349 research outputs found
AUT722431_Lay_Abstract – Supplemental material for Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme
No full textSupplemental material, AUT722431_Lay_Abstract for Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: A naturalistic study in an inpatient treatment programme by Kate Tchanturia, James Adamson, Jenni Leppanen and Heather Westwood in Autism</p
The effects of negative and positive mood induction on eating behaviour: A meta-analysis of laboratory studies in the healthy population and eating and weight disorders
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of induced negative and positive mood on meal consumption in healthy participants and patients with eating and weight disorders. Method: The search term "MOOD" was combined with the following keywords: "TEST MEAL" or "LABORATORY FEEDING" or "LABORATORY MEAL" or "TASTE TEST" or "TASTE TASK" to identify the relevant studies. Results: Thirty-three studies were selected, including 2491 participants. Two meta-analyses compared negative mood or positive mood with neutral mood. Induced negative mood was significantly associated with greater food intake, especially in restrained eaters and binge eaters. Positive mood was also associated with greater caloric intake across groups. Conclusion: These findings support the causal relationship between negative mood and greater food intake, especially in restrained eaters and binge eaters. Preliminary evidence indicates that strategies to improve positive mood might be of benefit for people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, although the size of the effect across a single meal is small
A Pilot Study Investigating the Influence of Oxytocin on Attentional Bias to Food Images in Women with Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorder
Full text linkThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Leslie, M., Leppanen, J., Paloyelis, Y., Treasure, J. (2020). A pilot study investigating the influence of oxytocin on attentional bias to food images in women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 32(5), e12843, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jne.12843. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.Background: Previous research has found that exogenous oxytocin administration has the potential to modulate attentional biases in women with anorexia nervosa. Recent work has indicated that attentional biases to food may reinforce the recurrent binge eating behaviour which characterises bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. To date, however, no study has yet investigated the effect of oxytocin on attentional biases to palatable food in women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.
Methods: This study employed a single-session crossover design to test the hypothesis that a divided dose of 64IU intranasal oxytocin, administered as one intranasal dose of 40IU oxytocin followed by a top-up of 24IU oxytocin 80 minutes later, versus placebo administration administered in the same dosing schedule, would reduce attentional biases towards food images in a dot probe task. We hypothesised that oxytocin administration would reduce vigilance towards food to a greater degree in women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder, versus healthy comparison women. Twenty-five women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder and 27 comparison women without history of an eating disorder were recruited to take part in the study.
Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no main effect of diagnosis on attentional bias to food (fixed effect = 5.70, p = .363), nor a significant interaction between diagnosis and drug condition (fixed effect = -14.80, p = .645). There was a main effect of drug condition, such that oxytocin increased vigilance towards food, versus neutral, images in the dot probe task (fixed effect = 10.42, p = .044). A correlation analysis revealed that this effect was moderated by attentional bias in the placebo condition, such that greater avoidance of food stimuli in the placebo condition was associated with a greater increase in vigilance induced by oxytocin.
Conclusion: The current findings add to a mixed body of literature investigating the therapeutic effects of oxytocin in women. Future research would benefit from dose-response studies investigating the optimal dose of oxytocin for modulating the attentional processing of palatable food in populations with eating disorders
The use of a positive mood induction video-clip to target eating behaviour in people with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder: An experimental study
Full text linkRecent theoretical models and empirical research have indicated that momentary negative affect increases the likelihood of binge eating episodes for individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. However, relatively little research has explored the potential for positive mood to serve a protective effect in reducing the likelihood of overeating behaviour in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The current study included 30 women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder in a within-subjects crossover design. Following exposure to a video designed to induce food craving, we found that a positive mood vodcast was associated with significantly lower levels of negative mood and food consumption in a taste test meal, when compared to a neutral vodcast (p = 0.002). These findings support a role for decreasing negative mood in reducing the likelihood of binge eating behaviour in women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Mapping the distributions of Pacific and western brook lampreys along the Oregon south coast using eDNA and community science : ... report
No full textShon Schooler, Jenni Schmitt, Deborah Rudd, Becky Flitcroft, and Ian Rodger.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographic references.USDA U.S. Forest Service provided funding for this projectMode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Social Cognition in Anorexia Nervosa: SCAN study
No full textBACKGROUND:
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population. It has the highest mortality rate amongst all psychiatric disorders, 5.4 times that of other psychiatric illnesses. Moreover, treatment resistance remains a significant challenge, with less than 50% of adults with AN reaching full recovery. To improve understanding of the illness, theoretical models have postulated that social-emotional processing difficulties have a key in perpetuating anorexia nervosa (AN) by increasing conflict and isolation. Through these interpersonal difficulties the illness has more room to grow and the person with AN might feel greater need to rely on eating disorder related behaviours as coping mechanisms. However, in experimental and clinical research there is still a great deal of uncertainty regarding what these difficulties might look like in practice and how they could be measured or targeted in treatment. This study aims to address this gap in literature by piloting and evaluating four new social cognition tasks designed to assess emotional reactivity and interpretation biases in and outside of neuroimaging environment. The tasks have been created based on personal stories told by people with lived experience of AN and have been designed to address criticisms laid at previous paradigms, such as the use of static images.
AIMS:
This study will aim to evaluate the four new tasks assessing emotional reactivity and interpretation in and outside of neuroimaging environment using a case-control design. We will also explore the extent to which social-emotional processing during these tasks is associated with illness severity and longitudinal outcomes.
SETTING:
The study will be conducted at King’s College London. Participants with AN will be recruited from local eating disorders services at South London & Maudsley NHS Trust. Healthy comparison participants will be recruited from the local community.
APPROACH:
This study will use mixed case-control design with both cross-sectional and longitudinal elements. We will examine differences between 140 young people with and without AN in behavioural and brain responses emotionally provoking film stimuli as well as ambiguous emotional films. Longitudinally we will explore the associations between performance on these tasks and self-reported symptomatology and illness stage assessed at two follow-up time points
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