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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bike-sharing-boom – development of new forms of sustainable transport in Poland on the example of a public bicycle
No full textSystem roweru publicznego (bike-sharing system) staje się coraz bardziej powszechnym elementem systemu transportowego w przestrzeni miast w Polsce i na świecie. Do głównych powodów wprowadzania tego rozwiązania na obszarach miejskich zaliczyć można potrzebę zwiększenia wydajności miejskich systemów transportowych oraz dążenie do ograniczenia problemów tworzących się wskutek presji tradycyjnych środków transportu na środowisko. Rower publiczny z powodzeniem staje się także elementem transportu multimodalnego łącząc się z innymi środkami transportu publicznego. W Polsce bike-sharing funkcjonuje od 2008 r. rozszerzając swój zasięg z każdym kolejnym rokiem o nowe miasta, a także obszary wiejskie. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano zmiany liczby systemów w Polsce w latach 2017-2018 – w okresie największego rozwoju tej formy transportu na badanym obszarze. Analizę wykonano w oparciu o wskaźniki liczby stacji roweru publicznego na określonej powierzchni oraz liczby rowerów na tle liczby mieszkańców analizowanych miejscowości. W pracy porównano także cenniki wypożyczeń rowerów dla poszczególnych systemów funkcjonujących w Polsce. Na podstawie przeanalizowanych danych wyznaczono także kierunki rozwoju roweru publicznego w Polsce.The public bicycle system (bike-sharing system) is becoming an increasingly common element of the transport system in urban space in Poland and in the world. The main reasons for implementing this solution in urban areas include the need to increase the efficiency of urban transport systems and to reduce the problems created by the pressure of traditional means of transport on the environment. Public bike is also successfully becoming an element of multimodal transport by connecting with other public transport. In Poland, bike-sharing has been operating since 2008, expanding its range with each subsequent year for new cities, as well as rural areas. The study analyzed changes in the number of systems in Poland in 2017-2018 – in the period of the greatest development of this form of transport in the studied area. The analysis was based on the indicators of the number of public bicycle stations on a given area and the number of bicycles on the background of the number of inhabitants of the analyzed cities. The work also compared bicycle rental rates for individual systems operating in Poland. On the basis of the analyzed data, the directions of public bicycle development in Poland were also determined
Metropolitan bicycle-sharing system in the Polish context of various needs of cities, towns, and villages
Get PDFBicycle-sharing systems (BSSs) have started to play an important role in the transport systems of cities worldwide as a sustainable alternative to the dominant motorised mobility culture. BSSs have also expanded over time to include regions and metropolitan areas as well as small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the goals of connecting individual communes in a metropolitan area to a metropolitan bicycle system. The authors applied a case study of the MEVO metropolitan bicycle system consisting of electrically assisted bicycles, introduced in 2019 in 14 communes of the Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area (GGSMA) in Poland. The study used GGSMA-designated metropolitan zoning to group the goals pursued by the participants when joining the project. This paper is the first to identify the goals that inclined small towns and rural areas to accede to the BSS. The results show that the largest cities in the metropolis that make up its core count on bike sharing to solve the problems of congested city centres, while small towns and rural areas see the BSS as an opportunity to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, as the first mode of public transport, as an opportunity to be closer and more identified with the metropolitan core, and as a chance to develop tourism and recreation.Bicycle-sharing systems (BSSs) have started to play an important role in the transport systems of cities worldwide as a sustainable alternative to the dominant motorised mobility culture. BSSs have also expanded over time to include regions and metropolitan areas as well as small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the goals of connecting individual communes in a metropolitan area to a metropolitan bicycle system. The authors applied a case study of the MEVO metropolitan bicycle system consisting of electrically assisted bicycles, introduced in 2019 in 14 communes of the Gdańsk[1]Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area (GGSMA) in Poland. The study used GGSMA[1]designated metropolitan zoning to group the goals pursued by the participants when joining the project. This paper is the first to identify the goals that inclined small towns and rural areas to accede to the BSS. The results show that the largest cities in the metropolis that make up its core count on bike sharing to solve the problems of congested city centres, while small towns and rural areas see the BSS as an opportunity to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, as the first mode of public transport, as an opportunity to be closer and more identified with the metropolitan core, and as a chance to develop tourism and recreation
Bicycle critical mass events 30 years on – are they an urban mobility movement or a bicycle festival?
No full textThe issue of inequality in the use of urban transport space is particularly important in today’s car-saturated cities. Increasing the convenience, safety and respect for the rights of vulnerable road users, including in particular pedestrians and cyclists, is emerging as a particular challenge. Grassroots initiatives of city residents, who become cycling advocates and cycling activists, are confronting this problem. Among various forms of activism there is also the organisation of ‘critical masses’, which were originally intended to remind us about the rights of this group of road users through a simultaneous passage of multiple cyclists through the streets of the city. From the late 20th century to the present day, such events have undergone change. The aim of this study was to investigate how today’s critical masses differ from their 1990s prototypes. The research analysed bike critical masses organised in Poland, a country with an underdeveloped cycling culture and low cycling modal share. At one such event, a survey was also conducted to determine why participants chose to attend. The study confirmed that contemporary bicycle critical masses are recreational events promoting cycling
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rower publiczny 1. generacji w XXI w. – studium przypadku Krotoszyna
Get PDFBike sharing systems have been growing as a mode of transport in cities, providing a sustainable alternative to motorised transport. The solution has evolved over the years, moving through various stages of development from the 1960s to the present. The different generations of bike sharing systems responded to the needs and technical capabilities of their time – from unsecured 1st generation bicycles made available to residents on a community trust basis, to 4th generation bicycles equipped with security and advanced mobility solutions. Bike sharing systems, regardless of their generation, are also part of the sharing economy, which assumes that many users can share the same goods.
This paper presents an example of a bicycle-sharing system implemented in 2017 in Krotoszyn (Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, Poland) based on 1st generation principles known from the 1960s. It also assesses whether the introduction of a trust-based system for residents can be successful. As demonstrated, these solutions are based on several important pillars, including local government experience, rational calculation and planning, and public education.Systemy roweru publicznego rozwijają się jako środek transportu w miastach, stanowiąc zrównoważoną alternatywę dla transportu zmotoryzowanego. Rozwiązanie to ewoluowało na przestrzeni lat, przechodząc od lat 60. XX w. do współczesności przez różne etapy rozwoju. Poszczególne generacje systemów roweru publicznego odpowiadały na potrzeby oraz możliwości techniczne swoich czasów – od niezabezpieczonych, udostępnianych mieszkańcom na zasadzie zaufania społecznego, rowerów 1. generacji, do wyposażonych w zabezpieczenia i zaawansowane rozwiązania mobilne rowerów 4. generacji. Systemy roweru publicznego, niezależnie od generacji, wpisują się także w założenia gospodarki współdzielenia (sharing economy), zakładającej możliwość wspólnego korzystania z tych samych dóbr przez wielu użytkowników.
W artykule przedstawiono przykład wdrożenia w 2017 r. systemu roweru publicznego w Krotoszynie (województwo wielkopolskie) opartego na zasadach 1. generacji, znanych z lat 60. XX w. Dokonano ponadto oceny, czy wprowadzenie systemu roweru publicznego opartego na zaufaniu wobec mieszkańców może zakończyć się powodzeniem. Jak wykazano, rozwiązania te oparte są na kilku istotnych filarach, w tym doświadczeniu samorządu lokalnego, racjonalnej kalkulacji i planowaniu oraz edukacji społeczeństwa
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