25 research outputs found
metodología basada en el diseño social para potenciar la autoestima de madres adolescentes de la Fundación Amiguitos Royal
No full textLa investigación que a continuación se presenta tiene como propósito potenciar la autoestima de madres adolescentes que pertenecen a la Fundación Amiguitos Royal por medio de una metodología basada en el Diseño Social, la cual permite evaluar conceptos y situaciones desde el punto de vista del autor Ezio Manzini desde el Diseño Social y cualidades de la autoestima por el autor Carl Rogers, dentro de un taller de construcción de mobiliario que permita la organización de objetos en el hogar.
Se parte de una mirada de la Fundación Amiguitos Royal y por medio de entrevistas a los profesionales que hacen parte de la fundación y a la madres adolescentes, se encuentran ausencias de objetos que son necesarios para el desarrollo tanto de las madres como de los hijos dentro del hogar; aunque actualmente dentro de las actividades que plantea la fundación toman cursos de costura donde tejen la primera muda del bebé, cobija y algunas veces hasta el moisés, se logra entender que la escasez de dinero no permite que ellas gocen de mobiliario para ordenar objetos como zapatos, ropa, juguetes, etc.
A partir de un grupo focal, se observó que a las madres adolescentes les gustaría poder utilizar otros materiales, no sólo la tela, características que llevaron a Renacer a concretar determinantes del material que se va a utilizar para sus actividades, la rigidez y el fácil acceso, por tal razón se escogió el cartón como material ya que es asequible y posee la suficiente rigidez para la actividad.#DiseñoIndustrialThe research presented here aims to enhance the self-esteem of teenage mothers belonging to the Fundación Amiguitos Royal through a methodology based on Social Design. This approach allows for the evaluation of concepts and situations from the perspective of the author Ezio Manzini in Social Design and self-esteem qualities by the author Carl Rogers, within a furniture construction workshop that enables the organization of household objects. The study starts with an examination of the Fundación Amiguitos Royal and, through interviews with professionals involved in the foundation and the teenage mothers, identifies a lack of necessary objects for the development of both mothers and children at home. Currently, the foundation offers sewing courses where they create the baby’s first outfit, a blanket, and sometimes even the bassinet. However, it is understood that the lack of money prevents them from having furniture to organize items such as shoes, clothes, toys, etc. From a focus group, it was observed that the teenage mothers would like to use other materials, not just fabric. This insight led Renacer to determine the material requirements for their activities: rigidity and easy access. Therefore, cardboard was chosen as it is affordable and sufficiently rigid for the activity
Coalescent-based genome analyses resolve the early branches of the euarchontoglires
No full textDespite numerous large-scale phylogenomic studies, certain parts of the mammalian tree are extraordinarily difficult to resolve. We used the coding regions from 19 completely sequenced genomes to study the relationships within the super-clade Euarchontoglires (Primates, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Dermoptera and Scandentia) because the placement of Scandentia within this clade is controversial. The difficulty in resolving this issue is due to the short time spans between the early divergences of Euarchontoglires, which may cause incongruent gene trees. The conflict in the data can be depicted by network analyses and the contentious relationships are best reconstructed by coalescent-based analyses. This method is expected to be superior to analyses of concatenated data in reconstructing a species tree from numerous gene trees. The total concatenated dataset used to study the relationships in this group comprises 5,875 protein-coding genes (9,799,170 nucleotides) from all orders except Dermoptera (flying lemurs). Reconstruction of the species tree from 1,006 gene trees using coalescent models placed Scandentia as sister group to the primates, which is in agreement with maximum likelihood analyses of concatenated nucleotide sequence data. Additionally, both analytical approaches favoured the Tarsier to be sister taxon to Anthropoidea, thus belonging to the Haplorrhine clade. When divergence times are short such as in radiations over periods of a few million years, even genome scale analyses struggle to resolve phylogenetic relationships. On these short branches processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and possibly hybridization occur and make it preferable to base phylogenomic analyses on coalescent methods
Correction : The ArcAB two-component regulatory system promotes resistance to reactive oxygen species and systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium (PLoS ONE (2018) 13: 9 (e0203497) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203497)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2019 Pardo-Esté et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Dr. Ana Inostroza should be included in the author byline. They should be listed as the fourth author, and their affiliation is 1: Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile. The contributions of this author are as follows: acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, the development of methodology, and making a critical review. The correct citation is: Pardo-Esté C, Hidalgo AA, Aguirre C, Inostroza A, Briones AC, Cabezas CE, et al. (2018) The ArcAB two-component regulatory system promotes resistance to reactive oxygen species and systemic infection by Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS ONE 13 (9): e0203497. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020349
Draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant KPC-2 and SRT-2 co-producing Serratia marcescens strain isolated from a hospitalised patient in Chile
No full textObjectives: Serratia marcescens is a neglected opportunistic pathogen of public-health concern, especially due to its antimicrobial resistance features. Here we report the draft genome sequence of the first KPC-2 and SRT-2 co-producing S. marcescens strain (UCO-366) recovered from a catheter tip culture of a hospitalised patient in Santiago, Chile, in 2014.
