1,459 research outputs found
APPLICATION OF CAVITY-ENHANCED SPECTROSCOPY: ULTRA-STABLE FREQUENCY LASERS AND ULTRA-HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY
No full textM. de Labachelerie, K. Nakagawa, and M. Ohtsu, Opt. Lett. 19, 840 (1994) J. Ye, L.-S. Ma, and J. L. Hall, Opt. Lett. 21, 1000 (1996). J. Ye, L.-S. Ma, and J. L. Hall, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 6 (1998). L.-S. Ma, J. Ye, P. Dube, and J. L. Hall, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 2255 (1999).Author Institution: JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and TechnologyCavity-enhanced spectroscopy is a useful technique to achieve high sensitivity, which realizes observation of week absorption such as molecular vibrational overtone . Comparing to cavity-ringdown spectroscopy, cavity-enhanced spectroscopy using CW laser is more suitable for laser frequency stabilization or high resolution spectroscopy. High signal to noise ration obtained by cavity-enhanced spectroscopy helps to realize ultra-high stability of laser frequency with a tabletop-compact spectrometer. The expected stability of laser frequency was analyzed and spectrometer was built for Nd:YAG laser stabilized to a hyperfine resolved X-B band transition of iodine at 532 nm. The combination technique of frequency modulation spectroscopy and cavity enhanced spectroscopy called NICE-OHMS (noise immune cavity- enhanced optical heterodyne molecular makes it easy to achieve shot-noise limited detection with an extremely high finesse cavity. NICE-OHMS is being prepared to hyperfine resolved high resolution spectroscopy of band of HBr at 790 nm region
L-optimal transportation for Ricci flow
Get PDFWe introduce the notion of L-optimal transportation, and use it to construct a natural monotonic quantity for Ricci flow which includes a selection of other monotonicity results, including some key discoveries of Perelman [13] (both related to entropy and to L-length) and a recent result of McCann and the author [11]
Exploring Spatial Relationships in the Pearl River Delta
No full textUrban deltas belong to the most promising regions considering their population concentrations, ecosystems service and economy significance. Meanwhile these regions are facing multiple threats and are extreme vulnerable for increasing flood risk, damage of social and ecological values and substantial economic losses. These challenges are demanding a fundamental review of the planning and design of urban delta landscapes and their spatial networks, in particular in relation to environmental issues and sustainability. Systematic study of urbanized delta landscapes is essential as a basis for future-oriented action and thinking for the sustainable development of these rapidly changing landscapes. This chapter aims to introduce a multiscale approach to understand and represent urbanizing deltas as complex systems composed of subsystems, each with their own dynamics and speed of change. As a system the urbanized delta landscape is a material space that is structured as a constellation of networks and locations with multiple levels of organization at different spatial and temporal dimensions. Map-ping the peculiar form of these systems provides insight into the complexity of the built environment and the related spatial networks – and with that, understanding in important social and ecological relationships. The Pearl River Delta, one of the quickest and most densified large scale urbanizing deltas of the world, serves as a case study how mapping can be used as a powerful tool to reveal relationships be-tween landscape, networks and urbanization.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.OLD Urban CompositionsLandscape Architectur
An ottoman author from kars to Istanbul: Karslı-zade Cemâleddġn Mehmed Efendi
No full textAN OTTOMAN AUTHOR FROM KARS TO ISTANBUL: KARSLI-ZADE CEMÂLEDDIN MEHMED EFENDİCemaleddin Efendi, “Karsizade” diye bilinir. Süleymaniye müderrislerinden Karslı
Hoca Mehmed Efendi‟nin oğludur. ilmiye sınıfında yetişmiş, medreselerde müderrislik
yapmış olduğu. Süleymaniye Medresesi bunlardan biridir. Âlim bir kişiydi. Karsî-zade, Karsi-zâde ve Hocazade lakablarıyla anılmıştır.
1836‟da yaptıan Şehzade sünnet düğünleri dolayısıyla alanında ilk defa yazılan Türkçe
dinî ve tıbbî kitabına “Me‟dübetü‟l-Hitan” (istanbul, 1252) adÝnÝ vermiĢtir. Sultan II.
