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    Colonization of adventitious roots of Medicago truncatula by Pseudomonas fuorescens C7R12 as affected by arbuscular mycorrhiza

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    International audiencePseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 was previously shown to promote colonization of Medicago truncatula roots by Glomus mosseae BEG12. To gain more insight into the interaction between C7R12 and BEG12, the cell organization of C7R12 was characterized on adventitious roots mycorrhized or not with BEG12 and on extraradical hyphae. Bacterial cell observations were made using the immuno-fluorescence technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Five types of cell organization, so-called organization types (OT), were identified: small or large single cells, cells by pair and cells in microcolonies or in strings. The frequencies of each OT on the roots were expressed as the percentage of observations in which these OTs were represented. The OT frequencies on mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots differed significantly. Bacterial cells were more frequently single on mycorrhizal than on nonmycorrhizal roots, and in microcolonies and strings on nonmycorrhizal roots. Furthermore, the root area covered by bacterial cells, as assessed by image analysis, appeared to be significantly lower on mycorrhizal than on nonmycorrhizal roots. C7R12 cells were abundant on extraradical hyphae and organized both as single cells and microcolonies. Taken together, these results suggest that P. fluorescens C7R12 cells were less active and less abundant on mycorrhizal than on nonmycorrhizal roots

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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