Methods: Whole genomic DNA of strain UCO-366 was extracted and was sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using Unicycler v.0.4.0 and the genome was annotated by the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) v.4.8. Genomic features were analysed using bioinformatic tools available at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology, the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC).
Results: The genome size of strain UCO-366 was 5 267 357 bp, with a G+C content of 59.7% and comprising 5299 coding sequences (CDS), 42 tRNAs and 115 pseudogenes. The genome of UCO-366 also included an IncL/M plasmid. The resistome comprised various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones. Importantly, S. marcescens UCO-366 harboured bla KPC-2 and bla SRT-2 , representing the first description of these ?-lactamase genes in this species in Chile.
Conclusion: Here we report the genome of the first KPC-positive multidrug-resistant S. marcescens strain identi fied in Chile, which co-harboured several ARGs. The genome sequence of S. marcescens UCO-366 provides an insight into the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of this species in this country and offers important data for further genomic studies on this critical priority pathogen. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)
CONICYT FONDECYT
3150286
1130838
CONICYT + Attraction and Insertion of Advanced Human Capital Program (PAI)
PAI79170082
Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
FAPESP 2016/08593-9
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
CNPq 462042/2014-6
312249/2017-9
433128/2018-
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Impact of Recent English Tobacco Control Policy Using Secondary Data
No full textBackground" Smoking is the biggest avoidable cause of death and disability in England. A range of laws and policies aimed at preventing this harm have been introduced in England to try to prevent young people from becoming smokers, and encourage existing smokers to quit and to protect others from the harmful effects of cigarette smoke. This Study aimed to evaluate the effects of these policies using publically available data.
Methods: We developed logic models for each policy that indicated the anticipated causal pathways for each policy and used these to develop hypotheses for our analysis. Interrupted time series analysis was carried out systematically and using a consistent approach across policies, datasets, outcomes and populations. Outcome measures were adult smoking prevalence, quitting behaviour and consumption. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, e-cigarette prevalence and mass media expenditure. Datasets included the Smoking Toolkit Study (STS) and the Health Survey for England (HSE).
Results: Following a point of sale display ban in large shops in April 2012, based on the STS data, there was a significantly steeper declining trend in adult smoking prevalence. This finding was supported by results from the HSE. A similar result was found when analysing quit attempts. Following a point of sale ban in small shops in April 2015, there was a significantly steeper decline in trend in adult prevalence. There was also a significant decline in trend in quit attempts. No significant impact of the smoke-free policy on smoking prevalence was found and we found no evidence of a combined impact of three policies that were implemented in October 2015 (proxy purchase ban, minimum age of purchase for e-cigarettes and smoking ban in cars carrying children) on adult prevalence.
Discussion: Both display ban policies were followed by a decline in the trend for smoking prevalence and quitting attempts in adult smokers. A key strength in this study was its consistent and theory-based approach which allowed us to assign impacts to a certain policy with more confidence.This novel approach to policy analysis could also be applied in other public health disciplines.
