2,582 research outputs found
Emmanuel Kutik
No full textabstract: Emmanuel Kutik was almost eight years old when he left his home. He walked for three months and traveled with fifty people.
“Lost Boys Found” is an ongoing, interdisciplinary project that is collecting, recording and archiving the oral histories of the Lost Boys/Girls of Sudan. The collection is a work-in-progress, seeking to record the oral history of as many Lost Boys/Girls as are willing, and will be used in a future book.Age: 23Region: BentiuThis picture and bio was donated to the Lost Boys Found project from The Arizona Lost Boys Cente
Honorable Emmanuel Okocha Oral History Interview
No full textThis is an oral history interview with the Honorable Emmanuel Okocha, author of Blood on the Niger, the only book about the Asaba Massacre, a mass killing of civilians which occurred in 1967 during the Nigerian Civil War. Okocha, a survivor of the massacre, was a small child at the time; his father was killed at Asaba, and two older brothers also died during the war. Okocha began researching the massacre after finishing his university studies, and has interviewed hundreds of survivors and relatives of those who were killed. He describes some of his research, the publication of his book, and his efforts to document the massacre
Emmanuel Cooper OBE 1938–2012 A Retrospective Exhibition
No full textDr Emmanuel Cooper OBE (HonDFA) 1938–2012 was a distinguished craftsman, writer, teacher and broadcaster. A potter of international standing, his work is represented in many public collections. The author of nearly thirty books, he was editor of Ceramic Review, visiting Professor at London’s Royal College of Art, and a regular broadcaster on television and radio. He was awarded an OBE in 2002 for services to art. Emmanuel’s contribution to the world of ceramics was hugely significant. This will be celebrated with a touring exhibition of his ceramics and a publication looking at his life in pots – produced by Ruthin Craft Centre in collaboration with the University of Derby
Immobile History: An Interview with Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
No full textThe author spoke with renowned French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie about Computers, Geography and History. Le Roy Ladurie was the "standard bearer" of the third generation of the French Annales school, a group of French intellectuals that combined different disciplines such as history, geography, anthropology, and more to delve into social history
Emmanuel B. Dongala
No full textA chapter on Congolese writer Emmanuel B. Dongala in the Dictionary of Literary Biography. (Vol. 360: Contemporary Arican Writers). --author-supplied descriptio
Renal lithiasis : from genetics to bacteria
No full textLa lithiase rénale touche environ 10% de la population dans les pays industrialisés. 75% des calculs sont composés majoritairement d'oxalate de calcium; 10% sont composés de phosphate de calcium, 9% d'acide urique, 5% de struvite et moins de 1% de cystine. La composition des calculs dépend des espèces sursaturées dans les urines. Dans la première partie de ma thèse, je décris un modèle murin de cystinurie de type A lié à une mutation spontanée apparue dans la souche de souris 129S2/SvPasCrl. La cystinurie est une maladie autosomique récessive responsable de 7% des lithiases de l'enfant. Les calculs de cystine récidivent fréquemment et la cystinurie est caractérisée par un risque élevé de développer une insuffisance rénale chronique. Le modèle que nous proposons permet de tester de nouvelles thérapeutiques. Il met aussi en évidence une atteinte parenchymateuse avec un infiltrat inflammatoire associée aux calculs de cystine. Dans la deuxième partie de ma thèse, j'évalue le rôle des Escherichia coli dans la genèse des calculs phospho-calciques. J'ai étudié en microscopie électronique à balayage des calculs phosphocalciques issus de patients et analysé les propriétés calcifiantes de différentes souches bactériennes sauvages et mutées dans des milieux spécifiques et dans de l'urine. En milieu synthétique le rôle des phosphatases est déterminant mais le type de source de carbone influence l'activité des phosphatases. Dans les urines, certains E. coli induisent la précipitation de phosphate de calcium aussi rapidement que les Klebsiella sans moduler le pH. Le type de source de carbone dans les urines semble déterminant pour moduler la biominéralisation.Urolithiasis is a disease that corresponds to the presence of kidney stones in the urinary tract. It affects about 10% of the population in industrialized countries. About 75% of the stones are made of calcium oxalate. Less than 10% are made of calcium phosphate, 9% are made of uric acid, 5% are made of struvite and less than 1% are made of cystine. The composition depends on the species that are supersaturated in urine. In the first part of my thesis I will present a mouse model of cystinuria type A. Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the mutation of either SLC3A1 gene encoding for rBAT (type A cystinuria) or SLC7A9 gene encoding for b0,+AT (type B cystinuria). In 129S2/SvPasCrl strain, we evidenced cystine crystals, as well as cystine stones. We observed an heterogenous inflammatory infiltrate and cystine tubular casts in the parenchyma. We identified a single mutation and a defect of the heavy subunit rBAT. This mouse model could allow for further pathophysiological studies and may be useful to analyse the crystal/tissue interaction in cystinuria. In the second part of my thesis I will test the pathogenesis of E. coli in calcium phosphate stones. In this part, I observed calcium phosphate stones by scanning electron microscopy. I also analysed calcifying properties of wild type bacteria and mutant bacteria in urine or in specific calcifying medium. In synthetic medium phosphatases play a role in calcification but carbohydrate source seems to play a major part in the phosphatase activity. In urine some E. coli induce phosphate calcium precipitation as quickly as Klebsiella does