Mahmud‟a sunulan bu risale, aynı yılda Takvim-i Vekayi‟de basÝlmÝĢtÝr.
Daha sonra kadılık mesleğine geçmiş;1837‟de Selânik kadısı olmuştur. Ancak 1839
tarihinde azledilerek istanbul‟a dönmüştür. Ardından Takvîm-i Vekāyi„ musahhihliğine getirilmiştir. 5 yıl boyunca (1840-1845) bu vazifede kalmıştır. Cemâleddin Efendi‟nin Ģöhreti, Takvîm-i Vekāyi„ musahhihliği sonrasında Sultan Abdülmecid‟in emriyle kaleme aldığı “Âyîne-i Zurefâ” (1843) adlı eserinden gelir. Kitabın önemi ise “bu alanda yazılmış ilk eser” olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.
Bursa kadılığın a tayin edilir ancak görev yerine gitmeden İstanbul'da (ö.1845) ölmüştür.
Karslı Cemalettin Efendi‟nin tarihçiliği, eserinin Osmanlı Türkçesiyle birkaç defa
yayınlanması ve günümüz alfabesine aktarılması yüzünden (2003) yeterince ele alınmıştır.
Cemaleddin Efendi, Huzur Derslerine (1822-1837) de katılmıştır. „Huzur
Dersleri‟yle ilgili bir makale yayÝnlanmÝĢtÝr. Ancak Osmanlıca baskıları sahaflarda gezen, mesela „Me‟dübetü‟l-Hitan‟ın tarihî, folklorik ve sosyolojik yönleri olduğundan; muhtevasının tanıtılmasına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
Ayrıca “Fevaidü‟l-Veledeyn” isimli, “sarf-nahiv” konulu eser, “Karsîzade Muhammed
Cemal‟e atfedilmektedir. Türkçe yazıldığı için önemli olan bu eser aslında Çörekçi-zade
Ahmed Nüzhet Efendi‟ye aittir. Eserin başındaki takriz yazısından dolayı Karsîzade‟ye ait olduğu sanılmıştır. Bu yanlış bilgi, başkaları tarafından tekrarlanmayı sürdürmektedir.
Doğrusunun belgeleriyle birlikte ortaya konulması gerekmektedir.
Eserleri hayattayken basılan Cemaleddin Efendi‟nin el yazması bir tercümesi
bulunmaktadır. Takvimi‟l-Vekaî'de musahhih olduğu yıllarda (1840-1845) kısmen kısaltarak tercüme ettiğini belirtmektedir. Fethü'l-Müte'al fî Medhi'n-Niâl adlÝ eser, el-Tilmisanî‟ye (ö.1632) aittir. Terceme-i Fethü'l-Müte'al fî Medhi'n-Niâl adlı yazma, Amasya Beyazıt İl Halk Kütüphanesi'nde bulunmaktadır. Yazma nüshasını da edindiğimiz bu eserin içeriğinin akademi dünyasına tanıtılmasında fayda görülmektedir.yo
Chiral Lewis Base-Catalyzed, Enantioselective Reduction of Unprotected beta-Enamino Esters with Trichlorosilane
No full textCatalytic asymmetric reduction of N-unsubstituted beta-enamino esters represents a major challenge for asymmetric catalysis. In this paper, the first organocatalytic system that could be used for the asymmetric hydrosilylation of N-unsubstituted beta-enamino esters has been developed. Using N-tert-butylsulfinyl-L-proline-derived amides and L-pipecolinic acid-derived formamides as catalyst, a broad range of beta-aryl- and beta-alkyl-substituted free beta-amino esters could be prepared with high yields and enantioselectivities. The practicality was illustrated by the gram-scale asymmetric synthesis of ethyl (R)-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoate and isopropyl (S)-3-amino-4-(2,3,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoate. The resulting product can be smoothly transformed to the FDA approved medicines dapoxetine and sitagliptin in a short synthetic route
Dynamics and characteristics of dry and moist heatwaves over East Asia
No full text© 2022, The Author(s).The increasing frequency of heatwaves over East Asia (EA) is impacting agriculture, water management, and people’s livelihood. However, the effect of humidity on high-temperature events has not yet been fully explored. Using observations and future climate change projections conducted with the latest generation of Earth System models, we examine the mechanisms of dry and moist heatwaves over EA. In the dry heatwave region, anticyclonic circulation has been amplified after the onset of heatwaves under the influence of the convergence of anomalous wave activity flux over northern EA, resulting in surface warming via adiabatic processes. In contrast, the moist heatwaves are triggered by the locally generated anticyclonic anomalies, with the surface warming amplified by cloud and water vapor feedback. Model simulations from phase six of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project projected display intensification of dry heatwaves and increased moist heatwave days in response to projected increases in greenhouse gas concentrations.11Nsciescopu