This study is funded by NIHR PRP (PR-R14-1215-24001). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, arms length bodies or other government department
Comparison of Fatal or Irreversible Events With Extended-Duration Betrixaban Versus Standard Dose Enoxaparin in Acutely III Medical Patients: An APEX Trial Substudy
No full textBACKGROUND: Extended-duration betrixaban showed a significant reduction in venous thromboembolism in the APEX trial (Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention With Extended Duration Betrixaban Study). Given the variable clinical impact of different efficacy and safety events, one approach to assess net clinical outcomes is to include only those events that are either fatal or cause irreversible harm. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a post hoc analysis of the APEX trial-a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing extended-duration betrixaban versus standard-of-care enoxaparin. A composite of all fatal or irreversible safety (fatal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage) and efficacy events (cardiopulmonary death, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke) was evaluated in a time-to-first event analysis. In patients with positive D-dimer results, betrixaban reduced fatal or irreversible events at 35 to 42 days (4.80% versus 3.54%; hazard ratio, 0.73; absolute risk reduction, 1.26%; number needed to treat, 79 [P=0.033]) and at study end at 77 days (6.27% versus 4.36%; hazard ratio, 0.70; absolute risk reduction, 1.91%; number needed to treat, 52 [P=0.005]) versus enoxaparin. In all patients, betrixaban reduced fatal or irreversible events at 35 to 42 days (4.08% versus 2.90%; hazard ratio, 0.71; absolute risk reduction, 1.18%; number needed to treat, 86 [P=0.006]) and 77 days (5.17% versus 3.64%; hazard ratio, 0.70; absolute risk reduction, 1.53%; number needed to treat, 65 [P=0.002]). CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitalized medically ill patients, extended-duration betrixaban demonstrated an ≈30% reduction in fatal or irreversible ischemic or bleeding events compared with standard-duration enoxaparin. A total of 65 patients would require treatment with betrixaban to prevent 1 fatal or irreversible event versus enoxaparin. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01583218.sponsorship: The study was funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials gov number NCT01583218. The corresponding author had full access to all of the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The authors wrote all drafts of the article and take responsibility for its content. The sponsors had the opportunity to review and comment on this article but had no editorial authority. (Portola Pharmaceuticals, APEX ClinicalTrials|NCT01583218)status: Publishe
One-step nanoscale expansion microscopy reveals individual protein shapes
No full text\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.The attainable resolution of fluorescence microscopy has reached the subnanometer range, but this technique still fails to image the morphology of single proteins or small molecular complexes. Here, we expand the specimens at least tenfold, label them with conventional fluorophores and image them with conventional light microscopes, acquiring videos in which we analyze fluorescence fluctuations. One-step nanoscale expansion (ONE) microscopy enables the visualization of the shapes of individual membrane and soluble proteins, achieving around 1-nm resolution. We show that conformational changes are readily observable, such as those undergone by the ~17-kDa protein calmodulin upon Ca2+ binding. ONE is also applied to clinical samples, analyzing the morphology of protein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid from persons with Parkinson disease, potentially aiding disease diagnosis. This technology bridges the gap between high-resolution structural biology techniques and light microscopy, providing new avenues for discoveries in biology and medicine
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways: A revolving neurochemical axis for therapeutic intervention?
No full textExcitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by the release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals onto postsynaptic channels gated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA (AMPA and KA) receptors. Extracellular signals control diverse neuronal functions and are responsible for mediating activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength and neuronal survival. Influx of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+] e) through the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is required for neuronal activity to change the strength of many synapses. At the molecular level, the NMDAR interacts with signaling modules, which, like the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, transduce excitatory signals across neurons. Recent burgeoning evidence points to the fact that MAPKs play a crucial role in regulating the neurochemistry of NMDARs, their physiologic and biochemical-biophysical properties, and their potential role in pathophysiology. It is the purpose of this review to discuss: (i) the MAPKs and their role in a plethora of cellular functions; (ii) the role of MAPKs in regulating the biochemistry and physiology of NMDA receptors; (iii) the kinetics of MAPK-NMDA interactions and their biologic and neurochemical properties; (iv) how cellular signaling pathways, related cofactors and intracellular conditions affect NMDA-MAPK interactions and (v) the role of NMDA-MAPK pathways in pathophysiology and the evolution of disease conditions. Given the versatility of the NMDA-MAPK interactions, the NMDA-MAPK axis will likely form a neurochemical target for therapeutic interventions.Adamchik Y, 2000, NEUROSCIENCE, V99, P731, DOI 10.1016-S0306-4522(00)00229-3; Ahn YM, 2000, NEUROSCI LETT, V296, P101, DOI 10.1016-S0304-3940(00)01632-3; Aizenman E, 2000, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V295, P572; Anders DL, 1999, J NEUROCHEM, V72, P1389, DOI 10.1046-j.1471-4159.1999.721389.x; Armstead WM, 2003, EUR J PHARMACOL, V474, P249, DOI 10.1016-S0014-2999(03)02012-0; Avruch J, 2001, RECENT PROG HORM RES, V56, P127, DOI 10.1210-rp.56.1.127; Barnstable CJ, 2004, NEUROCHEM INT, V45, P875, DOI 10.1016-j.neuint.2004.03.018; Baron C, 1996, J NEUROCHEM, V66, P1005; Barr RK, 2001, INT J BIOCHEM CELL B, V33, P1047, DOI 10.1016-S1357-2725(01)00093-0; Barros DM, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V114, P183, DOI 10.1016-S0166-4328(00)00226-6; BASZARATE C, 2002, NEUROSCI LETT, V321, P9; Belcheva MM, 2002, NEUROSIGNALS, V11, P34, DOI 10.1159-000057320; Berman DE, 2000, J NEUROSCI, V20, P7017; 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Comparison of fatal or irreversible events with extended-duration betrixaban versus standard dose enoxaparin in acutely Ill medical patients: An APEX trial substudy
