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Drilling behavior and tool wear mechanisms of rock wool fiber reinforced pa6 composites
No full textThis study investigates the drilling performance of Polyamide 6 (PA6) composites reinforced with 30 wt% rock wool mineral fiber. The composite plates were fabricated via twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. Drilling experiments were performed on a 3-axis CNC machine using HSS, TiN-coated HSS, and Carbide bits to evaluate delamination, surface roughness (mu m), and thrust force. Results indicated that higher cutting speeds generally reduced delamination by enhancing bit stability, whereas increased feed rates raised surface roughness due to higher cutting forces and vibrations. Specifically, at 20 m/min cutting speed and 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, the carbide drill bit achieved the lowest delamination factor (5.115) compared to HSS (5.23). Among the tested tools, carbide bits demonstrated the most effective performance regarding initial hole quality and delamination control. While advantageous for structural integrity, further quantitative research on wear progression is required to comprehensively evaluate long-term tool life
A parametric study on laser-assisted preheating and post-weld heat treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of AISI 1075 high-carbon steel for electric vehicle manufacturing applications
No full textElectric vehicles (EVs) are a major step toward sustainable mobility, primarily by reducing emissions and improving energy efficiency. In this context, material selection is crucial for ensuring durability, recyclability, and minimizing environmental impact. Although composite materials are effective in reducing weight, their limited recyclability remains a significant challenge. In contrast, high-carbon steels such as AISI 1075, offering high strength, wear resistance, recyclability, and cost-effectiveness, can be a promising alternative to ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) and composite materials. However, the welding of high-carbon steels like AISI 1075 is susceptible to brittleness and welding defects. Laser welding and laser heat treatment have been recognized as effective methods to overcome these limitations. This study investigates the feasibility of laser welding for AISI 1075, with a particular focus on the effects of laser-based pre-weld heating (PH) and controlled post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the macro-structure and mechanical properties. These methods improve the internal structure while offering significant energy and time savings compared to conventional techniques. A thermal camera and a Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) diagram were utilized to optimize laser parameters and monitor cooling. Additionally, mechanical tests, including tensile and hardness testing, were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of the welded specimens. The findings highlight the critical role of pre-weld heating and post-weld heat treatment in improving the weldability of high-carbon steels. This study provides a structured framework for implementing laser welding and heat treatment as sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing solutions for EV applications
Breast masses in childhood: A single-center experience
No full textObjective Pediatric breast masses are rare conditions. Although most of them are benign, they can cause concern in families. The present study aims to determine breast masses' clinical and pathological outcomes in childhood.Material and method The records of patients who underwent further evaluations for breast masses between 2010 and 2023 at a single center were retrospectively reviewed.Results A total of 32 patients with breast tumors were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 16 years (1-18 years); 90.6% (n = 29) were female, and 9.4% (n = 3) were male. Most patients, 90.6% (n = 29), had a painless, palpable mass. A family history of breast cancer was present in four patients. One patient had received chemotherapy for neuroblastoma and one for teratoma. The most common location was the upper outer quadrant in 35.5% of patients (n = 11). Bilateral mass involvement was present in five patients (15.6%). The mean tumor size was 32.64 +/- 17.4 mm (range 9-80 mm). The mean tumor diameter was 24.6 +/- 14.2 mm in patients who were followed without surgery and 39.2 +/- 17.4 mm in those who underwent surgery (P = 0.017). A biopsy was performed in 53.1% (n = 17) of the patients, and surgery in 56.2% (n = 18). The most frequent pathology was fibroepithelial lesion and fibroadenomas 57.1% (n = 20). Malignant tumors (leiomyosarcoma and T cell lymphoma) were observed in 6.3% of the patients (n = 2) and borderline phyllodes tumors in 18.7% (n = 6). Recurrence was observed in 18.7% of the patients (n = 6) during the follow-up.Conclusion In childhood, the most commonly encountered breast tumors are benign. However, careful monitoring is crucial due to the potential occurrence of malignant tumors. Further evaluations should be undertaken in patients with a history of malignancy or radiotherapy, masses larger than 5 cm, or masses with progressive growth
