354 research outputs found
Not only transposons: the peculiar evolution of olive genome structure.
No full textThe current view of plant genome evolution proposes that genome size is determined by
processes such as polyploidization and amplification and/or loss of transposable elements. Other
types of repeated sequences, including tandem repeats, usually have a minor role in shaping plant
genome structure and size, accounting for a small portion of the genomes sequenced so far.
In the cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea), available data
suggest the occurrence of a singular model of genome evolution, in which polyploidization and
amplification/loss of transposons were accompanied by a massive expansion of the tandem repeated
fraction. This fraction is composed by six major families of satellites, that make almost one third of
the genome. This peculiarity highlights the necessity of further studies about the evolution of the
Olea genus, to shed light on mechanisms of genome expansion and the possible function of the
different types of repeated sequences.
Massively parallel sequencing technologies, advanced bioinformatic analyses and in situ
hybridization, were applied to study in detail the genome structure of cultivated olive and other 4
related species or subspecies (O. europaea subsp. cuspidata, O. europaea subsp. guanchica, O.
exasperata, and O. paniculata). They originated at different times from the common ancestor from
which the cultivated form derived.
Our analysis led to a complete characterization of the repeated fraction of the genomes of the
selected Olea species, with emphasis on the tandem repeats. On average, repetitive DNA in Olea
species ranges from 42% in O. paniculata to 66% in O. europaea subsp. cuspidata, showing
remarkable differences in terms of composition. In fact, the 11 major families of tandem repeats
identified across the analyzed species presented different redundancy levels. Thus, some families
were barely represented in one species and highly redundant in another. A large number of longterminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (of different lineages) were also found in every Olea
species. Interestingly, overall tandem repeat redundancy was inversely correlated to that of
retrotransposons. This trend might implicate a competition in the proliferation of these two classes
of repeats. As a matter of fact, O. paniculata, the closer species to the Olea common ancestor,
presents very few tandemly-repeated sequences (as most plant species) while it is rich in LTRretrotransposons, suggesting that the amplification of tandem repeats occurred after its speciation
from the common ancestor of the other four species (which include the cultivated olive tree).
In conclusion, our research identified the temporal dynamics shaping the genome structure
during the evolution of the genus Olea. This genus represents a very peculiar model of genome
evolution in higher plants. Studies are in progress to estimate the intraspecifc variation of the repeat
component, in order to decipher the possible role that tandem repeats played during the evolution of
the olive genome
The race between retrotransposons and tandem repeats for shaping genome structure. The case of Olea.
No full textGenome size evolution is a process mainly determined by processes as polyploidization and
amplification/loss of transposons, with a minor role played by other repeated sequences such as
tandem repeats.
In the cultivated olive, available data suggest a singular model of genome evolution, in which
a massive expansion of tandem repeated sequences accompanied changes in nuclear architecture.
Focusing on Olea genus evolution, NGS technologies, bioinformatics and in situ hybridization were
applied to study the genome structure of 5 related Olea taxa originated at different times from the
last common ancestor.
On average, repetitive DNA in Olea taxa ranged from ~59% to ~73%, showing remarkable
differences in terms of composition and abundance. We identified 11 major families of tandem
repeats, 5 of which for the first time. Overall, tandem repeat abundance was inversely correlated to
that of retrotransposons, with the exception of O. paniculata which has very few tandem-repeated
sequences being, on the contrary, especially rich in long terminal repeat-retrotransposons,
suggesting that the amplification of tandem repeats occurred after its divergence from the Olea
common ancestor. Furthermore, cytological analyses underlined differences in genome size and
chromatin organization of O. paniculata, whose genome is about 50% larger of that of cultivated
olive compared to O. europaea subsp. europaea. Our results, supported by retrotransposon timing
data and by in situ hybridization, indicates that the genome expansion of O. paniculata may be
derived from massive amplification of major individual retrotransposon families in the last 20 MY.
