46 research outputs found
Les communs urbains comme concept de participation territoriale et citoyenneté urbaine : deux études de cas à Bologne, en Italie
No full textLes communs urbains comme concept et pratique sociale représentent une nouvelle logique socio-économique et territoriale en urbanisme durable. Ils prennent des formes différentes et comprennent plusieurs groupes sociaux, ce qui génère une multitude d’idées et de pratiques, parfois nouvelles, parfois en continuité avec le passé. Nous explorons comment les expériences de communs urbains contribuent aux débats dans les études territoriales, en particulier autour des questions de participation citoyenne et de gouvernance territoriale. À travers deux études de cas de communs urbains dans la ville de Bologne en Italie, nous analyserons les conditions structurelles et contextuelles qui ont conduit à leur création ainsi que les dynamiques associatives développées. Nous offrons un aperçu de comment ces projets contribuent au développement territorial participatif en comparant six éléments : l’inclusion et les pratiques démocratiques; les besoins visés et comblés; l’appropriation de l’espace urbain; l’aspect politique; les valeurs et pratiques féministes; et les valeurs et pratiques écologiques.Urban commons as a concept and social practice represent a new socio-economic and territorial logic in sustainable urbanism. They take different forms and include several social groups, generating numerous ideas and practices, sometimes new and sometimes in continuity with the past. Experiences of how urban commons contribute to debates are explored in territorial studies, particularly around issues of citizen participation and territorial governance. Through two case studies of urban commons in the city of Bologna in Italy, the structural and contextual conditions that led to their creation are analysed, and the associative dynamics are developed. This article offers an overview of how these projects contribute to participatory territorial development by comparing six elements: inclusion and democratic practices; needs targeted and met; appropriation of urban space; political aspect; feminist values and practices; and ecological values and practices
Articulated Networks: The Twenty-Year Struggle to Decriminalize Abortion in El Salvador
No full textThe year 2018 marked the twentieth anniversary of a legal reform outlawing abortion under all circumstances in El Salvador. Since then, women have been sentenced to upwards of thirty years in prison for undergoing an abortion, and even for experiencing an unprovoked obstetric emergency. In the face of this penal brutality against women, for the past fifteen years feminist and women’s organizations have intensified their activities at home and abroad, seeking not only legislative reform but also a shift away from the socio-cultural constructions permeating this practice.
In an attempt to understand the battle to decriminalize abortion in El Salvador, this chapter proposes an exegesis of two turning points in the abortion debate over the past two decades: first, in the 1990s, legal reforms (to the Criminal Code and the Constitution), and, second, just a few years into the twenty-first century, the emergence of coordinated resistance to the ban on abortion. This will permit me to analyze the development of the abortion debate in different political and institutional
settings in El Salvador...Fil: Peñas Defago, Maria Angélica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales; Argentin
Ocupando o centro da cidade: movimento dos cortiços e ação coletiva
Full text linkThis article analyses the collective action of the São Paulo inner-city slum movement during the 1997-2000 period. This movement mobilized thousands of slum dwellers and homeless in the downtown core and occupied dozens of abandoned buildings during this period. The author explains through economic, political and social factors the building occupations in the Sao Paulo downtown core, an urban region with little history of collective mobilisation and political contention, at a time when urban movements became more institutionalized. In addition, this article introduces a different analytical frame that identifies both structural and agency factors, while taking into account the associated objective (economic) and subjective (political and cultural) conditions. It first describes the relevant economic variables in their specific situational context, which in this case are the changes in the political economy and their impact on the low income urban population and on state restructuring. Second, it explores local urban political dynamics, institutional practices involving housing policy and the interaction among different political actors which condition the collective action and organisation of social movements. Finally, it studies the characteristics of this movement and how the contention of other national social movements influenced the repertoire of action and the framing of this urban popular movement.Key words: social movement, slums, collective action, urban poor, housing, Brazil.Esse artigo analisa a ação coletiva do movimentode cortiços e dos sem teto do centro da cidadede São Paulo no período 1997-2000. Esse movimento mobilizou milhares de pessoas dos cortiços e sem teto durante a ocupação de prédios abandonados no centro da cidade. Nesse artigo vamos estudar os fatores econômicos, políticos e sociais dessas ocupações nesse espaço central da cidade – espaço sem história de mobilização coletiva ou de confronto político, numa época em que os movimentos urbanos priorizavam uma intervenção mais institucionalizada. Este artigo apresenta um quadro analítico diferente que identifica os fatores estruturais