No full textBackground-Extended-duration betrixaban showed a significant reduction in venous thromboembolism in the APEX trial (Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention With Extended Duration Betrixaban Study). Given the variable clinical impact of different efficacy and safety events, one approach to assess net clinical outcomes is to include only those events that are either fatal or cause irreversible harm. Methods and Results-This was a post hoc analysis of the APEX trial-a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing extended-duration betrixaban versus standard-of-care enoxaparin. A composite of all fatal or irreversible safety (fatal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage) and efficacy events (cardiopulmonary death, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke) was evaluated in a time-to-first event analysis. In patients with positive D-dimer results, betrixaban reduced fatal or irreversible events at 35 to 42 days (4.80% versus 3.54%; hazard ratio, 0.73; absolute risk reduction, 1.26%; number needed to treat, 79 [P=0.033]) and at study end at 77 days (6.27% versus 4.36%; hazard ratio, 0.70; absolute risk reduction, 1.91%; number needed to treat, 52 [P=0.005]) versus enoxaparin. In all patients, betrixaban reduced fatal or irreversible events at 35 to 42 days (4.08% versus 2.90%; hazard ratio, 0.71; absolute risk reduction, 1.18%; number needed to treat, 86 [P=0.006]) and 77 days (5.17% versus 3.64%; hazard ratio, 0.70; absolute risk reduction, 1.53%; number needed to treat, 65 [P=0.002]). Conclusions-Among hospitalized medically ill patients, extended-duration betrixaban demonstrated an ≈ 30% reduction in fatal or irreversible ischemic or bleeding events compared with standard-duration enoxaparin. A total of 65 patients would require treatment with betrixaban to prevent 1 fatal or irreversible event versus enoxaparin
Representaciones sociales de los docentes sobre la inclusión en neurodiversidad en la Institución Educativa Seis de Abril de la ciudad de Villavicencio
No full textDigitalLa presente investigación trata sobre las percepciones que presentan los docentes sobre la inclusión en neurodiversidad de una institución educativa publica de la ciudad de Villavicencio/Meta, la manera en que se aborda y se vive en el entorno escolar, para la metodología de la presente investigación se empleó al enfoque cualitativo, en relación con el diseño, se ha implementado de modo hermenéutico y de tipo interpretativo, ya que, se tiene en cuenta las visiones individuales de los participantes, y se explora en sus vivencias subjetivas y las distintas interpretaciones que ofrecen de la realidad. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de una entrevista semiestructurada con fundamento en la teoría de Representaciones sociales del autor Serge Moscovici, del cual se logra inferir que los docentes de acuerdo a la interpretación de las verbalizaciones basadas en la teoría ya nombrada, identifican importantes disparidades en este ámbito, además de la escasez de recursos y capacitación, se reconoce la discriminación y exclusión presentes en distintos ámbitos, como el familiar, escolar, social y gubernamental, si bien la mayoría de los docentes muestran una actitud positiva hacia la inclusión, carecen de la formación y herramientas necesarias para llevar a cabo un proceso inclusivo efectivo.The present research deals with the perceptions that teachers present about the inclusion in neurodiversity of a public educational institution in the city of Villavicencio/Meta, the way in which it is approached and experienced in the school environment, for the methodology of the present research. The qualitative approach was used in relation to the design, it has been implemented in a hermeneutic and interpretive manner, since the individual visions of the participants are taken into account, and their subjective experiences and the different interpretations they offer are explored. of reality. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured interview based on the theory of social representations of the author Serge Moscovici, from which it is possible to infer that teachers, according to the interpretation of the verbalizations based on the theory already mentioned, identify important disparities in this area, in addition to the scarcity of resources and training, the discrimination and exclusion present in different areas, such as family, school, social and government, is recognized, although the majority of teachers show a positive attitude towards inclusion, They lack the training and tools necessary to carry out an effective inclusive process.Resumen -- Abstract -- Planteamiento del problema -- Justificación -- Objetivos -- Marco referencial -- Marco conceptual -- Marco teórico -- La teoría de las representaciones sociales de Serge Moscovici -- Marco empírico -- Investigaciones nacionales -- Investigaciones internacionales -- Marco legal -- Metodología -- Enfoque -- Diseño y tipo de investigación -- Técnica de análisis y codificación de datos cualitativos -- Consideraciones éticas -- Resultados -- Análisis de resultados -- Recursos -- Figura 1 Red Recurso -- Creencia -- Figura 2 Red Creencia -- Conceptos -- Figura 3 Red Conceptos -- Contextos -- Figura 4 Red Contextos -- Apreciación -- Figura 5 Red Apreciación -- Discusiones -- Conclusiones --Referencias.PregradoPsicologíaEducación social e intervención psicosocial
