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Contra Salmon: Salvando as Teorias Conceituais
Get PDFResumo: Neste texto pretendo expor alguns argumentos de Nathan Salmon, que visam mostrar que as teorias conceituais do valor informacional de termos singulares não podem ser o caso, e apresentar algumas objeções a esses argumentos, que visam restabelecer as capacidades das teorias conceituais de assegurar o referente e de ter um conceito como o valor informacional de um termo singular. Realizo tal objetivo, fazendo uma introdução inicial onde exponho brevemente o Enigma de Frege, depois mostro a própria apresentação de Salmon do Enigma junto com seus argumentos contra as teorias conceituais e, intermediariamente, apresento minhas objeções aos argumentos de Salmon. Finalmente, concluo que se as objeções forem satisfatórias, elas restabelecem as capacidades das teorias conceituais que teriam sido removidas pelos argumentos apresentados por Salmon.Palavras-chave: Filosofia da Linguagem; Enigma de Frege; Teorias Conceituais.Abstract: In this paper I intend to expose some of Nathan Salmon\u27s arguments, which aim to show that the conceptual theories of the informational value of singular terms cannot be the case, and to present some objections to these arguments, objections which seek to restore the capacity of the conceptual theories to secure the referent, and to have a concept as the informational value of a singular term. I fulfill such goal by making an initial introduction, where I briefly explain Frege\u27s Puzzle, and then I show Salmon\u27s presentation of Frege\u27s Puzzle along with his arguments against the conceptual theories, and I intermittently present my objections to Salmon\u27s arguments. Finally, I conclude that if the objections are satisfactory, they restore the capacity of conceptual theories that would have been removed by the arguments advanced by Salmon.Keywords: Philosophy of Language; Frege\u27s Puzzle; Conceptual Theories
Contra a Necessidade Metafísica da lei "O Sal se Dissolve em Água"
No full textIn this paper, I intend to argue against Alexander Bird‟s thesis (2001) that the law salt dissolves in water is metaphysically necessary. I briefly indicate Bird‟s argument for the necessity of such law, and then I provide a counter-argument to his thesis. In a general way, Bird wants to show that the existence of certain substances depends on the truth of certain laws, and that because of this the existence of such substances implies the existence of such laws. That would make the laws existing at least while the substance it rules exists; what, for Bird, makes such laws metaphysically necessary. My counter-argument to Bird is that such conception apprehends just what we call “weak necessity”, and not the strong necessity we would like a metaphysically necessary law to have
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
O CANTO DO MARABAIXO: ELEMENTO DE RESISTÊNCIA DE ORALIDADE AFRICANA E APROPRIAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA CULTURAL NO AMAPÁ
Get PDFThis text is a research based on narratives of the poetic composition ladrões de marabaixo. It is written under the conception of the marabaixeiros who produce these songs and addresses the pretensions and motivations of this musical genre. It aims at identifying the elements which belong to the cultural identity of marabaixo as of the oral traditions inserted in the manifestation of ladrões - verses which characterizes songs of this musical genre. This emphasis is needed for it establishes a closer relationship with the songs’ anthropological premises, allowing them to be described for both academic knowledge and for the appreciation of the manifestation of the marabaixo. The research was based under the theoretical framework from studies such as Luiz Gonzaga Motta (2013), which brings the analysis of the narratives. They pass through an interpretive process under the construction of meanings. As a historical contribution, Pereira (1989) and Canto (1998) were able to collaborate in order to understand the marabaixo through the first historical records; Hampaté Bâ (2010) and Neto (2008) supported the orality and memory linked to oral narratives. In this text, the most remote communities were emphasized for they were represented by some singers that descended from the first marabaixo composers. These singers, who are also composers, were interviewed and their words showed the relevance of the compositions and how the narratives involved in the manifestation were constituted by oral tradition. The analysis of such narratives considered their social, historical and cultural contexts which revealed the process of resistance symbolically imbued in the communities.Este texto foi produzido com base em pesquisa sobre as narrativas presentes na composição poética dos ladrões de Marabaixo, sob a concepção dos marabaixeiros que produzem essas canções e aborda sobre as pretensões e as motivações desse gênero musical. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os elementos pertencentes à identidade cultural do Marabaixo, a partir das tradições orais que estão inseridas na manifestação por meio de ladrões – nome dado aos versos que compõem as cantigas desse ritmo musical. A importância desse enfoque é promover uma relação mais próxima com as premissas antropológicas das canções, permitindo que sejam descritos tanto para o conhecimento acadêmico, quanto para a valorização da manifestação do Marabaixo. A pesquisa foi fundamentada na teoria de Luiz Gonzaga Motta (2013), no contexto das análises das narrativas, a qual compreende que elas passam por um processo interpretativo por meio da construção de sentidos; como aporte histórico, Pereira (1989) e Canto (1998) puderam colaborar no intuito de compreender o Marabaixo através dos primeiros registros históricos; Hampâté Bâ (2010) e Ferreira Netto (2008) fundamentaram a questão da oralidade e da memória atreladas às narrativas orais. Neste texto, foram destacadas as comunidades mais remotas, representadas por alguns cantadores descendentes diretos dos primeiros compositores de Marabaixo. Tais cantadores, que também são compositores, subsidiaram este trabalho por meio de entrevistas que comprovam a relevância das composições e como as narrativas envoltas na manifestação são constituídas de tradição oral. A análise de tais narrativas considerou os contextos sociais, históricos e culturais, que revelou o processo de resistência imbuído simbolicamente nas comunidades
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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