Our research identified the temporal dynamics shaping Olea genome structure, which
represent a very peculiar model of evolution in higher plants characterized by a preminent role of
tandem repeats in fostering genome structure variation, also suggesting a possible role of
transposons in tandem repeats evolution and mobility
The Singular Evolution of Olea Genome Structure
No full textThe current view of plant genome evolution proposes that genome size has mainly been determined by polyploidisation and amplification/loss of transposons, with a minor role played by other repeated sequences, such as tandem repeats. In cultivated olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea), available data suggest a singular model of genome evolution, in which a massive expansion of tandem-repeated sequences accompanied changes in nuclear architecture. This peculiar scenario highlights the importance of focusing on Olea genus evolution, to shed light on mechanisms that led to its present genomic structure. Next-generation sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and in situ hybridisation were applied to study the genomic structure of five related Olea taxa, which originated at different times from their last common ancestor. On average, repetitive DNA in the Olea taxa ranged from ~59% to ~73% of the total genome, showing remarkable differences in terms of composition. Among repeats, we identified 11 major families of tandem repeats, with different abundances in the analysed taxa, five of which were novel discoveries. Interestingly, overall tandem repeat abundance was inversely correlated to that of retrotransposons. This trend might imply a competition in the proliferation of these repeat classes. Indeed, O. paniculata, the species closest to the Olea common ancestor, showed very few tandem-repeated sequences, while it was rich in long terminal repeat retrotransposons, suggesting that the amplification of tandem repeats occurred after its divergence from the Olea ancestor. Furthermore, some tandem repeats were physically localised in closely related O. europaea subspecies (i.e., cultivated olive and O. europaea subsp. cuspidata), which showed a significant difference in tandem repeats abundance. For 4 tandem repeats families, a similar number of hybridisation signals were observed in both subspecies, apparently indicating that, after their dissemination throughout the olive genome, these tandem repeats families differentially amplified maintaining the same positions in each genome. Overall, our research identified the temporal dynamics shaping genome structure during Olea speciation, which represented a singular model of genome evolution in higher plants
On the identification of sales forecasting models in the presence of promotions
No full textShorter product life cycles and aggressive marketing, among other factors, have increased the complexity of sales forecasting. Forecasts are often produced using a Forecasting Support System that integrates univariate statistical forecasting with managerial judgment. Forecasting sales under promotional activity is one of the main reasons to use expert judgment. Alternatively, one can replace expert adjustments by regression models whose exogenous inputs are promotion features (price, display, etc.). However, these regression models may have large dimensionality as well as multicollinearity issues. We propose a novel promotional model that overcomes these limitations. It combines Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and automatically identifies the demand dynamics. For items with limited history, the proposed model is capable of providing promotional forecasts by selectively pooling information across established products. The performance of the model is compared against forecasts provided by experts and statistical benchmarks, on weekly data; outperforming both substantially
Resistance in Kabuli Chickpeas to Fusarium Wilt
No full textFusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) is a major constraint to production of kabuli chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) in the Mediterranean basin. To identify sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt for use in a breeding program, 1,904 lines, including 713 lines tolerant to Ascochyta (Ascochyta rabiei) blight and cold bred at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and 991 germ plasm lines, were screened in a field plot heavily infested with F. o. ciceris at Santaella, Córdoba, Spain, in 1987 and 1989. Nine lines, FLIP 84-43C (ILC-5411), FLIP 85-20C, FLIP 85-29C, FLIP 85-30C, ILC-127, ILC-219, ILC-237, ILC-267, and ILC-513, were highly resistant with 0–9% dead plants. Inoculations of 17 selected lines, including FLIP 84-43 C, ILC-127, ILC-219, ILC-237, and ILC-513, with races 0 and 5 of F. o. ciceris and with isolates Fo 8726 and Fo 8733 of the pathogen not characterized to race from affected plants in the field plot, indicated that all lines were resistant to race 0, and only one (FLIP 85-130 C) was resistant to race 5 and isolate Fo 8726. The reaction of breeding lines in the field was correlated primarily to reactions induced by race 0 and isolate Fo 8733. Lines that showed resistance in the field were susceptible to race 5 and to isolate Fo 8726, except for ILC-219, ILC-256, ILC-487, and ILC-513, which were resistant to isolate Fo 8726 but not to race 5
Analysis of judgmental adjustments in the presence of promotions