ABCC6 and renal and vascular biomineralisation
No full textLa survenue de calcifications ectopiques est un problème majeur de santé publique. Les calculs rénaux notamment affectent 10 % de la population générale et peuvent avoir de multiples complications pouvant aller jusqu’à l’insuffisance rénale chronique terminale. Les calculs de type « oxalo-calciques » sont les plus fréquents. Ils sont souvent générés sur des plaques de Randall, des calcifications interstitielles papillaires faites de phosphate de calcium (apatite). Au cours des dernières décennies, une augmentation importante de la prévalence de ces calculs a été observée chez les jeunes adultes, suggérant que des facteurs environnementaux puissent favoriser l’émergence de ces plaques. Les calcifications vasculaires sont des calcifications ectopiques responsables d’une morbi mortalité élevée. On les distingue en général en deux types : intimales et liées à la survenue de plaques d’athérome ou médiales et associées à des pathologies systémiques telles que l’insuffisance rénale chronique ou le Pseudoxanthome élastique. Le Pseudoxanthome élastique (PXE) est une maladie rare monogénique se manifestant par la survenue de calcifications ectopiques rétiniennes, cutanées, vasculaires et rénales. Cette maladie est due à des mutations du gène ABCC6, impliqué dans le métabolisme du pyrophosphate, un inhibiteur majeur de la bio minéralisation. Le modèle murin invalidé pour Abcc6 est également affecté par des calcifications ectopiques, notamment des vibrisses, des vaisseaux, des papilles rénales (plaque de Randall), et des rétines. Le taux circulant de pyrophosphate est bas chez les patients et chez ces souris. Nous avons évoqué l’implication potentielle de la supplémentation en vitamine D, largement répandue, sur la survenue de plaques de Randall et l’aggravation des calcifications vasculaires. Nous avons donc étudié l’impact de la supplémentation en vitamine D et/ou en calcium sur la survenue de plaque de Randall dans notre modèle murin Abcc6-/-. L’administration chronique de doses modérées de vitamine D et de calcium a suffi a aggravé le développement de ces plaques de façon significative, confortant ainsi notre hypothèse initiale. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons analysé l’évolution des calcifications vasculaires chez les animaux Abcc6-/- exposés à cette supplémentation en vitamine D et en calcium. Que ce soit au niveau rénal ou vasculaire, on retrouvait une augmentation de volume significative des calcifications vasculaires lors de la supplémentation mixte en calcium et en vitamine D. Cela implique notamment de considérer avec prudence la supplémentation en vitamine D chez les patients atteints de PXE, et suggère qu’en population générale ces suppléments pourraient poser problème chez des individus prédisposés. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons analysé la survenue de calcifications vasculaires au sein du modèle Abcc6-/-, dans un contexte de maladie rénale chronique modérée (MRC) induite par l’acide aristolochique. Ce modèle était utilisé en raison de son caractère modéré et bien toléré sur le long terme (6 mois). Tout d’abord, nous avons noté, que les calcifications vasculaires étaient plus sévères chez les animaux atteints de MRC et prédominaient au niveau de la crosse aortique. Les principaux facteurs mis en cause dans notre modèle était l’élévation de l’expression et de l’activité des phosphatases alcalines tissulaires et le défaut de pyrophosphate circulant. Ensuite, nous avons confirmé que l’administration orale de pyrophosphate était suffisante pour protéger contre les calcifications vasculaires et bien tolérée, faisant de notre modèle une étude préclinique intéressante pour les patients atteints de MRC.Biomineralisation is an important issue in global health care. Indeed, concerning kidney stones disease, almost 10 % of whole population is affected. Major complications such as end stage of chronic kidney disease may affect some of these patients. The most frequent stone component is calcium oxalate (especially monohydrate). These stones originate frequently from an interstitial tissue calcification, the Randall’s plaque, which is made of calcium phosphate (apatite). During the past decades, the prevalence of lithiasis associated with Randall plaque has increased, mainly in young adults, raising the issue of environmental factors involved in these processes. Another biomineralization localization of interest is the vascular component. The vascular calcifications are usually divided into two groups: intimal one’s which are associated with atheromatous plaques and the medial one’s which are associated with systemic disease such as chronic kidney disease or pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). PXE is a