1,811 research outputs found
The preparation of syllables in speech production
No full textCholin J, Schiller NO, Levelt WJM. The preparation of syllables in speech production. Journal of Memory and Language. 2004;50:47-61
Activation of the Notch pathway in Down syndrome: cross-talk of Notch and APP.
No full textABSTRACT Down syndrome (DS) patients suffer
from mental retardation, but also display enhanced
-APP production and develop cortical amyloid
plaques at an early age. As -APP and Notch are both
processed by -secretase, we analyzed expression of the
Notch signaling pathway in the adult DS brain and in a
model system for DS, human trisomy 21 fibroblasts by
quantitative PCR. In adult DS cortex we found that
Notch1, Dll1 and Hes1 expression is up-regulated.
Moreover, DS fibroblasts and Alzheimer disease cortex
also show overexpression of Notch1 and Dll1, indicating
that enhanced -APP processing found in both DS
and AD could be instrumental in these changes. Using
pull-down studies we could demonstrate interaction of
APP with Notch1, suggesting that these transmembrane
proteins form heterodimers, but independent of
-secretase. We could demonstrate binding of the intracellular
domain of Notch1 to the APP adaptor
protein Fe65. Furthermore, activated Notch1 can transactivate
an APP target gene, Kai1, and vice versa,
activated APP can trans-activate the classical Notch
target gene Hes1. These data suggest that Notch expression
is activated in Down syndrome, possibly
through cross-talk with APP signaling. This interaction
might affect brain development, since the Notch pathway
plays a pivotal role in neuron-glia differentiation.—
Activation of the Notch pathway in Down syndrome:
cross-talk of Notch and APP. Fischer, D. F., van Dijk,
R., Sluijs, J. A., Nair, S. M., Racchi, M., Levelt, C. N.,
van Leeuwen, F. W., Hol, E. M. FASEB J. 19, 1451–1458
(2005
Monitoring metrical stress in polysyllabic words
No full textContains fulltext :
55638.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)This study investigated the monitoring of metrical stress information in internally generated speech. In Experiment 1, Dutch participants were asked to judge whether bisyllabic picture names had initial or final stress. Results showed significantly faster decision times for initially stressed targets (e.g., KAno "canoe") than for targets with final stress (e.g., kaNON "cannon"; capital letters indicate stressed syllables). It was demonstrated that monitoring latencies are not a function of the picture naming or object recognition latencies to the same pictures. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated the outcome of the first experiment with trisyllabic picture names. These results are similar to the findings of Wheeldon and Levelt (1995) in a segment monitoring task. The outcome might be interpreted to demonstrate that phonological encoding in speech production is a rightward incremental process. Alternatively, the data might reflect the sequential nature of a perceptual mechanism used to monitor lexical stress.29 p
Topological duality on the function space H(CN)
No full textBy a classical theorem, there is an isomorphism between the space of entire functions of exponential type on Cn,ExpCn, and the analytic functions on H(Cn),H′(Cn) [see, for example, F. Trèves, Topological vector spaces, distributions, and kernels, Academic Press, New York, 1967; MR0225131 (37 #726)]. In this note, the author extends this useful theorem to H(CN), the space of analytic functions on the countable product of complex lines. Specifically, he considers H(CN) endowed with the compact-open topology τ0 and the associated bornological topology τδ. For both τ=τ0 and τδ, the author characterizes the strong duals (H(CN),τ)′ as spaces of entire functions of exponential type on CN. {Reviewer's remark: In the meantime the author has shown (private communication) that these dual spaces are different.}Depto. de Análisis Matemático y Matemática AplicadaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEpu
Structural and transport properties of neutral radical crystals of Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2) (tmp=5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphyrinato) and the CN-bridged polymer [Co-III( tmp)(CN)](n)
No full textAn axially ligated Co(tmp) (tmp = 5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphyrinato) anion, [Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2)](-), has been prepared and subjected to electrochemical oxidation to obtain the open shell tmp pi-ligand. With acetone as the solvent, solvent-free neutral radical crystals of Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2) are obtained, whereas solvent-inclusive crystals of Co-III(tmp)(CN)(2)center dot 2CH(3)CN are obtained with CH3CN as the solvent. In both crystals, the open shell tmp ring deforms into a ruffled form, which makes the pi-pi interactions in the crystal weak. Thus, the electrical conductivity is low, and the crystals behave as semiconductors with a room temperature resistivity of 10(6) Omega cm and an activation energy of about 0.3 eV. When the solvent is acetone, non-oxidized crystals of the CN-bridged polymer {[Co-III(tmp)(CN)](acetone)}(n) are obtained as a byproduct. The closed shell tmp ring deforms into a ruffled form, and there pi-pi interactions in the crystal are negligible. The room temperature resistivity is rather high at about 10(8) Omega cm
Isovariant maps from free Cn-manifolds to representation spheres
No full textAbstractThe isovariant version of Borsuk–Ulam type theorems has been studied by Wasserman and the first author. In this paper, first we consider the relation between the existence of Cn-isovariant maps from free Cn-manifolds to representation spheres and Borsuk–Ulam type inequalities for their dimensions. Our main result classifies the Cn-isovariant maps by Cn-isovariant homotopy types when a Borsuk–Ulam type inequality holds. For proving it, we use the multidegree of a Cn-equivariant map developed by the first author
ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY AND PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF Ne-CN
