1,720,965 research outputs found
Digitaliser pour mieux mesurer ? Rôle et usages des formulaires de maintenance sur leschantiers ferroviaires
No full textInternational audienceRendre compte de son travail sur les chantiers de maintenance ferroviaire n'a rien d'évident. Remplir les formulaires de maintenance prévus à cet effet soulève de nombreuses questions pour les techniciens réalisant ce travail d'écriture plus ou moins routinisé. Ces enjeux se transforment dès lors que ces formulaires papiers laissent place à des formulaires numériques, sur smartphone. C'est cette dématérialisation que cette communication discute, en étudiant le rôle et la spécificité de ces formulaires numérisés dans l'environnement particulier qu'est le chantier. A partir de données ethnographiques récoltées sur plusieurs années et issues d'un travail de thèse de sociologie en cours, il est possible de montrer que les supposées conséquences bénéfiques de cette « transformation numérique » sur le travail de maintenance ne vont pas de soi pour les mainteneurs. Il apparait davantage qu'en situation, il faille désormais rendre des comptes. Les techniciens sont ainsi amenés à devoir surmonter les problèmes pratiques posés par ce nouveau support, voire à le contourner, pour pouvoir continuer à réaliser leurs interventions dans les temps
Understanding the changes in railway maintenance work: a sociotechnical perspective
No full textRailway maintenance work is relatively unknown to the general public, and sociologists have shown little interest in it. It is an outdoor job, punctuated by interventions, equipped with a lot of artifacts and distributed on the rails. This paper presents my PhD work, at the intersection between the concerns of the sociology of work, concerned with studying and characterizing this professional activity, and the CSCW, particularly around the method of technology probes and discussions between ethnography and design
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Hervé Champin, Jean Finez et Alexandre Largier (dir.), La SNCF à l’épreuve du XXIe siècle
No full textÀ l’été 2022 s’est clos le procès des accidents de Brétigny-sur-Orge ayant causé sept décès et blessé plusieurs centaines de personnes en 2013. La SNCF est condamnée à « la peine maximale » pour blessures et homicides involontaires. Elle est mise en cause pour une « désorganisation » de l’entreprise et un « échec dans la chaîne de maintenance » ferroviaire, causés par « la lente dégradation [des] conditions de travail [des cheminots et cheminotes] qui ont été impactées par les objectifs de re..
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Overlook of Maintenance Practices in the Digitalization of Railway Maintenance Records
No full textWe present an ethnographic study of railway maintenance work, with a focus on digitalized maintenance records. This on-going research is taking place in a small private railway maintenance company in the south of France for two years. We describe the integration of maintenance records in a wide material environment, and the evolution from filling in these records on paper to smartphones. This research brings some nuance on the beneficial effects of the 'digital transformation' in this industry, and shows how the workers compensate for the overlook of their practices in the design of the digital records
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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