No full textSales forecasting is increasingly complex due to many factors, such as product life cycles that have become shorter, more competitive markets and aggressive marketing. Often, forecasts are produced using a Forecasting Support System that integrates univariate statistical forecasts with judgment from experts in the organization. Managers add information to the forecast, like future promotions, potentially improving accuracy. Despite the importance of judgment and promotions, the literature devoted to study their relationship on forecasting performance is scarce. We analyze managerial adjustments accuracy under periods of promotions, based on weekly data from a manufacturing company. Intervention analysis is used to establish whether judgmental adjustments can be replaced by multivariate statistical models when responding to promotional information. We show that judgmental adjustments can enhance baseline forecasts during promotions, but not systematically. Transfer function models based on past promotions information achieved lower overall forecasting errors. Finally, a hybrid model illustrates the fact that human experts still added value to the transfer function models
Diversity of colletotrichum species associated with olive anthracnose worldwide
No full textOlive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species causes dramatic losses of fruit yield and oil quality worldwide. A total of 185 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from olives and other hosts showing anthracnose symptoms in Spain and other olive-growing countries over the world were characterized. Colony and conidial morphology, benomyl-sensitive, and casein-hydrolysis activity were recorded. Multilocus alignments of ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3, and/or GAPDH were conducted for their molecular identification. The pathogenicity of the most representative Colletotrichum species was tested to olive fruits and to other hosts, such as almonds, apples, oleander, sweet oranges, and strawberries. In general, the phenotypic characters recorded were not useful to identify all species, although they allowed the separation of some species or species complexes. ITS and TUB2 were enough to infer Colletotrichum species within C. acutatum and C. boninense complexes, whereas ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS-3, and GADPH regions were necessary to discriminate within the C. gloesporioides complex. Twelve Colletotrichum species belonging to C. acutatum, C. boninense, and C. gloeosporioides complexes were identified, with C. godetiae being dominant in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, C. nymphaeae in Portugal, and C. fioriniae in California. The highest diversity with eight Colletotrichum spp. was found in Australia. Significant differences in virulence to olives were observed between isolates depending on the Colletotrichum species and host origin. When other hosts were inoculated, most of the Colletotrichum isolates tested were pathogenic in all the hosts evaluated, except for C. siamense to apple and sweet orange fruits, and C. godetiae to oleander leaves
Selección de cepas de actinomicetos para el control de hongos fitopatógenos de suelo, con especial referencia a la podredumbre radical de la judía común (Phaseolus Vulgaris l.)
No full textThe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important crop for the Cuban population within the group of edible legumes with an annual production of 136,570 tonnes and yields ranging between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha-1. The environmental conditions, typical of subtropical countries, are favourable for the development and proliferation of a wide and heterogeneous soil microflora. Among them, the phytopathogenic soil-borne fungi Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani, which are associated with bean root rot disease, causing important economic losses in this crop in Cuba. The low availability of active ingredients for the control of these plant pathogenic fungi, together with their intrinsic biology, typical of soil fungi, lead us to reconsider an integrated management strategy for the proper management of the disease.
In this regard, the Centre for Bioactive Chemicals (CBQ) of the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas (UCLV) has a collection of 760 strains of bacteria classified as actinomycetes, microorganisms that have not been explored in Cuba so far as biological control agents (BCAs) with agricultural applications. Within the actinomycetes, Streptomyces is the most predominant genus in the terrestrial environment and the most studied for its properties as a biocontrol agent for plant pathogens and plant growth promoter. They are characterized by the production of biologically active primary and secondary metabolites and precursors of about 45 % of all bioactive compounds. Their enzymes allow them to chemically break down cellulose, lignin, chitin and protein-rich residues, as well as to physically bind soil particles together to form aggregates and prevent erosion.
Thus, the main objective of this PhD Thesis was to characterize 60 actinomycete strains in vitro and in vivo as BCAs against M. phaseolina and R. solani. Therefore, the first objective of this PhD Thesis was to carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review of the genus Streptomyces spp. as BCAs, with special emphasis on soil-borne pathogens.
Here, aspects related to the phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characterisation of Streptomyces, as well as their mechanisms of action and their application in crop protection, were compiled.