Clinical characteristics and outcome of fetuses with ventriculomegaly: A retrospective multicenter study
No full textPurposeTo evaluate the incidence of associated structural anomalies, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, infections and outcomes of fetuses with ventriculomegaly (VM). MethodsRetrospective multicenter cohort study of 627 pregnancies with fetal VM. VM was classified as mild, moderate, or severe and isolated or non-isolated. Genetic, obstetric and outcome data were collected and compared according to VM categories. ResultsThe incidences of associated structural anomalies were 21.9%, 53.1% and 63.9% in mild, moderate and severe VM, respectively (p = 0.032 mild vs. moderate-severe). The incidences of genetic abnormality and fetal infection of the total VM group were 16.1% and 0.8%, respectively, with no significant differences between the VM categories (p > 0.05). The incidences of pathogenic genetic variant in the mild, moderate and severe VM were 13.5% (5/37), 16.7% (3/18) and 38.1% (8/21), respectively (p = 0.032 mild vs. severe). Fetal MRI identified additional CNS anomalies in 5.6% of cases. The incidences of surviving babies with neurological morbidities were significantly higher in fetuses with non-isolated VM groups than in isolated VM groups (p < 0.001). ConclusionThe prognosis of fetuses with VM mostly depends on the severity and the associated anomalies. In all types of fetal VMs additional genetic investigations are valuable
Clashing aIs: Artificial intelligence literacy and academic integrity in an EFL context
No full textUsing a quantitative correlational approach, this study examined the connection between artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and attitudes towards plagiarism among English Language Teaching (ELT) students in a Turkish higher education context, where English as a foreign language (EFL) is taught. The participants (N = 82) scored high levels of AI literacy, especially in terms of usage, but knowledge of the ethical components, such as data privacy, responsible use, and authorship, was minimal. Their plagiarism attitudes were moderate and nuanced, marked by ethical awareness on one hand and tolerance for self-plagiarism acts on the other. The findings showed no significant relationship between AI literacy and plagiarism attitudes, suggesting that merely using AI does not lead to heightened ethical awareness. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed across gender, academic year, or frequency of AI use, indicating that these factors may be less influential than shared institutional experiences. Lastly, despite its small sample, the study contributes valuable insights into the foundational challenges of ethics integration in AI literacy, particularly for ELT students as future educators. The findings highlight the need for teacher education programs to embed the dimensions of ethical and critical use of AI tools into curricula to prepare students for responsible digital citizenship
Evaluation of the science curriculum based on health literacy competencies using the Delphi technique
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, Fen Bilimleri dersi kapsamında sağlık okuryazarlığına ilişkin yeterlikleri belirlemek ve söz konusu yeterliklerin kazandırılmasında 2024 Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın (3–8. sınıflar) rolünü ortaya koymaktır. İki aşamalı olarak tasarlanan çalışma, açıklayıcı karma araştırma yöntemlerinden çok aşamalı karma desen kullanılarak yürütülmüş; süreçte iki farklı veri toplama tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın birinci aşamasında Delphi tekniği kullanılarak sağlık okuryazarlığı yeterlikleri üzerinde uzman görüş birliği sağlanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle belirlenen bu yeterliklerin, Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı ile ilişkilendirilmesi sistematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında sağlık okuryazarlık yeterlikleri, üç tur şeklinde yürütülen Delphi tekniğiyle belirlenmiştir. Her turda fen ve sağlık eğitiminden uzmanların görüşleri alınmış ve bu görüşler belirlenen ölçütlere göre analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda sağlık okuryazarlığına ilişkin yeterlik maddeleri belirli kategoriler altında toplanmış ve temalar altında sistematik şekilde listelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında ise bu yeterliklerin fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programındaki yeri içerik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, alan uzmanlarının toplumdaki sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyini genel olarak yetersiz gördüklerini ve sağlık okuryazarlığının tüm öğrenciler için gerekli olduğunu vurguladıklarını göstermektedir. Delphi turları sonucunda, sağlık okuryazarlığı yeterliklerinin bilgi, beceri ve duyuş olmak üzere 3 boyuttan oluştuğu bilgi boyutunun; “bireysel sağlık”, “toplumsal sağlık ”, “dijital sağlık” kategorilerinden ve bunların yeterlik maddelerinden oluştuğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bireysel sağlık kategorisinde sağlığın