e da ação, sem ignorar as condições objetivas (econômicas) e as variáveis subjetivas (políticas e culturais). Na primeira parte apresentamos os fatores econômicos no contexto específico e situacional, e, no caso dos cortiços, as mudanças no contexto econômico-político e seu impacto na reconstrução do Estado-providência e para a população de baixa renda. Na segunda parte, exploramos as dinâmicas político-urbanas locais e suas práticas institucionais envolvendo as políticas de habitação e sua interação com os diferentes atores políticos – os quais condicionam as ações coletivas e a organização do movimento social. Finalmente, esse artigo estuda as características do movimento de cortiços e dos sem teto e como o confronto de outros movimentos sociais influencia o repertório, a estrutura e a ação dos movimentos populares urbanos.Palavras-chave: movimento social, cortiços, açãocoletica, pobreza urbana, moradia, Brasil
Ocupando o centro da cidade: movimento dos cortiços e ação coletiva
Full text linkThis article analyses the collective action of the São Paulo inner-city slum movement during the 1997-2000 period. This movement mobilized thousands of slum dwellers and homeless in the downtown core and occupied dozens of abandoned buildings during this period. The author explains through economic, political and social factors the building occupations in the Sao Paulo downtown core, an urban region with little history of collective mobilisation and political contention, at a time when urban movements became more institutionalized. In addition, this article introduces a different analytical frame that identifies both structural and agency factors, while taking into account the associated objective (economic) and subjective (political and cultural) conditions. It first describes the relevant economic variables in their specific situational context, which in this case are the changes in the political economy and their impact on the low income urban population and on state restructuring. Second, it explores local urban political dynamics, institutional practices involving housing policy and the interaction among different political actors which condition the collective action and organisation of social movements. Finally, it studies the characteristics of this movement and how the contention of other national social movements influenced the repertoire of action and the framing of this urban popular movement.
Key words: social movement, slums, collective action, urban poor, housing, Brazil.Esse artigo analisa a ação coletiva do movimentode cortiços e dos sem teto do centro da cidadede São Paulo no período 1997-2000. Esse movimento mobilizou milhares de pessoas dos cortiços e sem teto durante a ocupação de prédios abandonados no centro da cidade. Nesse artigo vamos estudar os fatores econômicos, políticos e sociais dessas ocupações nesse espaço central da cidade – espaço sem história de mobilização coletiva ou de confronto político, numa época em que os movimentos urbanos priorizavam uma intervenção mais institucionalizada. Este artigo apresenta um quadro analítico diferente que identifica os fatores estruturais e da ação, sem ignorar as condições objetivas (econômicas) e as variáveis subjetivas (políticas e culturais). Na primeira parte apresentamos os fatores econômicos no contexto específico e situacional, e, no caso dos cortiços, as mudanças no contexto econômico-político e seu impacto na reconstrução do Estado-providência e para a população de baixa renda. Na segunda parte, exploramos as dinâmicas político-urbanas locais e suas práticas institucionais envolvendo as políticas de habitação e sua interação com os diferentes atores políticos – os quais condicionam as ações coletivas e a organização do movimento social. Finalmente, esse artigo estuda as características do movimento de cortiços e dos sem teto e como o confronto de outros movimentos sociais influencia o repertório, a estrutura e a ação dos movimentos populares urbanos.
Palavras-chave: movimento social, cortiços, açãocoletica, pobreza urbana, moradia, Brasil
The Organization and Struggle of University Students in Paraguay: Student Movement Demands for Socio-educational Rights
No full textSince the Stroessner dictatorship, the Paraguayan student movement has played a central role in the struggle for quality, accessible and universal higher education. Collective actions such as the “takeover” of the Catholic University of Asunción (UCA) campus, the “UNA No Te Calles” campaign and the struggle for “zero fees” in public universities have demonstrated a high level of politicization and the emergence of a movement organized around specific educational and democratic demands, which often go beyond the existing student institutions and traditional themes. In this chapter, we analyze the political mobilization led by young people, breaking with traditional forms of organization, highlighting the most innovative dimensions of these experiences. Our theoretical framework combines the structure of opportunities in their political context, their symbolic discursive framings as well as the resources mobilized by the members of the movements and their collective action repertoires. Our qualitative research methodology includes documentary review, a literature review and semi-structured interviews with members of the movement and its organizations privileging the voices of the actors involved and the reconstruction of the political context in which the Paraguayan student movement emerged and developed, which provides historical meaning to these collective experiences.Fil: López, Magdalena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; ArgentinaFil: Loza, Jorgelina Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin
