172,937 research outputs found
ANALISA BIAYA DAN PENDAPATAN UNIT PRODUKSI PLYWOOD (Studi Kasus PT. Sambas Alam Lestari) DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Get PDFPT. Sambas Alam Lestari wants efficiency in the costs incurred but there is No. production cost analysis yet for plywood product at PT. Sambas Alam Lestari. Analysis of production costs and income is an alternative to determine an effective and efficient production proces by minimizing production costs. The research aims to identify the production costs incurred to produce per cubic meter of plywood, calculate the income earned per cubic meter of plywood, and analyze the economic benefit of the plywood bussines. This research was conducted at PT. Sambas Alam Lestari, Sambas Regency from 30 September to 28 October 2020 followed by data analysis. Primary data collection using survey methods with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. While secondary data with interview techniques, observation, and study information sourced from the literature that supports this research. The equipment used in data collection were calculators, laptops, cameras, observation lists, and writing instruments. Based on the results of the stud, it shows that the production cost of plywood is Rp 3.678.975/m3, fixed costs are Rp 702.036/m3, and variable costs are Rp 2.976.939/m3, in general the proportion of fixed costs in 19,1% and variable costs 80,9% . the total revenue obtained from the sale of plywood is Rp 3.810.592/m3. The income earned is Rp 130.655/m3. Based on the feasibility analysis , the R/C ratio value was 1,03 so that economically the plywood industry of PT. Sambas Alam Lestari is profitable and feasible.Keywords: Plywood, Production Costs, Profit, Revenue, R/C ratioAbstrakPT. Sambas Alam Lestari menginginkan adanya efisiensi atas biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan tetapi belum adanya analisis biaya produksi untuk produk plywood di PT. Sambas Alam Lestari. Analisa biaya produksi dan pendapatan menjadi alternatif untuk menetukan proses produksi yang efektif dan efisien dengan meminimumkan biaya produksi. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan untuk memproduksi per meter kubik plywood, menghitung pendapatan yang diperoleh per meter kubik plywood, serta menganalisis keuntungan ekonomis dari usaha plywood. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Sambas Alam Lestari Kabupaten Sambas mulai tanggal 30 September sampai 28 Oktober 2020 dilanjutkan dengan analisis data. Pengambilan data primer menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik wawancara , observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan data sekunder dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan mempelajari informasi yang bersumber dari literature yang mendukung penelitian ini. Peralatan yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data adalah kalkulator, laptop, kamera, daftar pengamatan, dan alat tulis menulis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitianmenunjukan bahwa biaya produksi plywood sebesar Rp 3.678.975/m3, biaya tetap sebesar Rp 702.036/m3, dan biaya variabel Rp 2.976.939/m3, secara umum besarnya proporsi biaya tetap adalah 19,1% dan biaya tidak tetap/variabel sebesar 80,9%. Total penerimaan yang diperoleh dari penjualan plywood sebesar Rp 3.810.592/m3. Pendapatan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 130.655/m3.Berdasarkan analisis kelayakan didapatkan nilai R/C rasio sebesar 1,03 sehingga secara ekonomis usaha industri plywood PT. Sambas Alam Lestari menguntungkan dan layak untuk diusahakan.Kata kunci: Plywood, Biaya produksi, Pendapatan, Penerimaan, R/C rasi
Kajian Hara Fosfat pada Kedalaman Tanah yang Berbeda Akibat Pemupukan P pada Tegakan Eucalyptus Klon di Tanah Andisol (Studi Kasus di Hphti Pt Toba Pulp Lestari Sektor Habinsaran)
No full textBerlian Lestari Pane. Nutrient Study of Phosphate In Depth Due to
different soil P fertilization at stand of Eucalyptus clones in PT Toba Pulp
Lestari HPHTI Habinsaran Sector. Supervised by Deni Elfiati and Hamidah
Hanum.
Growth of Eucalyptus clones and influence by soil nutrient content of
phosphate. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient content of P at two depths
beneath the stands of Eucalyptus. This research was conducted in Sector HPHTI
Habinsaran PT Toba Pulp Lestari in November 2009. This study uses a survey
method with the soil sampling was obtained from the field with two different soil
depth of top soil (0-20 cm) and sub soil (20-40 cm) at Andisol which have
received P fertilizer treatment that is, without fertilization, fertilizing an P (56 g
TSP / tree and rock phosphate 267 g / tree), and 2.5 P fertilization (140 g TSP /
tree and rock phosphate, 667.5 g / tree) beneath the stands of Eucalyptus clones.
Histogram displayed in table form. Parameters measured were available P, total P,
soil pH and C-organic. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively.
The results based on the criteria used for evaluating soil chemical
properties showed that the value of available P soil at a depth of top soil and sub
soil depth were classified as very low. The value of total soil P at a depth of top
soil is classified as low, while in sub-soil depth were classified as very low. PH
value of soil at a depth of top soil is classified as sour, while the depth of the sub
soil is classified as slightly sour. Organic C-content at a depth of top soil were
classified as very high while in the sub soil depth were classified aslow.52 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MERANTI (Shorea spp.) PADA AREAL IUPHHK- HTI PT. BHATARA ALAM LESTARI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH KALIMANTAN BARAT
Get PDFDiversity Of Meranti Species (Shorea spp.) In The IUPHHK-HTI Area PT. Bhatara Alam Lestari Mempawah Regency West Kalimantan. Meranti is a commercial tree species, meranti timber market is not limited only to domestic market but also international market, although meranti has become important commodity of forest product, but until now its production still relies on natural forest. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of meranti species. The object of the study was the type of meranti (Shorea spp.) and the type of vegetation found in the observation plot. This research was conducted at IUPHHK-HTI area of PT. Bhatara Alam Lestari. Determination of plot and line of meranti species diversity in the field was using mixed method. The results showed that there are 4 types of meranti namely meranti batu, meranti bunga, meranti seraya and meranti sibo. The dominance index (C) at the growth rate of seedlings, saplings and trees has a low average value of less than 0.5, so it can be said that the spread of vegetation species is not concentrated in one particular species but spreads in all species. Result of Species Diversity (H) Compiler shows more than 1 (H 1 <H <3) value for all levels of vegetation growth means that species diversity (H) less than 1 (one) means species diversity in low or non-diverse transects. Result of Abundance (e) vegetation in general that Abundance of all growth rates of seedlings, saplings, poles and trees show the value (e) less than 1 means that all species are unequal abundance at each growth rate within a forest area.Keywords: Abundance, Diversity, Meranti
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS PAKU-PAKUAN DI KAWASAN IUPHHK-HTI PT. BHATARA ALAM LESTARI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Get PDFThe study aims to know the diversity of species nails in an secondary forest in regional IUPHHK-HTI PT. Bhatara Alam Lestari to Kabupaten Mempawah. The research is all sports of crops spike in research area. The study was conducted using a method of survey and the sample collection technique in do with or placement tenement sample in doing intentional. The size of tenement her observation is 20 X 20 m, section of the test the as much as to 2% (3,98 Ha) of the area in the ( 199,33 Ha) so there will a 10 tenement observation. the results of the study showed that kind of a nill cecerean INP the highest number with value of having the value of the (52,76), while value INP the lowest on the type of nails remiding worth INP (8,19), index value dominance (C) suggests that dominance not focused on a species in a row, but spread in between all tenement. So the index domination showed that the plants a spike on tenement observation not dominant, because it is still under the standard dominance (<1), and index value diversity (H) highest is spikes cecerean. To grow in a good in plants a nail is caused by temperatures and humidity of the air that shall and get a sunburn enough.Keywords: a nail cecerean, a nail nest of a bird, an terrestrial, Epiphyte, The diversity of specie
KEANEKARAGAMAN POHON PENGHASIL BUAH DI HUTAN SEKUNDER PADA AREAL IUPHHK-HTI PT. BHATARA ALAM LESTARI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Get PDFThe puposes of this research is to examine the diversity of fruit-producing trees that can be consumed. The object of this research are all fruit-producing trees in the plot or observation path, which is the limitation is the fruits that can be consumed by human. This research have been done at IUPHHK-HTI PT. Bhatara Alam Lestari. The printed path has been used to determine the plots and observation paths of fruit-producing trees diversity that can be consumed on the ground. The result of the research found that there are 12 kinds of tree producers offorest fruit consumption, they are asam-asam, cempedak hutan, durian hutan, jungkang, kandis, kelampai, keranji, medang asam, nyatoh/sangai, petai hutan, rambutan hutan, ubah. The value of the dominant index (C) at the research area is quite poor, because the value of the dominant index from all the lane is not reached the highest index value of dominance yet (C-1). This indicates that the community not found one or two tree producing fruit consumption who dominated on a community forest secondary , while index value diversity its kind low because less than the value 1 , this showed that on a community many those kinds of composing under each organizations research is low. To value index provided the global financing of other firms ahmad abundance of offerings shared with or far higher than those, because the pattern of spreading on this community can be equally on each its kind.Keyword: Diversity, tree producing fruit, secondary fores
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS DI KAWASAN HUTAN SEKUNDER AREAL IUPHHK-HTI PT. BHATARA ALAM LESTARI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Get PDFMacroscopic fungi have an important role for sustainable forest ecosystems. This study aims to describe the diversity of macroscopic fungi species in secondary forest areas in the area of IUPHHK-HTI PT. Bhatara Alam Lestari Bukit Batu village of Mempawah districk. This research used survey method with purposive sampling technique and macroscopic fungi inventory using a 5m × 5m double plot of 14 plots with total area of 0.035 ha observation plot. In the study sites, 33 macroscopic fungi were found from 15 families, namely Agaricaceae, Boletaceae, Ganodermataceae, Hygrophoraceae, Inocybaceae, Marasmiaceae, Meruliaceae, Mycenaceae, Physalacriaceae, Polyporaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Sarcoscyphaceae, Stereaceae, Strophariaceae and Xylariaceae. The highest number of Polyporaceae family species were Lentinus squarosulus, Polyporus arcularia, Microporus affinis, Microporus sp., Tremetes versicolor, Tremetes sp. (1) and Tremetes sp. (2). Macroscopic fungi were found to have benefits for humans as foodstuffs such as B. suptomentosus, R. caperata, L. squarosulus, P. arcularia and C. Tricholoma. Species which were benefited as medicines Ganoderma sp., G. lucidum, G. applantum, G. tesugae, G. boninense and X. Polymorpha. Where as species which were benefited as souvenirs were Microporus sp., M. afinis, Stereum sp. and Stereum osrea. Macroscopic fungi that have ecological benefits as saprophytes were Leucocoprinus sp., Lepiota sp., Ganoderma sp., G. lucidum, G. applantum, G. tesugae, G. boninense, Hygrocibe sp., H. miniata, R. caperata, M. scorodonius, M. haematocepala, C. septentrionalis, Mycena sp., M. panaeolus, M. delicatella, C. asprata, L. squarosulus, P. arcularia, Microporus sp., M. afinis, T. versicolor, Tremetes sp. (1), Tremetes sp. (2), P. condolleana, C. tricholoma, Stereum sp., Stereum osrea, G. leiteopiridis, G. braendlei, X. polymorpha. Macroscopic fungi which have ecological benefits as ectomycorrhiza namely Tylopilus sp. and B. suptomentosus.Keywords: Edible mushroom, Macroscopic Fungi, Polyporaceae, saprophyte, Secondary Forest
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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