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    The Finite Element Method for the Design of Biomedical Devices

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    Some of the designing techniques available today are suitable for application in the biomedical field. Among these, the most interesting ones make use of the computer for drawing, simulating and manufacturing and are commonly called Computer Aided Engineering, or CAE. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is often at the heart of these powerful methods and will be treated in detail within this chapter. The treatment of this subject in the present chapter will avoid the mathematical framework that constitutes the basis of FEM. The intention of the authors is to give a practical viewpoint on FEM, thus a sample problem will be used in order to describe both the sequence of operations needed in a FEM analysis and some of the fundamental issues that are involved. The sample problem has been chosen in a subject that is not too far from the interests of the readers. However, it must be pointed out that the treatment of this problem is functional only to the presentation of FEM, thus the problem will be simplified in order to make FEM more clearly understandable, and consequently the results of the sample problem cannot be assumed to hold in a realistic setting

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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