The Objective 2 aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 60 actinomycete strains as BCAs against M. phaseolina and R. solani in vitro by dual culture assays. The most effective strains were characterized according to their cellulolytic, chitinolytic and proteolytic extracellular enzyme activity, as well as their morphological, biochemical and molecular characters. The results showed that 66.6% and 41.0% of the actinomycete strains significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina and R. solani, respectively, compared with the control; and 30% of them showed a common effect against both pathogens. Significant differences were observed in their enzymatic and biochemical activity. Morphological and biochemical characters allowed us to identify all the strains as species belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Two Streptomyces strains, CBQ-EA-2 and CBQ-B-8, showed the highest effectiveness in vitro. Finally, the effect of seed treatments with both strains (CBQ-EA-2 and CBQ-B-8), using single or mixed applications, against the disease development was evaluated on seedlings of P. vulgaris cv. Quivicán grown in pots filled with soils inoculated with M. phaseolina and R. solani.
Treatments combining the two Streptomyces strains (CBQ-EA-2 + CBQ-B-8) were able to significantly reduce the disease incidence and severity for both pathogen infections compared to the nontreated and inoculated control. Furthermore, they showed a similar effect to that observed for the BCA Trichoderma harzianum A-34 and the chemical Celest® Top 312 FS (Syngenta®; Basel, Switzerland) treatments, which were included for comparative purposes.
The Objective 3 was carried out to validate the results of the Objective 2 in three experimental fields with soils naturally infested by M. phaseolina and R. solani. In all experimental fields, significant differences in disease incidence and severity were observed between treatments compared to the nontreated controls. Overall, single treatments with Streptomyces sp. strain CBQ-EA-2 or Streptomyces sp. strain CBQ-B-8 showed significantly less effect in reducing disease incidence and severity than treatments combining the two strains (Streptomyces sp. CBQ-EA-2+ CBQ-B-8), regardless the experimental field. The three treatments with Streptomyces spp. were significantly more effective than those with Celest® Top 312 FS; in contrast, most of the Streptomyces treatments had a significantly lower effect than the BCA T. harzianum A-34. When we evaluated the yield and quality of the legumes, in general, the treatment combining the two strains (Streptomyces sp. CBQ-EA-2+ CBQ-B-8) showed similar results with the chemical Celest® Top 312 FS and with the BCA T. harzianum A-34.
Finally, the objective 4 was a complementary study carried out during a 6-month pre-doctoral stage at the University of Cordoba (Spain). The goal lof this work was to evaluate the effect of six of the most effective Streptomyces strains from the Objective 1 as BCAs against Verticillium wilt of olive caused by Verticillium dahliae, one of the main olive diseases in Spain. For this purpose, trials were carried out under controlled conditions using two isolates of Verticillium dahliae (V-004 and V-323), evaluating the effect of the Streptomyces strains on mycelial growth of the pathogen by dual culture as well as their effect on the viability of conidia and microsclerotia of the pathogen in vitro.
In addition, their effect on the disease development was determined in olive plants inoculated with V. dahliae isolate V-323. The six Streptomyces sp. strains and the two BCAs F. oxysporum FO12 and A. pullulans AP08 used as effective control showed a significant effect on mycelial growth inhibition for both V. dahliae isolates V-004 and V- 323 compared to the untreated control. The reference BCA FO12 was the most effective on mycelial growth inhibition followed by AP08 for the two V. dahliae isolates; while the Streptomyces sp. strains showed a moderate effect for both V. dahliae isolates. Among the Streptomyces strains evaluated, CBQ-EA-2 was the most effective inhibiting mycelial growth of V. dahliae.
