491,853 research outputs found
Children and the experience of violence: contrasting cultures of punishment in northern Nigeria
No full textArising out of debates over ‘children at risk’ and the ‘rights of the child’, the article compares two contrasting childhoods within a single large society—the Hausa‐speaking peoples of northern Nigeria. One segment of this society—the non‐Muslim Maguzawa—refuse to allow their children to be beaten; the other segment, the Muslim Hausa, tolerate corporal punishment both at home and especially in Qur'anic schools. Why the difference? Economic as well as political reasons are offered as reasons for the rejection of corporal punishment while it is argued that, in the eyes of Muslim society in the cities, the threat of punishment is essential for both educating and ‘civilising’ the young by imposing the necessary degree of discipline and self‐control that are considered the hallmark of a good Muslim. In short, ‘cultures of punishment’ arise out of specific historical conditions, with wide variations in the degree and frequency with which children actually suffer punishment, and at whose hands. Finally the question is raised whether the violence experienced in schooling has sanctioned in the community at large a greater tolerance of violence‐as‐‘punishment’
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Last Will and Testament of Ida M. Tarbell
No full textCopy of Ida M. Tarbell's Last Will and Testament with articl
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
Distance and mean citation for first-last author relationship in three resolutions (100 m, 1 km, and 1000 km).
No full text<p>Distance and mean citation for first-last author relationship in three resolutions (100 m, 1 km, and 1000 km).</p
The last generation
No full textThe Last Generation is a laser-cut, plywood sculpture (1.2x1.2x0.3m) containing 52 miniature red scrolling LED text modules. It is shaped in the form of a low resolution greyscale computer icon once widely used to represent the 'Save as - to floppy disc” function on greyscale computer monitors. Each text alludes both to that which has been lost through rapid technological progression & the long term ecological damage being created through their rapid transition of technological objects from desirable commodity to waste stream.----- \ud
The scrolling texts are intentionally blurred as a tactic for drawing attention to the constant superceding of prior technological products in favour of those with incrementally higher resolutions (often far in excess of user requirements). The work therefore sought to question the ICT industry’s lack of clear policies in terms of avoiding pre-planned obsolescence in their products as well as the toxicity of commonly employed materials – an agenda which at that that time had garnered limited governmental attention. The Last Generation was commissioned for a National touring design/art/craft exhibition in 2007-8 and has future public showings booked for 2009
Caspian sea-level changes during the last millennium: Historical and geological evidence from the south Caspian Sea
No full textThis article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright @ Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.Historical literature may constitute a valuable
source of information to reconstruct sea-level changes. Here,
historical documents and geological records have been combined
to reconstruct Caspian sea-level (CSL) changes during
the last millennium. In addition to a comprehensive literature
review, new data from two short sediment cores were
obtained from the south-eastern Caspian coast to identify
coastal change driven by water-level changes and to compare
the results with other geological and historical findings.
The overall results indicate a high-stand during the Little Ice
Age, up to −21m (and extra rises due to manmade river
avulsion), with a −28m low-stand during the Medieval Climate
Anomaly, while presently the CSL stands at −26.5 m.
A comparison of the CSL curve with other lake systems and
proxy records suggests that the main sea-level oscillations
are essentially paced by solar irradiance. Although the major
controller of the long-term CSL changes is driven by climatological
factors, the seismicity of the basin creates local
changes in base level. These local base-level changes should be considered in any CSL reconstruction
Determinants of last lap speed in paced and maximal 1500-m time trials
No full textPurpose: The present study identified the physiological and performance characteristics that are deterministic during a maximal 1500-m time trial and in paced 1500-m time trials, with an all-out last lap.
Methods: Thirty-two trained middle-distance runners (n = 21 male, VO2peak: 72.1 ± 3.2; n = 11, female, VO2peak: 61.2 ± 3.7 mL kg−1 min−1) completed a 1500-m time trial in the fastest time possible (1500FAST) as well as a 1500MOD and 1500SLOW trial whereby mean speed was reduced during the 0–1100 m by 5% and 10%, respectively. Anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), running economy (RE), the velocity corresponding with VO2peak (VVO2peak), maximal sprint speed (MSS) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) were determined during additional testing. Carnosine content was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and expressed as a Z-score to estimate muscle fibre typology.
Results: 1500FAST time was best explained by RE and VVO2peak in female runners (adjusted r2 = 0.80, P < 0.001), in addition to the 0–1100-m speed relative to VVO2peak in male runners (adjusted r2 = 0.72, P < 0.001). Runners with a higher gastrocnemius carnosine Z-score (i.e., higher estimated percentage of type II fibres) and greater MAOD, reduced their last lap time to a greater extent in the paced 1500-m trials. Neither ASR nor MSS was associated with last lap time in the paced trials.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that VVO2 peak and RE are key determinants of 1500-m running performance with a sustained pace from the start, while a higher carnosine Z-score and MAOD are more important for last lap speed in tactical 1500-m races
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage
No full textWith polar temperatures ∼3–5 °C warmer than today, the last interglacial stage (∼125 kyr ago) serves as a partial analogue for 1–2 °C global warming scenarios. Geological records from several sites indicate that local sea levels during the last interglacial were higher than today, but because local sea levels differ from global sea level, accurately reconstructing past global sea level requires an integrated analysis of globally distributed data sets. Here we present an extensive compilation of local sea level indicators and a statistical approach for estimating global sea level, local sea levels, ice sheet volumes and their associated uncertainties. We find a 95% probability that global sea level peaked at least 6.6 m higher than today during the last interglacial; it is likely (67% probability) to have exceeded 8.0 m but is unlikely (33% probability) to have exceeded 9.4 m. When global sea level was close to its current level (≥-10 m), the millennial average rate of global sea level rise is very likely to have exceeded 5.6 m kyr-1 but is unlikely to have exceeded 9.2 m kyr-1. Our analysis extends previous last interglacial sea level studies by integrating literature observations within a probabilistic framework that accounts for the physics of sea level change. The results highlight the long-term vulnerability of ice sheets to even relatively low levels of sustained global warming.This is a post-print version of an article published in Nature. The published version is available at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v462/n7275/full/nature08686.htmlPeer reviewe
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