Numerical methods of characterizing symmetry protected topological states in one dimension
Get PDFIn this dissertation, we use numerical methods to study one dimensional symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. We focus on the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods and explore the machine learning methods. We investigated different SPT phases in the context of interactions and disorders. The application of machine learning methods reveals new insights into the topological phases. We begin by studying the Z3 parafermionic chain, the simplest generalization of the Kitaev p-wave wire. The quantum entanglement diagnostics we performed allow us to determine phase boundaries, and the nature of the phase transitions. An intervening incommensurate phase is found between the topological and trivial phases. We locate and characterize a putative tricritical point in the phase diagram where the three above mentioned phases meet at a single point. The phase diagram is predicted to contain a Lifshitz type transition which we con rm using entanglement measures. As another generalization of the Kitaev p-wave wire, we study the interacting inversion symmetric superconductor. We introduce interaction and inversion symmetry and preserve its original time-reversal, particle-hole and chiral symmetry. The symmetries indicates a Z2 classification. We study the quantum entanglement, teleportation and fractional Josephson effects of this system. The ground state of the topological phase is a condensation of four electrons instead of cooper-pairs. While there is a nonzero teleportation for cooper-pairs, the teleportation of one electron is suppressed. The inversion symmetry restricts the edge modes of the system to be cooper-pairs other than two uncorrelated electrons. It is also proved by the 2 pi periodicity in the fractional Josephson effects. At last we apply machine learning methods for classification of SPT phases when strong disorder is present. The entanglement spectrum is used as features to train the random forest model. We do the training using the data generated from a small fraction in the parameter space. The model can give high accuracy predictions to other regions in the phase space. It is even able to make correct predictions to system in a different symmetry class. A detailed analysis of the model indicates that it is able to capture the degeneracy in the entanglement spectrum.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Ye Zhuang, accepted the attached license on 2018-10-31 at 11:01.The student, Ye Zhuang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-10-31 at 11:06.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-11-05 at 11:34.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13053 on 2019-02-07 at 14:16:58Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T20:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Symmetry breaking during homodimeric assembly activates an E3 ubiquitin ligase
Get PDFCitation: Ye, Z., Needham, P. G., Estabrooks, S. K., Whitaker, S. K., Garcia, B. L., Misra, S., . . . Camacho, C. J. (2017). Symmetry breaking during homodimeric assembly activates an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01880-4C-terminus of Hsc/p70-Interacting Protein (CHIP) is a homodimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase.Each CHIP monomer consists of a tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR), helix-turn-helix (HH), and U-box domain.In contrast to nearly all homodimeric proteins, CHIP is asymmetric.To uncover the origins of asymmetry, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of dimer assembly.We determined that a CHIP monomer is most stable when the HH domain has an extended helix that supports intra-monomer TPR-U-box interaction, blocking the E2-binding surface