The result generated through this PhD Thesis represents an important advance in the biocontrol of soil-borne pathogens of two crops, common bean and olive, of global economic importance through the use of Streptomyces spp. strains, which had not been previously explored in the two geographical areas where this PhD Thesis has been developed.La judía común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es la especie vegetal más importante para la población cubana dentro del grupo de las leguminosas comestibles con una producción anual de 136.570 toneladas y rendimientos que oscilan entre 1,1 y 1,4 t ha-1. Las condiciones ambientales, típicas de países subtropicales, son favorables para el desarrollo y la proliferación de una amplia y heterogénea microflora del suelo, entre la que destacan los hongos fitopatógenos de suelo Macrophomina phaseolina y Rhizoctonia solani, asociados con la podredumbre de raíces de la judía, y que causan importantes pérdidas económicas en este cultivo en Cuba. La baja disponibilidad de materias activas para el control de estos hongos fitopatógenos, unida a su biología intrínseca, propia de hongos del suelo, nos conducen a replantearnos una estrategia de gestión integrada para el manejo adecuado de estas enfermedades. En tal sentido, el Centro de Bioactivos Químicos (CBQ), de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas (UCLV), cuenta con una colección de 760 cepas de bacterias clasificadas como actinomicetos, microorganismos no explorados en Cuba hasta el momento como agentes de control biológico (ACBs) con aplicaciones agrícolas. Dentro de los actinomicetos, Streptomyces es el género más predominante en el medio terrestre y el más estudiado por sus propiedades como agente de biocontrol de fitopatógenos y promotor del crecimiento de las plantas. Estos microorganismos se caracterizan por producir metabolitos primarios y secundarios, biológicamente activos y precursores de cerca del 45% de todos los compuestos bioactivos. Sus enzimas les permiten descomponer químicamente la celulosa, la lignina, la quitina y los residuos ricos en proteínas, así como unir físicamente las partículas del suelo para formar agregados y evitar la erosión.
Así, el objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral fue caracterizar in vitro e in vivo 60 cepas de actinomicetos como ACBs frente a M. phaseolina y R. solani. Para ello, el primer objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral fue realizar una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica del género Streptomyces spp. como ACBs, con especial énfasis en patógenos de suelo, igualmente, se resumen aspectos relacionados con la caracterización fenotípica, bioquímica y molecular de Streptomyces, así como sus mecanismos de acción y su aplicación en la protección de cultivos.
El objetivo 2 fue evaluar la eficacia de 60 cepas de actinomicetos como ACBs frente a M. phaseolina y R. solani in vitro mediante ensayos de cultivo dual. Las cepas más eficaces se caracterizaron de acuerdo con su actividad enzimática extracelular celulolítica, quitinolítica y proteolítica, así como por sus caracteres morfológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares. El 66,6 % y 41,0 % de las cepas de actinomicetos inhibieron el crecimiento micelial de M. phaseolina y R. solani, respectivamente, y 30 % de ellas mostraron un efecto común contra ambos patógenos. Se observaron diferencias significativas en su actividad enzimática y bioquímica. Los caracteres morfológicos y bioquímicos permitieron identificar todas nuestras cepas como pertenecientes al género Streptomyces. Las cepas Streptomyces CBQ-EA-2 y CBQ-B-8 mostraron la mayor eficacia in vitro. Por último, se evaluó el efecto de los tratamientos de semillas con ambas cepas sobre M. phaseolina y R. solani en plántulas de P. vulgaris cv. Quivicán. Los tratamientos que combinan las dos cepas de Streptomyces (CBQ-EA-2 + CBQ-B-8) fueron capaces de reducir significativamente la enfermedad causada por ambos patógenos en comparación con el control no tratado e inoculado.
Además, mostraron un efecto similar al observado con Trichoderma harzianum A-34 y con los tratamientos Celest® Top 312 FS (Syngenta®; Basilea, Suiza), que se incluyeron con fines comparativos.
El objetivo 3 se llevó a cabo para validar los resultados anteriores en tres campos experimentales con suelos naturalmente infestados por M. phaseolina y R. solani. En todos los campos experimentales, se observaron diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) en la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad entre los tratamientos en comparación con los controles no tratados. En general, los tratamientos con Streptomyces sp. cepa CBQ-EA-2 o Streptomyces sp. cepa CBQ-B-8 solos mostraron un efecto significativamente menor en la reducción de la incidencia y la severidad que los tratamientos que combinaban las dos cepas (Streptomyces sp. CBQ-EA-2+ CBQ-B-8), independientemente del campo experimental. Los tres tratamientos con Streptomyces spp. resultaron significativamente más eficaces que los realizados con el producto químico Celest® Top 312 FS; por el contrario, la mayoría de los tratamientos con Streptomyces tuvieron un efecto significativamente menor que el ACB T. harzianum A-34. Cuando se evaluaron el rendimiento y calidad de las legumbres, en general, el tratamiento combinando las dos cepas (Streptomyces sp. CBQ-EA-2+ CBQ-B-8), mostró resultados similares con el producto químico Celest® Top 312 FS y con T. harzianum A-34.
