41 research outputs found
Testing Methodology for the AEB System
No full textLõputöös uuriti automaatse hädapidurduse süsteemi toimimist ning selle tulemusel loodi lihtne,
madala hinnaga ja võimalikult ohutu AEB süsteemi testimise metoodika. Viidi läbi ka katseid, et
aidata kaasa metoodika loomisele ning ka metoodika toimimise kontrollimiseks.
Töö esimeses pooles tutvustati AEB süsteemi. Süsteemi toimimiseks vajalikke tehnoloogiaid ning
komponente. Veel toodi välja ettevõtte Euro NCAP tegevusvaldkond ning kirjeldati nende poolt
seatud kriteeriume automaatse hädapidurduse süsteemi testimiseks ning lühidalt räägiti ka katses
kasutatavast katsekehast. Lõputöö teises pooles kirjeldati, kuidas autor lähenes katse metoodika
loomisele. Teises pooles kirjeldati ka loodava testi metoodika katsetamist ja tulemusi. Lõpetuseks
Toodi välja edasine arendus vajalikkus.
Püstitatud eesmärk sai täidetud, kuid mõningaste puudustega. Automaatse hädapidurduse süsteemi
testimise metoodika sai loodud. Välja sai mõeldud katse raja ülesehitus. Valmistatud sai piisavalt
kerge katsekeha ehk auto makett. Ohutuse tõstmiseks sai metoodikale loodud ka punkt, kus süsteemi
mitte toimimisel oleks võimalik veel auto seisma pidurdada või eemale põigata Loodud testi
metoodikat katsetati kolme erineva autoga ühestel tingimustel. Kolmest autost kahe puhul toimis testi
metoodika. Ühe auto puhul pigem ei toiminud selline metoodika.
Lähtudes testi metoodika katse tulemusest tuleks katse metoodikat veel arendada ning katsetada, et
testi metoodikat saaks rakendada tehnoülevaatustel, klaasi ettevõtetel või eraisikul oleks võimalik
loodud metoodikaga ostetava auto AEB süsteemi kontrollida.The aim of the thesis is to create a testing methodology for an automatic emergency braking system
(AEB) to verify its functionality. The main keywords for the methodology to be developed were
simplicity, low cost, and safety. The methodology could be applied in various scenarios, such as glass
replacement companies, where after replacing the glass and calibrating the cameras, a test could be
carried out to ensure the correct operation of the system. It would also be a useful tool for individuals
buying a car equipped with AEB, as they could verify the functionality of the system. Additionally,
technical inspection points could use this testing methodology to verify the functionality of the system
in real-world scenarios.
The thesis examined the operation of automatic emergency braking (AEB) system and as a result, a
simple, low-cost, and as safe as possible AEB system testing methodology was developed. Tests were
conducted to contribute to the creation of the methodology and also to verify its operation.
The first part of the thesis introduced the AEB system and the technologies and components necessary
for its operation. The Euro NCAP's field of activity was also outlined, and the criteria set by them for
testing automatic emergency braking systems were described, as well as briefly discussing the test
body used in the experiment. The second part of the thesis described how the author approached the
creation of the testing methodology, and also described the testing and results of the methodology.
Finally, the need for further development was highlighted.
The set goal was achieved, albeit with some shortcomings. The automatic emergency braking system
testing methodology was created. The layout of the test track was designed, and a sufficiently
lightweight test body, i.e., a car model, was manufactured. To increase safety, a point was added to
the methodology where it would be possible to stop the car or swerve away if the system did not
function. The developed testing methodology was tested on three different cars under the same
conditions. The methodology worked for two of the three cars, but for one car, it did not work as well.