rare, monogenic disease characterized by ectopic calcifications affecting eyes, skin, vessels and kidneys. ABCC6 mutations are implied, which are linked to pyrophosphate metabolism, a major biomineralization inhibitor. Murine Abcc6 knock out model, mimics human calcifications with phosphocalcics deposits in vibrissae, vessels, kidneys (Randall Plaque) and retina. ABCC6 impairment results in decreased plasmatic and urinary pyrophosphate levels. We hypothesized that vitamin D supplements, widely administered into children population, could be involved in biomineralization process. We studied the Randall plaque status in Abcc6-/- murine model with or without combined administration of calcium and vitamin D. We found an increased volume of papillary calcifications with the combined supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, suggesting that vitamin D administration could be a risk factor of Randall plaque development. In a second part, we studied the vascular calcifications in our Abcc6-/- murine model associated with calcium and vitamin D and found a significant association between these supplements and the calcification volume. These data sound a warning regarding the widespread supplementation in calcium and vitamin D, especially in the PXE population. In a last part, we analyzed the vascular calcifications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by aristolochic acid in the Abcc6-/- model. We used this model owing to its well tolerated and moderate status on the long term (6 months). First, we noticed that vascular calcifications were accelerated in the CKD group and predominated in the aorta cross. The two main factors involved were pyrophosphate deficiency (Abcc6-/-) and an increased expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme. Then, we confirmed that oral supplement in pyrophosphate is sufficient and well tolerated in order to decrease the CKD-induced vascular calcifications, suggesting that oral pyrophosphate might be an interesting strategy to prevent vascular calcification in CKD patients
Can reforming global institutions help developing countries share more in the benefits from globalization?
No full textGlobalization could significantly expand trade, international investment, and technological advances, but the gains from global integration have been unevenly distributed across and within nations. Greater global interdependence has also brought greater macroeconomic volatility, resulting in several serious financial crises in the second half of the 1990s. The global matrix of Bretton Woods and United Nations institutions that developed starting in the 1940s, formed under a different balance of power, in a world of fixed exchange rates and limited capital mobility. Since the 1960s regional financial institutions have emerged because of the greater autonomy of different regions and the greater financial needs of development. The author reviews different proposals for reform of the international financial institutions and changes in the roles of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. He highlights the implications for developing countries of (1) Policy conditionality. (2) The countercyclical role of multilaterals'lending. (3) Greater lending to middle-income than to low-income developing countries. (3) Access to liquidity at times of crisis. (4) Mechanisms for giving low-income countries a greater voice in IMF and World Bank decisionmaking. The author streses the overlapping responsibilities of the Bretton Woods and regional financial institutions and the need to reassess the allocation of responsibilities and to develop better coordination mechanisms between these institutions. Those designing institutional reform must consider the corporate capabilities of each type of institution. The corporate cultures of global and regional institutions differ. So does the kind of knowledge they generate and disseminate, and so do patterns of interactions with, and mechanisms for representation of, client countries.Finally, the author calls attention to the need to harmonize national and global growth-oriented policies in a way that reduces volatility and promotes social equity.Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform
A formação de professores em e para direitos humanos na perspectiva filosófica de Emmanuel Levinas
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2013.O presente trabalho tem como proposta refletir a formação de professores em e para direitos humanos na perspectiva filosófica de Emmanuel Levinas. Este autor propõe a ética como filosofia primeira, uma vez que a concebe como resposta à interpelação do Outro. Ela seria um caminho para resistir à ontologização e, consequentemente, à totalização. A ética levinasiana origina-se no reconhecimento da alteridade do Outro, sendo o rosto a manifestação da singularidade de cada pessoa, motivo pelo qual todo ser humano é possuidor de dignidade, um dos fundamentos dos direitos humanos. A relação ética Eu-Outro, bem como com terceiros (estrangeiro) é assimétrica, pois, desestabiliza e exige dos sujeitos dialogantes abertura, acolhimento e responsabilidade, emergindo daí a necessidade de pensar uma política na perspectiva da outridade. Portanto, uma proposta formativa pensada e articulada a partir do reconhecimento da alteridade faz irromper o inesperado, o imprevisível da vida que viria questionar concepções e práticas formativas que subordinam e colonizam o Outro, reduzindo-o ao Mesmo. Neste sentido, ainda que se reconheça a complexidade quanto à fundamentação filosófica dos direitos humanos, é intransferível a responsabilidade de pensar a formação de professores em uma perspectiva de uma pedagogia da alteridade, justificando-se assim a relevância da abordagem a qual nos propomos. Por isso, uma formação em e para direitos humanos na perspectiva filosófica de Levinas tem de ter seu fundamento na interpelação ética do Outro, cujos encaminhamentos curriculares e metodológicos se constituem em respostas aos seus apelos. Esta formação não possui encerramento em uma cerimônia de colação de grau, pois se caracteriza como inacabamento, incompletude e constante abertura à novidade que se manifesta no rosto do Outro, exigindo outros tempos, espaços, currículos e metodologias para processos formativos emancipadores. Este trabalho é de cunho qualitativo e está organizado em cinco momentos: no primeiro apresentamos o contexto e a introdução à temática da formação e dos direitos humanos; no segundo momento, tratamos da complexidade que entorna o conceito de direitos humanos; no terceiro, abordamos o pensamento levinasiano, especialmente as categorias alteridade, responsabilidade e interpelação ética; no quarto momento, refletimos os desafios e possibilidades de pensar a formação de professores na perspectiva da ética e pedagogia da alteridade e; finalizamos com algumas considerações que percebemos como necessárias, reconhecendo várias aberturas para possibilidades futuras de pesquisas, estudos e reflexões. Abstract : This present work aims to reflect the teachers education in and for human rights in the philosophical perspective of Emmanuel Levinas. This author proposes ethics as first philosophy, once conceives it as a response to the interpellation of the Other. It would be a way to resist to the ontologization and hence aggregation. Levinasian ethics originates in the recognition of the otherness of the Other, being the face, the manifestation of the uniqueness of each person, which is because every human being is possessed of dignity, one of the foundations of human rights. The ethical relation me - Other, and with third parties (foreign) is asymmetric because destabilizes and requires from the subjects dialoguers openness, acceptance and responsibility, emerging hence the need for a policy thinking from the perspective of othernes. Therefore, a training proposal conceived and articulated from the recognition of otherness does erupt the unexpected , the unpredictable of life and it would come to question concepts and training practices that subordinate and colonize the Other , reducing him to the Same . In this sense, although it recognizes the complexity as the philosophical foundation of human rights, is non-transferable responsibility of thinking about teacher education in a perspective of alterity pedagogy, thus justifying the relevance of the approach which we propose. Therefore, training in and for human rights in Levinas philosophical perspective, must have its foundation in ethical interpellation of the Other, whose curricular and methodological referrals constitute responses to their requests. This training does not have closure in a graduation ceremony, because it characterizes itself as unfinished, incompleteness and constant opening to novelty manifested on the face of the Other, requiring other times, spaces, curricula and methodology for emancipatory educational processes. This work is a qualitative one and it is organized into five parts: the first presents the context and introduction to the theme of education and human rights, in the second moment, we deal with the complexity that spills the concept of human rights, on the third, approach the Levinasian thought, especially the categories otherness, responsibility and ethical interpellation, in the fourth part, we reflect on the challenges and possibilities of thinking about teacher education from the ethics perspective and otherness pedagogy and finalizing with some considerations that we have perceived as necessary, recognizing several openings for future research possibilities studies and reflections
The relative efficiency of public schools in developing countries
No full textWith the demand for schooling expected to increase and the tightening of fiscal constraints, changes will be necessary in order to meet ambitious educational targets. Instead of charging fees for public schools, a more cost-effective option is to rely on private schools to handle the growing demand for education. Private school students generally out perform public school students on standardized math and language tests. This finding takes into account that private school students usually come from slightly more advantaged backgrounds than their public school counterparts. In addition, school expenditure data show that unit costs for private schools are dramatically lower than those of public schools. The comparative advantage of private schools has important policy implications for public schools. Some efficiency gains can come from replicating the input mix of private schools. Also effective would be to mimic the organizational incentive structures of private schools.Teaching and Learning,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Primary Education,Education Reform and Management
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