Por último, el objetivo 4 fue un estudio complementario realizado durante una estancia predoctoral de 6 meses en la Universidad de Córdoba (España). En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de seis de las cepas de Streptomyces más efectivas del Objetivo 1 como ACBs frente a la Verticilosis del olivo causada por Verticillium dahliae, una de las principales enfermedades del olivar en España. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo ensayos en condiciones controladas empleando dos aislados de V. dahliae (V-004 y V-323), evaluando el efecto de las cepas sobre el crecimiento micelial del patógeno mediante cultivo dual, así como su efecto en la viabilidad de conidios y microesclerocios del patógeno in vitro.
Además, se determinó su efecto frente al desarrollo de la enfermedad en plantas de olivo, empleando en este caso el aislado V-323 de V. dahliae. Las seis cepas de Streptomyces sp. y los dos ACBs F. oxysporum FO12 y A. pullulans AP08 utilizados como controles efectivos mostraron un efecto significativo sobre la inhibición del crecimiento micelial los dos aislados de V. dahliae V-004 y V-323 en comparación con el control no tratado. El ACB de referencia FO12 fue el más eficaz sobre la inhibición del crecimiento micelial seguido de AP08 para los dos aislados de V. dahliae; mientras que las cepas de Streptomyces sp. mostraron un efecto moderado, para ambos aislados de V. dahliae. De las cepas de Streptomyces sp evaluadas, fue CBQ-EA-2 la que mostró los mejores resultados en la inhibición del crecimiento micelial de V. dahliae.
El resultado generado a través de esta Tesis Doctoral representa un avance importante en el biocontrol de patógenos de suelo de dos cultivos de importancia económica mundial mediante el uso de cepas de Streptomyces spp., no explorado previamente en las dos zonas geográficas donde se ha desarrollado esta Tesis Doctoral
A database of freshwater macroinvertebrate occurrence records across Cuba
No full textIn light of the ongoing freshwater biodiversity crisis, detailed knowledge regarding the spatial distribution of freshwater species is urgently required, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Here we present a database of georeferenced occurrence records of four freshwater invertebrate taxa groups across Cuba, namely flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida), insects (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera), crabs and shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda), and mollusks (Mollusca). We collated the geographic occurrence information from scientific literature, unpublished field records, museum collections and online databases. The database, comprising 6292 records of 457 species at 1075 unique localities, is organized in 32 fields that contain the information about the taxonomic classification of each recorded species, the sex and life stage of collected individuals; the geographic coordinates, location, author and date of the record and a reference to the original data source. This database provides an important basis towards an improved understanding of the spatial distribution of freshwater biodiversity in Cuba.Georg Foster Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Alexander von Humbold
Voces de tradición: Reflexiones ante la figura mitificada de un guslari
No full textThe popular epic of the guslari recounted in the lliad and Odyssey (credited to Homer) has. been revived with the appearance of a guslari on Mallorca in March 2004. The author insists. on the study of them in other literary categories such as the romancero and décima. as well ali elsewhere in Europe.La épica popular de los guslaris croatas es la más representativa de las. culturas antiguas que ha sido relacionada con la Ilíada y la Odisea del más grande los aedos. Homero. Con motivo de haber presenciado de la actuación de un guslari en Manacor (Mallorca ). en marzo de 2004, el autor reclama la necesidad de estudiar este y otros fenómenos poéticos de la tradición oral hispana, como el romancero y la décima. y de otros lugares de Europa. para explicar muchas manifestaciones literarias poéticas de Ja historia de la literatura y de la música que tuvieron su lugar propio de creación no en una cultura escrita, sino oral
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