of the U-box.We also discovered that monomers first dimerize symmetrically through their HH domains, which then triggers U-box dimerization.This brings the extended helices into close proximity, including a repulsive stretch of positively charged residues.Unable to smoothly unwind, this conflict bends the helices until the helix of one protomer breaks to relieve the repulsion.The abrupt snapping of the helix forces the C-terminal residues of the other protomer to disrupt that protomer's TPR-U-box tight binding interface, swiftly exposing and activating one of the E2 binding sites.Mutagenesis and biochemical experiments confirm that C-terminal residues are necessary both to maintain CHIP stability and function.This novel mechanism indicates how a ubiquitin ligase maintains an inactive monomeric form that rapidly activates only after asymmetric assembly. © 2017 The Author(s)
The Problem of the Attribution of Tafsir al-Jailani to Abdulqadir Jailani
No full textBu makalenin gâyesi Abdülkadir Geylânî'ye nispet edilerek Tefsîru'l-Ceylânî adı altında 2009 senesinde İstanbul ve Beyrut'ta iki farklı yayınevi ve iki farklı muhakkik tarafından neşri yapılan eserin Abdülkadir Geylânî'ye (ö. 561/1166) âit olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Adı geçen tefsirin üslup ve muhtevâsı, Geylânî'ye âidiyeti konusunda şüpheler uyandırmıştır. Bunun üzerine yapılan incelemede, eserin ilk sayfalarında müellifin bu tefsire el-Fevâtihu'l-ilâhiyye ve'l-mefâtihu'l-gaybiyye ismini verdiği görülmüştür. Bu isimdeki tefsirin de Baba Ni'metullah Nahçıvânî'ye (ö. 920/1514) âit olduğu, Kâtib Çelebi'den (ö. 1067/1657) itibaren konunun uzmanları tarafından bilinmektedir. Geylânî'ye nisbet edilen bu tefsirde İbnü'l-Arabî'nin Fusûsu'l-hikem isimli eserinden bazı nakiller yapılmış olması da eserin Geylânî'ye âidiyetini imkânsız hâle getirmektedir. Çünkü İbnü'l-Arabî, Geylânî'den sonra yaşamıştır. Her şeyden önemlisi, asıl adı el-Fevâtihu'l-ilâhiyye olan bu Arapça tefsirin, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi'ndeki müellifin kendi el yazısıyla olan 901 (1496) tarihli orijinal nüshasının sonunda müellif kendi adını Ni'metullah b. Mahmud en-Nahcıvânî olarak açıkça zikretmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonunda Tefsîru'l-Ceylânî adıyla basılan bu eserin Abdülkadir Geylânî'ye değil, Baba Ni'metullah Nahçıvânî'ye âit olduğu anlaşılmıştırThe object of this article is to find out whether or not the book known as Tafsir al-Jailani which is attributed to Abdulqadir Jailani (d. 561/1166) and published in 2009 by two different publishing houses in Istanbul and Beirut really belongs to him. The literary style and the contents of the aforementioned book exegesis raise some question marks about its attribution to Jailani. Upon its examination, it is seen that the author named his book as al-Fawatih al-Ilahiyya wa al-Mafatih al-Ghaybiyya. It is also known by the expert of the field since Haji Khalifa (d. 1067/1657) that an exegesis under this title belongs to Baba Ni'matullah Nahchiwani (d. 920/1514). Moreover, the existence of quotations from Ibn al-Arabi's Fusus al-Hikam in this exegesis makes it impossible to attribute it to Jailani, because Ibn al-Arabi lived after Jailani. Most importantly, at the end of the original author copy of this Arabic exegesis with the title alFawatih al-Ilahiyya dated 901 (1496), the author clearly mentioned his name as Ni'matullah b. Mahmud Nahchiwani. As a result of the researches, it is concluded that this book published by the title Tafsir al-Jailani does not belong to Abdulqadir Jailani, but to Baba Ni'matullah Nahchiwan
Ji yu ye di de qi-ye jie mian sheng wu mo fan ying qi