korunması, ağız ve diş sağlığı, beslenme, bulaşıcı hastalıklardan korunma, cinsel sağlık, ergenlik dönemi, fiziksel aktivite/ spor ve fitness, hijyen, ilişki eğitimi, ilkyardım, kişisel güvenlik ve önleme yolları, sağlığa zararlı alışkanlıklar, sosyal medya/internet güvenliği ve zararları, sağlık psikolojisi, şiddet/zorbalık, uyku sağlığı, vücut sistemlerinin sağlığı, zihinsel/ruhsal sağlık ve iyilik hali olmak üzere on sekiz temanın üretildiği belirlenmiştir. Toplumsal sağlık kategorisinde aile sağlığı, okul sağlığı, çevre sağlığı, halk sağlığı olmak üzere dört temanın üretildiği belirlenmiştir. Dijital Sağlık kategorisinde sağlık hizmetleri, hasta hakları bilgisi ve teknolojinin sağlıkta uygulamaları olmak üzere üç temanın üretildiği belirlenmiştir. Bilgi boyutunda toplam yirmi beş tema üretilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ortaokul düzeyine yönelik yapılacak program geliştirme çalışmalarında belirlenen sağlık okuryazarlığı yeterliklerinin dikkate alınması gerektiği önerilmiştir.The purpose of this research is to determine the competencies related to health literacy within the scope of the Science curriculum and to reveal the role of the 2024 Science Curriculum (grades 3–8) in imparting these competencies. Designed in two phases, the research was conducted using a multi-stage mixed-methods design from among explanatory mixed research methods; two different data collection techniques were utilised in the process. In the first phase of the research, expert consensus on health literacy competencies was achieved using the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the competencies identified through document review were systematically analysed in relation to the Science Curriculum. In the first phase of the research, health literacy competencies were determined using the Delphi technique, conducted in three rounds. In each round, the opinions of experts in science and health education were obtained and analysed according to the criteria set. As a result of the analysis, the competency statements related to health literacy were grouped under specific categories and systematically listed under themes. In the second phase of the research, the place of these competencies in the Science Curriculum was examined through content analysis. The research findings show that field experts generally consider the level of health literacy in society to be inadequate and emphasise that health literacy is necessary for all students. As a result of the Delphi meetings, it was concluded that health literacy competencies consist of three dimensions: knowledge, skills and attitudes. The knowledge dimension consists of the categories of ‘individual health’, ‘public health’ and ‘digital health’ and their sub-statements. In the individual health category, it was determined that eighteen themes were produced: health protection, oral and dental health, nutrition, protection from infectious diseases, sexual health, adolescence, physical activity/sport and fitness, hygiene, relationship education, first aid, personal safety and prevention methods, harmful habits, social media/internet safety and harms, health psychology, violence/bullying, health of sleep, health of body systems, mental/psychological health and well-being. In the social health category, it was determined that four themes were produced: family health, school health, environmental health, and public health. In the digital health category, it was determined that three themes were produced: health services, patient rights information, and the applications of technology in health. A complete total of twenty-five themes have been produced on the subject of the knowledge dimension. As a result of the research, it was recommended that the health literacy competencies identified should be taken into account in curriculum development studies for secondary school level
The transformation of German conservatism: The ideological foundations of the conservative revolution and its influence on New Right movements
No full textBu çalışma, Weimar Cumhuriyeti döneminde ortaya çıkan Muhafazakâr Devrim (Konservative Revolution) hareketinin ideolojik temellerini incelemekte ve bu düşünsel mirasın Avrupa Yeni Sağı üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Araştırma, geleneksel muhafazakârlıktan kopuşu simgeleyen bu hareketin; liberalizm karşıtlığı, teknoloji ile barışık muhafazakârlık ve organik toplum arayışı gibi temel sütunlarını ele almaktadır. Hareketin ideolojik temelleri, geleneksel muhafazakârlıkla farkları ve Nasyonal Sosyalizm ile olan ilişkileri de kapsamlı şekilde tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, muhafazakâr devrimin Yeni Sağ ideoloji üzerindeki etkileri; kimlik, otoriterlik ve hegemonya kavramları çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Weimar Dönemi Muhafazakâr Devrim hareketi ile Avrupa Yeni Sağı arasındaki ideolojik, stratejik ve yöntemsel süreklilikler; politika, kültür ve teknoloji kategorileri üzerinden tarihsel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Tez kapsamında; Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Carl Schmitt, Oswald Spengler ve Ernst Jünger gibi figürlerin geliştirdiği “üçüncü