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La solidarité comme arme. Le Secours rouge international, une organisation de défense face à la répression du mouvement communiste (1918-1934)
No full textPosition de thèseCe texte reprend celui de la soutenance de thèse La solidarité comme arme. Le Secours rouge international, une organisation de défense face à la répression du mouvement communiste (1918-1934), qui s'est tenue le 9 décembre 2022 à l'université de Bourgogne. Le jury était composé de Serge Wolikow, professeur émérite de l'université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (président du jury), Jean Vigreux, professeur des universités à l'université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (directeur de thèse), Stéfanie Prezioso, professeure des universités à l'université de Lausanne (rapporteure), Antony Todorov, professeur des universités à la Nouvelle université bulgare de Sofia (rapporteur), Vanessa Codaccioni, maîtresse de conférences (HDR) à l'université Paris 8 et Marco Di Maggio, ricercatore à l'université de Rome. Monsieur le Président, Mesdames et Messieurs les membres du jury, Je souhaite en premier lieu vous remercier de votre présence-ici-même ou à distance grâce à la visioconférence-et d'avoir accepté de procéder à la lecture et à l'examen critique de ma thèse. Je remercie tout particulièrement Stéfanie Prezioso et Antony Todorov, pour les remarques constructives et pertinentes que comportaient leurs pré-rapports. Mes remerciements s'adressent également à Jean Vigreux, avec qui j'ai pris grand plaisir à travailler durant toutes ces années, et qui dès 2012 accepta d'encadrer mes premières recherches, lorsque j'entamai à Besançon un mémoire de Master alors consacré à la mémoire de la Commune de Paris au sein du Parti communiste français. À l'époque, cette première plongée dans les années d'entre-deuxguerres me confronta à un objet d'étude en plein renouveau historiographique, celui du communisme français
Solidarité internationale et soutien aux prisonniers politiques à travers le Secours Rouge International (1922-1939)
Get PDFFondato dal Comintern nel 1922, il Soccorso Rosso Internazionale (sri) fu una delle organizzazioni più attive della galassia comunista. La struttura era incaricata di portare, durante tutto il periodo interbellico, la solidarietà internazionale su più livelli (dal locale all’internazionale, dal centro alla periferia). Le sue sezioni nazionali offrivano aiuto materiale, morale oltre che assistenza legale ai prigionieri politici e ai militanti rivoluzionari vittime del “terrore bianco” e della “giustizia di classe” dei paesi capitalisti. Lo sri è stato all’origine delle più grandi campagne di solidarietà transnazionale che l’opinione pubblica abbia mai conosciuto, dalle azioni di protesta contro l’esecuzione di Sacco e Vanzetti alle mobilitazioni in difesa della Repubblica spagnola
Solidarity as a weapon : the International Red Aid, an organization of defense in face of repression of the communist movement (1918-1934)
No full textAux lendemains de la Première Guerre mondiale, une importante vague anticommuniste et répressive déferle sur le continent européen, après l’écrasement des tentatives d’exporter depuis la Russie le souffle révolutionnaire bolchevique. Dans ce contexte, l’Internationale communiste fonde, lors de son 4e congrès en 1922, le Secours rouge international (SRI), une organisation auxiliaire spécifiquement chargée de l’aide aux militants révolutionnaires victimes de la répression. Sa section française, qui voit le jour l’année suivante, organise le soutien matériel, moral et judiciaire aux inculpés et aux prisonniers, tout en portant sur le terrain politique le combat en faveur de l’amnistie. Le SRI est aussi l’un des principaux acteurs de la mise en application concrète d’un internationalisme prolétarien et révolutionnaire. Il est l’organisateur de grandes campagnes transnationales de solidarité qui, de la dénonciation dans les années 1920 de la terreur blanche dans les Balkans à la mobilisation populaire en faveur de l’Espagne républicaine en 1936, rythment l’entre-deux-guerres. Ardent défenseur du droit d’asile, il participe aussi à l’accueil des réfugiés politiques, des premiers antifascistes italiens aux victimes du nazisme en Allemagne. Son intervention dans les territoires périphériques sous administration coloniale, en appui aux milieux indépendantistes et révolutionnaires, ne fait que renforcer la défiance dont le SRI fait l’objet auprès des autorités. Marqué par les inflexions stratégiques du Komintern, le Secours rouge exerce aussi une fonction sociale de premier plan. Il participe à la socialisation militante et sert de vecteur de diffusion de l’influence communiste dans la société. Organisation majeure de la galaxie communiste, le Secours rouge deviendra en 1936, face aux enjeux du Front populaire, le Secours populaire de France (ancêtre du Secours populaire français actuel).In the aftermath of the First World War, a major anticommunist and repressive wave swept across the European continent, following the smashing of attempts to export the Bolshevik revolutionary breath from Russia. In this context, the Communist International founded, at its 4th Congress in 1922, the International Red Aid (IRA), a auxiliary organization specifically charged with helping revolutionary militants who were victims of repression. Its French section, which was created the following year, organized material, moral and legal support for the accused and prisoners, while at the same time carrying out the political struggle for amnesty. IRA is also one of the main actors of the practical application of a proletarian and revolutionary internationalism. It was the organizer of major transnational solidarity campaigns which, from the denunciation in the 1920s of the white terror in the Balkans to the popular mobilization in favor of Republican Spain in 1936, set the pace for the interwar period. Ardent defender of the right of asylum, he also participated in the reception of political refugees, from the first Italian anti-fascists to the victims of Nazism in Germany. Its intervention in the peripheral territories under colonial administration, in support of independence and revolutionary circles, only reinforced the mistrust of which the IRA was the object among the authorities. Affected by the strategic inflexions of the Comintern, the Red Aid also had a prominent social function. It participates in militant socialization and serves as a vector of diffusion of the communist influence in the society. Major organization of the communist galaxy, the Red Aid will become in 1936, facing the issues of the Popular Front, the Secours populaire de France (predecessor of the current Secours populaire français)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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