No full textBacterial biofilms consist of communities of cells encased in self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) at the interface of different phases. While most of our understanding of biofilms to date has been obtained from submerged biofilms formed at the solid-liquid (S-L) interface, the interface between air and liquid provides a niche for the formation of biofilms with unobstructed access to both liquid and gaseous phases, which is of ecological, clinical and commercial significance. But there is a paucity of information on air-liquid (A-L) interface biofilms. Cultivation and characterization of A-L interface biofilms are still limited to traditional methods created for S-L interface biofilms, mostly based on microtiter plates and tubes. In this thesis, two bioreactors have been designed, fabricated and validated to culture A-L interface and air-liquid-solid (A-L-S) interface biofilms.The first bioreactor, named hanging drop biofilm reactor (HDBR), has been constructed on an open microfluidic platform to hold hanging droplets culturing biofilms in a suspended fashion. Hanging droplets containing microorganisms were accessed from the topside of the microfluidic platform, whilst measurement and harvesting were performed on the underside. The system was driven by evaporating flows. No additional electronic or mechanical actuation was needed. Biofilms were formed in hanging droplet biofilm reactors with bacterial suspensions. After 24 h of incubation under optimized conditions, biofilm-positive phenotype Bacillus subtilis developed A-L biofilms eliciting distinct developmental stages. Formation and dispersal of A-L interface biofilms were for the first time analytically characterized. Biofilms harvested by dripping droplets showed a spherical cap shape with porous structures. This is the first reported attempt to culture A-L interface biofilms inside a hanging droplet on an open microfluidic platform under evaporation flow.The second bioreactor, named segmented-flow microfluidic air-liquid-solid interface biofilm reactor (SFMBR), has been implemented to grow A-L-S interface biofilms on chip. A distinct A-L-S interface was made available by introducing a gas phase into successive nutrient flows with a T-junction design, forming a segmented gas-liquid flow. Velocity fields were computed by numerical simulation, involving not only the hydrodynamic fields in the gaseous and aqueous phases, but also of the air-liquidand solid-liquid interfaces. Formation of A-L-S interface biofilms along microfluidic channels was observed and characterized by microscopy techniques non-destructively. The effect of hydrodynamics, interface topology and channel hydrophobicity on A-L-S interface biofilm formation was simulated and tested. Biofilms interacted with the shear forces introduced by the passage of A-L interfaces of an air slug with a shear stress of about 0.66 Pa and relaxed after the A-L interface passed. This device is a low-cost on-chip biofilm reactor to culture A-L-S interface biofilms and to measure in situ biological and mechanical properties of growing biofilm.We have successfully constructed and validated two novel microfluidic strategies utilizing the interfacial phenomenon at the air-liquid interface and evaporating flow to culture and investigate the complex biology of A-L and A-L-S interfaces biofilms.细菌生物膜(生物膜)由生长在固、气、液相的界面上的细菌包裹于由其产生的细胞外间质聚合物内组成。固-液界面生物膜可以利用微流系统低耗材高效培养检测。但没有微流系统可研究生长在气-液界面的生物膜。为了填补这个空白，本论文设计了两种微流生物膜反应器(反应器)培养气-液和气-液-固界面生物膜。一种反应器是培养气-液界面生物膜的基于蒸发产生的微流动和微循环的倒悬液滴反应器。我们创新的利用蒸发产生的微流和微循环增加微流系统中材料混合和供氧。我设计了两种倒悬液滴反应器:倒悬液滴气-液界面反应器微孔板和微流气-液界面反应器在静态和流动培养液条件下培养气-液界面生物膜。我们监控并分析了气-液界面生物膜形成过程。第一次报道了气-液界面生物膜生长阶段的划分。了解反应器的特性，如微流动和反应器形态等对应用反应器有至关重要的作用。我们使用粒子图像测这和数值模拟的方法研究了反应器特性。设计了滴落打印的方法收获并离线测量生物膜。这是第一种可以方便、可重复收获生物膜的方法。我们研究了收获后生物膜的抗药性和微结构，发观倒悬液滴反应器培养的生物膜对干燥和灭菌过程有很高的抗性。我们还首次发现了细菌由纳米管连接的气液界面细菌生物膜。另一种反应器是基于微流分段气-液流的分段流微流反应器。这是首个培养气-液-固界面生物膜的微流反应器。我们创新性的应用了分段气-液流为生物膜滴定供养。我们的微流反应器模拟工业标准方法培养气-液-固界面生物膜的反应器。为了研究生物膜在反应器中的生长和流动对生物膜的影响，我们监测了生物膜的生长，用数值模拟的方法研究了分段流的流动。发现了单层菌落储水的现象。我们还首次报道了微流系统中，用粒子图像測速和数值模拟的方法研究生物膜的弹性松弛过程。这里设计的基于液滴的高通量，高效率，低成本，操作简单的生物膜反应器可以加快生物膜的研究。Liu, Songlin.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-130).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 19, September, 2016).Liu, Songlin.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only
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