1,720,977 research outputs found
Regards, pointages, vocalisations : perception d'indices d'attention conjointe chez les enfants présentant un Trouble du Spectre de l'Autisme
No full textUn défaut ou déficit d'attention conjointe est présent et souvent décrit dans l'autisme (e.g. Vivanti et al., 2017) qui correspond à un trouble précoce, global et sévère du développement (APA, 2013). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier en quoi l'utilisation de différents indices comportementaux (regard, pointage, verbalisation, etc.) influence les capacités d'attention conjointe d'enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), et ce, selon la présence ou non du référent dans son champ visuel. Notre étude porte sur 50 enfants TSA d'âge préscolaire et scolaire qui sont appariés à deux groupes d'enfants typiques, soit sur leur âge chronologique soit sur leur âge de développement socio-communicatif. Nous avons étudié l'attention visuelle des enfants dans un contexte expérimental grâce à la technique d'eye-tracking (3 études) ainsi que dans une situation écologique où nous avons étudié la dynamique interactive entre l'enfant et l'adulte lors de la passation de l'ECSP (Guidetti & Tourette, 2009). Deux études ont ainsi pu être menées ; l'une compare les stratégies des enfants autistes et témoins, l'autre implique un suivi longitudinal d'enfants scolarisés en UEM. L'analyse des résultats a permis de mettre en évidence que le pointage (associé ou non à des verbalisations) permet aux enfants TSA de répondre à une proposition d'attention conjointe envers un référent présent ou absent de leur champ visuel alors que le regard seul n'est pas suffisamment saillant. De plus, nous avons pu montrer qu'une prise en charge précoce et intensive a un impact positif sur la dynamique interactive (augmentation des initiations, du maintien et des réponses à l'attention conjointe, des regards mutuels, de l'attention partagée, de l'utilisation du pointage et des vocalisations)This thesis aims to study different kind of deictic bids used to refer to present or absent targets in the visual field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Joint attention is impaired (e.g. Vivanti et al., 2017) in this early, global and severe developmental disorder (APA, 2013). This research work is based, on one hand, on an experimental context and on the other hand, on an ecological situation. Fifty preschool and school children with ASD took part in the study. They were matched into two groups of typical children by chronological age and by socio-communicative developmental age. We studied visual attention impairments from 4 studies using eye-tracking. Moreover, we studied interaction between a child and an adult during ECSP (Guidetti & Tourette, 2009). The first study compares children with ASD to controls, the second compares the developmental evolution of children that were included in a special kindergarden school (UEM). The results'analysis highlight that ASD children need a combination of cues to follow someone's gaze. Pointing gesture (associated or not with verbalizations) allows them to respond to joint attention bids when the target is present or absent. Finally, we have shown that an early and intensive intervention has a positive impact on interaction (increased initiations, maintenance and responses to joint attention, mutual gaze, shared attention, use of pointing and vocalizations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Fatherhood in the context of preterm birth: A narrative review of contemporary research evidence
No full textInternational audienceLong focused on maternal roles in infancy, research is now exploring fathers' contributions to child development. Current public policy emphasizes early prevention and intervention for child and parent well‐being, especially for at‐risk infants such as those born prematurely. A literature review was conducted following the approach of a narrative review, to examine fatherhood in the context of preterm birth, highlighting the stress and emotional vulnerability experienced by fathers of preterm infants. Promoting early paternal presence and involvement in infant care helps fathers cope with this emotionally challenging experience. Despite limited data on premature fatherhood, fathers are active partners in dyadic interactions and play a significant role in their infant's neonatal intensive care unit journey and family dynamics. The discussion underscores the importance of father‐focused interventions and the paternal contribution to child development, framed within the authors' proposed integrative and developmental model of the family triad
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
EVOLUTION, DE LA NAISSANCE A UN AN, DES CAPACITES DE LOCALISATION ET DE DISCRIMINATION AUDITIVES CHEZ LES ENFANTS PREMATURES.
No full textAMIENS-BU Lettres (800212104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Les enjeux de l'attention conjointe dans les processus de communication: Particularités des enfants sourds ou atteints d'un trouble du spectre de l'autisme
No full textInternational audienceWe questioned the joint attention strategies of 3 children who are respectively ASD, deaf and typical. In a proximal situation, two different strategies are observed: initiations for the deaf but for ASD children an avoidance of the gaze, which implies a lack of initiation. In the distal situation, the same type of difficulties are observed in deaf and autistic children who interact less with adults than typical children
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
