs polaires de l’idée de l’expédition jusqu’à son aboutissement. Ce faisant, nous nous plaçons dans la perspective du « Practice turn » (Schatzki, Knorr Cetina & Savigny 2001). Pour ce type de projet, la question alimentaire est un registre de performance non secondaire. Après avoir rappelé les enjeux importants associés à l’alimentation depuis le début de l’histoire des expéditions polaires, nous présentons une investigation des pratiques alimentaires d’une dizaine d’expéditions contemporaines. Cette investigation donne à voir comment se combinent et entrent en tension trois logiques différentes. Une première logique, la logique de maintien de la composition corporelle repose plutôt sur des bases scientifiques en nutrition et en physiologie. Les deux autres logiques, la logique de poids et de volume de la nourriture embarquée, la logique de l’appétit et du goût des expéditeurs renvoient à plutôt des connaissances expérientielles. Ces différentes logiques sont à la fois toutes incontournables mais toujours en tension. La formalisation de ces différentes logiques et de leur tension constitue un modèle support à la conception d’une alimentation pour une expédition polaire (Lièvre 2004). Mais ce modèle reste incomplet dans la mesure où il ne considère pas la question de la « bonne » alimentation qui relève de la normativité (Canguilhem 2007). Nous avons identifié quatre normativités révélatrices de quatre styles d’expéditions : l’exploit sportif, l’exploration et la découverte, le plaisir de la glisse et la passion de la science. Selon la normativité à l’œuvre, l’arbitrage entre les trois premières logiques sera différent. Ces deux propositions constituent des savoirs d’action pour les expéditeurs polaires dans une démarche de conception de leur alimentation.In a research program on management of extreme situations (Lièvre 2016), we study the practices of polar expeditions’ members from the idea of the expedition project to its end. In so doing, we follow the « Practice turn » (Schatzki, Knorr Cetina & Savigny 2001). In this kind of expedition project, the food is not a secondary issue: it is a determining factor of performance. First, we emphasise that the food issues are important from the beginning of the polar expedition’s history. Then, we present a study of food practices from ten contemporary expeditions. This study shows how three different principles are combined, but also in tension to one another. There are three kinds of principles. The first principle is to preserve a constant body composition; this principle is based on scientific knowledge especially in nutrition and in physiology. The second and the third principles emerge from practical knowledge: the principle of controlling the weight and the volume of the food and the principle of appetite and taste. From these principles, we are enable to propose a model in order to assist in nutrition design for a polar expedition (Lièvre 2004). However, this model is still incomplete in so far as it doesn’t consider the issue of the “good” nutrition which is about the normativity (Canguilhem 2007). We have identified four normativities revealing four styles of expeditions: the sporting achievement, the exploration and the discovery, the pleasure of skiing, the passion for science. According to the nomativity at work, the importance of each principle will be different. These two propositions, considering the three principles in tension and the four different normativities, represent some knowledge of action for polar expeditions’ members in order to design their own nutrition
Sabil and Wikala of Dhul Fiqar Oda Bashi
No full textinterior, courtyard, "Vue de l'Okel Zoulfiqar," color plate XLIV of Pascal Coste's "Architecture arabe; ou, Monuments du Kaire, mesurés et dessinés, de 1818 à 1826", 1818-182
First person - Aude Pascal
No full textInternational audienceFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Aude Pascal is first author on `Annexin A2 and Ahnak control cortical NuMA-dynein localization and mitotic spindle orientation', published in JCS. Aude is a research assistant in the lab of Re ' gis Giet at University of Rennes, France, who is particularly interested in developmental biology. She has always been struck by the fact that a whole organism displaying multiple functions arises from a single cell. For this reason, she has oriented her research on mitosis and meiosis to study the different steps, components and structures involved in these processes
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