Based on the test results of the testing methodology, the methodology should be further developed
and tested so that it can be applied in technical inspections, glass companies or by individuals to check
the AEB system of a purchased car using the created methodology
Involving Sales Managers in Sales Force Compensation Design
No full textSales force incentive design often involves significant participation by sales managers in designing the compensation plans of salespeople who report to them. Although sales managers hold valuable territory-level information, they may benefit from misrepresenting that information given their own incentives. The author uses a game theoretic model to show (1) how a firm can efficiently leverage a manager’s true knowledge and (2) the conditions under which involving the manager is optimal. Under the proposed approach, the firm delegates sales incentive decisions to the manager within restrictive constraints. She can then request relaxed constraints by fulfilling certain requirements. The author shows how these constraints and requirements can be set to ensure the firm’s best possible outcome given the manager’s information. Thus, this “request mechanism” offers an efficient, reliable alternative to approaches often used in practice to incorporate managerial input, such as internal negotiations and behind-the-scenes lobbying. The author then identifies the conditions under which this mechanism outperforms the well-established theoretical approach of offering the salesperson a menu of contracts to reveal territory-level information
A forward collision avoidance algorithm based on driver braking behavior
No full textMeasuring risk is critical for collision avoidance. The paper aims to develop an online risk level classification algorithm for forward collision avoidance systems. Assuming risk levels are reflected by braking profiles, deceleration curves from critical evasive braking events from the Virginia “100-car” database were first extracted. The curves are then clustered into different risk levels based on spectrum clustering, using curve distance and curve changing rate as dissimilarity metrics among deceleration curves. Fuzzy logic rules of safety indicators at critical braking onset for risk classification were then extracted according to the clustered risk levels. The safety indicators include time to collision, time headway, and final relative distance under emergency braking, which characterizes three kinds of uncertain critical conditions respectively. Finally, the obtained fuzzy risk level classification algorithm was tested and compared with other Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) algorithms under Euro-NCAP testing scenarios in simulation. Results show the proposed algorithm is promising in balancing the objectives of avoiding collision and reducing interference with driver's normal driving compared with other algorithms.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and Plannin
Amsterdam as a Sustainable European Metropolis: Integration of Water, Energy and Material Flows
No full textAmsterdam has the ambition to develop as a competitive and sustainable European metropolis. The flows of energy, water and resources within the urban environment have a large potential to contribute to this ambition. The overall mass balances of phosphate, food, water, energy and material imports in the Amsterdam region have already been mapped. Through a transition from a linear usage of resources and waste production without feedbacks of resources, towards a sustainable management of urban resources with circular flows of resources, the sustainability of cities can be increased. This Urban Harvesting Concept can be applied in Amsterdam. The challenge is to operationalize this concept in practice. Two municipal companies in Amsterdam, Waternet and AEB, take initiatives to create closed cycles within their working areas. Waternet is the water company of Amsterdam and surroundings responsible for all water activities. AEB is the company which operates two waste-to-energy plants in Amsterdam. The focus is on water, energy, waste and material flows. Integration of these cycles is also part of the initiatives. These circular flows result in economic benefits and sustainability benefits, either expressed as Ecopoints or CO2-emissions.Water ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Harmonia-on-the-go: Mobile app for learning music harmony.
No full textThis brief was based on the project AED 01/17 CKM: Harmonia-on-the-Go: Mobile App for Learning Music Harmony. The project team comprises the author (PI), Mr Tan Kheng Leong (co-PI, NTU-SCSE), Dr Cheng Yuan Shan (co-PI, NIE), and Mrs Ee-Chek Yui Hong (collaborator, MOE-AEB); the research assistant is Ms Ng Sock Poh
Implementasi Peraturan Gubernur tentang Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai pada Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Provinsi Papua Barat
No full textThis study is entitled Implementation of the Governor's Regulation on Additional Employee Income on the Regional Personnel Agency of West Papua Province. This research is motivated by the author's interest in the Implementation of West Papua Governor Regulation Number 19 of 2023 concerning Additional Employee Income for State Civil Apparatus within the West Papua Provincial Government, which regulation was issued with the background of providing additional employee income aimed at improving employee performance, but there are still some employees who have not been able to achieve this goal. In this study, the author uses the George C. Edward III model theory consisting of communication, policy resources, disposition or attitude of implementers, and bureaucratic structure. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques carried out by collecting primary and secondary data through interviews and observations, for secondary data obtained from official documents, in the form of activity reports and applicable laws and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the Implementation of the Policy on Providing Additional Income for Employees at the Regional Personnel Agency of West Papua Province is not yet optimal, the regulations that have been set are still new so that many employees do not understand, there still needs to be intensive socialization so that the policies that will be implemented can be understood by all employees.
 
Shared control versus traded control in driving: a debate around automation pitfalls
No full textA major question in human-automation interaction is whether tasks should be traded or shared between human and automation. This work presents reflections—which have evolved through classroom debates between the authors over the past 10 years—on these two forms of human-automation interaction, with a focus on the automated driving domain. As in the lectures, we start with a historically informed survey of six pitfalls of automation: (1) Loss of situation and mode awareness, (2) Deskilling, (3) Unbalanced mental workload, (4) Behavioural adaptation, (5) Misuse, and (6) Disuse. Next, one of the authors explains why he believes that haptic shared control may remedy the pitfalls. Next, another author rebuts these arguments, arguing that traded control is the most promising way to improve road safety. This article ends with a common ground, explaining that shared and traded control outperform each other at medium and low environmental complexity, respectively. Practitioner summary: Designers of automation systems will have to consider whether humans and automation should perform tasks alternately or simultaneously. The present article provides an in-depth reflection on this dilemma, which may prove insightful and help guide design. Abbreviations: ACC: Adaptive Cruise Control: A system that can automatically maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front; AEB: Advanced Emergency Braking (also known as Autonomous Emergency Braking): A system that automatically brakes to a full stop in an emergency situation; AES: Automated Evasive Steering: A system that automatically steers the car back into safety in an emergency situation; ISA: Intelligent Speed Adaptation: A system that can limit engine power automatically so that the driving speed does not exceed a safe or allowed speed.Human-Robot Interactio
Comparing Route Alternatives of Sea Toll Program Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
No full textThe Ministry of Transportation Republik Indonesia has proposed 4
options to implement Sea Toll Program 2018. However, in order to choose the
option, The Ministry of Transportation only considered the cost and qualitative
advantages - disadvantages of each option. This research aims to help The
Ministry of Transportation to choose the route option by considering costs and
quantitative benefits of each option using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. This
research also aims to give additional option of Sea Toll Program 2018
implementation that can maximize the benefit obtained by the people who are
living in Daerah Tertinggal, Terpencil, Terluar, dan Pedalaman (3TP Area).