yol”, “dost-düşman ayrımı” ve “kültürel pesimizm” gibi kavramların, Avrupa Yeni Sağı’nın metapolitika ve etno-plüralizm stratejilerine nasıl zemin hazırladığı tarihsel bir süreklilik içerisinde tartışılmaktadır. Araştırmanın temel bulgusu; Weimar Dönemi Muhafazakâr Devrim düşüncesinin liberal demokrasiye ve modernite paradigmasına karşı ikame ettiği yeni muhafazakârlık arayışının; siyasal alanda kararcılık (decisionism), toplumsallık tartışmalarında kültür-medeniyet ayrımı ve teknolojik gelişmenin reaksiyoner bir bağlamda sahiplenilmesi gibi radikal unsurlarının, günümüz Avrupa Yeni Sağı tarafından metapolitik bir dönüşümle stratejik bir araç olarak yeniden işlevselleştirildiğidir. Geçmişin otoriter devletçilik ve kültürel pesimizm temelli tartışmaları; modern dönemde metapolitika, etno-plüralizm ve kimlikçi demokrasi söylemleri üzerinden hegemonya kurma çabasına evrilmiş, böylece tarihsel bir ideolojik süreklilik inşa edilmiştir.This study examines the ideological foundations of the Conservative Revolution (Konservative Revolution) movement that emerged during the Weimar Republic and analyzes the impact of this intellectual heritage on the European New Right. The research addresses the fundamental pillars of this movement, which symbolizes a break from traditional conservatism: anti-liberalism, technology-friendly conservatism, and the pursuit of an organic society. The movement's ideological roots, its distinctions from traditional conservatism, and its relationship with National Socialism are discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the influences of the Conservative Revolution on New Right ideology are analyzed within the framework of identity, authoritarianism, and hegemony. In this study, the ideological, strategic, and methodological continuities between the Weimar-era Conservative Revolution and the European New Right are examined through a historical comparative analysis method across the categories of politics, culture, and technology. Within the scope of the thesis, it is discussed how concepts developed by figures such as Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Carl Schmitt, Oswald Spengler, and Ernst Jünger—namely the “third way,” the “friend-enemy distinction,” and “cultural pessimism”—paved the way for the European New Right's strategies of metapolitics and ethno-pluralism within a historical continuity. The primary finding of the research is that radical elements—such as the quest for a new conservatism substituted against liberal democracy and the modernity paradigm, decisionism in the political sphere, the culture-civilization distinction in social debates, and the appropriation of technological development within a reactionary context have been refunctionalized by the contemporary European New Right as strategic tools through a metapolitical transformation. Past debates rooted in authoritarian statism and cultural pessimism have evolved into efforts to establish hegemony through metapolitics, ethno-pluralism, and identitarian democratic discourses in the modern era, thereby constructing a historical ideological continuit
Genetic parameters for rumination time, daily average milk temperature, and milking traits derived from automatic milking systems in holstein cattle
No full textAutomatic Milking Systems (AMSs) enable the continuous recording of production, milkability, behavioral, and physiological traits, offering new opportunities for genetic evaluation in dairy cattle. This study aimed to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for milk yield-related traits, milking efficiency traits, rumination time (RT), and daily average milk temperature (MTEMP) using AMS-derived data from 1252 Holstein cows. 65,475 weekly records from a single commercial herd were analyzed using repeatability animal models fitted by restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for milking time (MT) (0.31), milking speed (MS) (0.38), RT (0.30), and MTEMP (0.28), whereas behavioral traits such as number of milking (NoM) (0.26) and number of refused (NoREF) (0.11) showed lower but meaningful heritabilities. Repeatability was highest for MT and MS (0.77 and 0.79), indicating consistent milking performance across repeated records. MTEMP demonstrated clear seasonal variation, increasing in warmer periods and decreasing during colder months, indicating sensitivity to environmental conditions. Genetic correlations among traits revealed both favorable and unfavorable associations; however, several estimates were associated with relatively large standard errors and should therefore be interpreted with caution. The inclusion of MTEMP as a proxy physiological trait derived from AMS data showed measurable genetic variation, although its biological interpretation requires careful consideration. Overall, the results suggest that AMS-derived phenotypes may contribute useful information for genetic studies of functional traits, but the single-herd structure, limited pedigree depth, and data aggregation procedures restrict the generalizability of the findings. Further multi-herd and genomics-based studies are required to validate these results and assess their applicability in breeding programs