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Emory UniversityIn previous work we have recorded and analyzed three bands of Ne-CN which were associated with the CN B-X 0-0 transition. These features were assigned to the electronic origin and two internal rotor levels [Y. Lin and M. C. Heaven, J. Chen. Phys. 94, 5765(1991)]. More recently we have re-examined the spectrum in the vicinity of the CN 0-0 transition, and recorded spectra for the bands associated with the CN 1-0 transition. Ten previously unobserved bands have been characterized. Features corresponding to multiple excitations of the internal rotor mode, and excitation of the CN-Ne stretch, are present. We are in the process of fitting a two-dimensional potential energy surface to this date. A search for Ne-CN bands associated with the CN 3-0 transition was made. A single feature, with a homogenously broadened national envelope, was observed next to the CN , 3-0, R(1) line. Complex features associated with the transition could not be found. A possible explanation for these results in that is subject to rapid predissociations caused by spin-orbit relaxation and internal conversion. The fact that fluorescence cannot be seen following excitation of the lower energy spin-orbit component suggests that internal conversion is much faster that A state radiative decay. Observation of fluorescence following excitation of the higher energy spin-orbit component would then imply that spin-orbit relaxation ) is much faster that internal conversion. These speculations are being explored in a series of opticalûoptical double resonance experiments
INSTABILITIES IN THE ELPASOLITE STRUCTURES: AND
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, The University of TexasThe structural phase transformations in and have been probed using Raman scattering and optical microscopy. The salt undergoes two phase transformations while the salt is observed optically to have one phase change . The phase change in the salt is 1st order involving rotation of the octahedra. The transition is 2nd order with the structural distortion proceeding along a soft translational mode. The phase transformation in involves a simultaneous distortion among the same two phonons. The structural instabilities for these two salts are the same as those observed for other salts indicating that materials with the elpasolite structure may share a common lattice instability. The transition temperatures for salts correlate with the size of the site, as is consistent with the earlier suggestion that the major driving force for the instabilities in these materials results from atoms occupying too large a site in the cubic lattice. As the site size decreases, the high temperature cubic cell is stabilized thereby lowering the critical temperatures for the phase transformations. The correlation of site size and the critical temperature is not maintained in comparison of the and salts. The unusual behavior of the material has been attributed to a cooperative interaction of the external phonon instabilities with the internal forces of the complexion
Spectral Characteristics of CN Radical (B -> X) and Its Application in Determination of Rotational and Vibrational Temperatures of Plasma
No full textThe aim is to resolve the difficulties of measurement of temperature at several thousands of Celsius degrees for some unstable non-equilibrium gas flows. Based on the molecular spectroscopy theory and inherent molecular structure characteristics of the CN radical, the dependence of the spectral profile on the rotational temperature (RT), vibrational temperature (VT) and optical apparatus function are numerically explored within some certain ranges. Meanwhile, by comparing the numerically calculated spectra with the experimental spectra of the CN radical, the corresponding RT and VT of the plasma induced by the interaction of the laser pulse from an oscillated Nd:YAG laser with the coal target are determined, respectively. In addition, a short discussion on the thermodynamic state and the energy transfer process of the CN radical is also given
Eastern Europe's experience with banking reform : is there a role for banks in the transition?
No full textAre there lessons to be learned about how Eastern European countries have dealt with problems in their banking systems? What role have these countries assigned to banks during the transition? How have they used banks in dealing with the enterprise problem? The author addresses these questions by analyzing experience in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Most of these countries have made substantial progress in restructuring their banking systems, but few have used their banking systems to improve the allocation of credit and hence stimulate the supply response. The author finds the following. The problem is not whether banks hold nonperforming loans but how banks can avoid accumulating more nonperforming loans. The underlying problem is how to close loss-making and nonviable enterprises. The countries that have encouraged the establishment of new private banks, that have introduced regulation and supervision, and that have tried to make banks more competitive have been more successful at improving the allocation of credit and achieving more control over loss-making enterprises. Banks must focus on assessing risk - and for this, capital, private ownership, and adequate regulation are crucial. How quickly banks achieve independence in credit decisions depends on how fast new governance structures can be introduced. In this, the five countries have been less successful. The objectives of bank recapitulation should be to prevent banks from accumulating more nonperforming loans (that is, dealing with the enterprise problem) and to give them the governance structure that would prevent them from incurring new nonperforming loans. This requires introducing a system of risk and reward - by making banks comply with capital adequacy requirements, by privatizing a critical number of banks, and by introducing strong regulation and supervision. Government should see that banks provide efficient payment systems, the basis for trust in banking systems. Introducing adequate regulation and supervision has been difficult as it requires knowing what the banks'role should be. Evidence strongly supports the need to recapitalize and privatize a critical number of banks. Authorities cannot rely on banks to exert control on enterprises early in the transition. In the early stages, control over state-owned enterprises should be exercised by a semipublic institution.Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Municipal Financial Management,Banking Law
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