This research is started by benefit and cost identification of each option,
routing algorithm creation, benefit and cost calculation, Incremental Cost-
Effectiveness Analysis, and Sensitivity Analysis. From this research, it is known
that the new option proposed by the author is chosen with benefit point 0.6244
and total cost Rp345,581,964,670.00.
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Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia menawarkan 4 opsi
penyelenggaraan tol laut. Tetapi, dalam pemilihan opsi tersebut, Kementerian
Perhubungan hanya mempertimbangkan biaya dan manfaat kualitatif. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk membantu Kementerian Perhubungan untuk memilih opsi rute
yang terbaik dengan mempertimbangkan biaya dan manfaat secara kuantitatif
dengan menggunakan Analisis Efektivitas Biaya (AEB). Penelitian ini juga
bertujuan memberikan rekomendasi opsi baru penyelenggaraan Tol laut 2018
yang mampu memaksimalkan benefit yang diterima oleh masyarakat Daerah
Tertinggal, Terpencil, Terluar, dan Pedalaman (Daerah 3TP).
Penelitian ini diawali dengan identifikasi biaya dan manfaat tiap opsi,
pembuatan algoritma penyusunan rute, perhitungan biaya dan manfaat masing –
masing opsi, perhitungan AEB secara inkremental, dan analisis sensitivitas. Dari
penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa opsi baru yang disusun penulis dapat dipilih
dengan poin manfaat sebesar 0.6244 dan total biaya Rp345.581.964.670,00
Food Waste through the Food-Water-Energy Nexus Lenses: A Case Study of Amsterdam
No full textFood waste is a global issue that causes various but significant global impacts, wasting millions of hectares of arable land, 0.75 to 1.25 trillion of cubic meter of water per year, and about 1.5% of the global energy production. In developed nations, food waste occurs mainly at the retail and consumer stage. By 2050, 80% of the global food consumption will take place within cities. Cities are also a key nexus of energy, water, and food flows. Amsterdam offers an interesting case study as the city does not have any comprehensive strategy to tackle the food waste produced within its boundaries. Yet, the city has shown ambitions in transforming itself into a sustainable metropolis with strong renewable energy and circular strategies. This study uses the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus approach, particularly suited to understand the interactions and interconnections between Amsterdam’s food flows and the energy and water systems. This study performs a Material Flow Analysis to quantify the different food waste (FW) flows and their origins. It finds that households are the main producers of food waste compared to FW-producing businesses in Amsterdam. Bread, dairy, vegetables, and fruits are the largest avoidable FW, while vegetable peels, fruits peels, coffee grounds, and potatoes peels constitute the bulk of unavoidable food waste. It then quantifies the embedded energy and water present within these food flows. Using the latest developments in the field of bio-based economy regarding food waste valorization, it provides an inventory of the potential technologies available to valorize Amsterdam’s FW. The study then quantifies the energy and water inputs of 12 of these food waste-valorizing technologies. This step confirms the large knowledge gap regarding the water and energy intensities of the latest bio-based technologies. The type and amount of recovered resources through these technologies are also quantified. In addition, this study provides a review of the current social and commercial initiatives based in Amsterdam tackling this issue of food waste. It offers a six-category qualitative framework to assess their food waste rescue potential. Then, a new food waste management and valorization framework is proposed, based on the Value Pyramid model from the bio-based economy, the Food Waste Management Hierarchy framework, and the FEW nexus insights developed in this study. This new framework enables to outline strategies for both Amsterdam’s avoidable and unavoidable food waste flows. It suggests anaerobic digestion, Black Soldier Fly bioconversion, and composting as potential FEW-efficient solutions for Amsterdam’s unavoidable FW. Last, Amsterdam’s FW stakeholders are analyzed through their importance, interests, and potential roles in a future FW scheme. It suggests that the municipality and AEB, Amsterdam’s Waste-to-Energy plant should be at the center of a future FW valorization scheme. Overall, this study combines the FEW nexus perspective and the bio-based economy approach to identify the best options to manage and valorize Amsterdam’s food waste.Industrial Ecolog
Effects of transaction costs and discount rate on the banking decision of emission permits trading
No full textInternational audienceThis paper characterizes and compares the optimal and the strategic behaviour of two countries or firms that minimize costs facing emission standards. Emission standards can be reached through emission reduction, banking or borrowing, and emission trading in a given and fixed planning horizon. Our model extends the existing theoretical models in this area of research in two directions mainly. First, we revisit the model proposed by Rubin (1996) to introduce and study the impacts of transaction costs in tradeable emission markets. Second, we extend Stavins' (1995) work from a static to a dynamic setting. We analyze the case with and without transaction costs and the case with and without discount rate. We characterize solutions and equilibria in each case and, depending on the initial allocation, characterize the buyer and seller in the emission trading market. Our main findings extend Rubin's paper proving that agents equilibrium is not efficient when transaction cost are positive and expand Stavins' results to a dynamic framework
