124 research outputs found
Das EU-Investitionsschutzrecht im Wandel
No full textAnalysing European investment protection law, Matthias Leeb focuses on the resulting legal protection deficits for investors and provides concrete recommendations for dealing with them. In particular, he examines recent decisions of the ECJ on intra-EU investment protection agreements - Achmea, Komstroy, PL-Holdings and European Food SA, among others - and takes a critical look at them and their effects. Furthermore, the author addresses the EU's intended reform of investment protection in relation to third countries, taking into account current developments in the context of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT).PublishedDas europäische Investitionsschutzrecht analysierend, rückt Matthias Leeb die sich daraus ergebenden Rechtsschutzdefizite für Investoren in den Fokus und gibt konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für den Umgang mit diesen. Insbesondere untersucht er dafür aktuelle Entscheidungen des EuGH zu Intra-EU-Investitionsschutzabkommen – Achmea, Komstroy, PL-Holdings und European Food SA u. a. – und setzt sich kritisch mit diesen und deren Auswirkungen auseinander. Darüber hinaus geht der Autor auf die von der EU angestrebte Reform des Investitionsschutzes im Verhältnis zu Drittstaaten ein, wobei er die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Energiecharta-Vertrag (ECT) berücksichtigt
Lanzamiento desodorante antitranspirante corporal Leeb
No full textTesis para optar al grado de Magíster en MarketingNo disponible a texto completoEl ser humano, por naturaleza, es un ser gregario, que necesita vivir con sus pares
para poder relacionarse con ellos. Sin embargo, hoy en día el mal olor corporal
atenta contra ese objetivo. La solución a ello: El desodorante corporal.
El desodorante corporal es una sustancia que se aplica al cuerpo, especialmente
en axilas, para reducir el olor de la transpiración. El sudor humano es inodoro. El
olor es causado por bacterias que prosperan en entornos calientes y húmedos.
Este olor es mal visto en muchas culturas, ya que puede indicar una mala higiene
personal (no siempre es así) y por el desagradable olor; de ahí el deseo de
eliminarlo. Los desodorantes trabajan de la siguiente forma: Inhibe el crecimiento
de la bacteria que genera el olor. Esto se consigue con compuestos químicos
antibacterianos. Además los productos que se encuentran en el mercado chileno
incluyen fragancias para enmascarar el olor de la transpiración.
Los desodorantes corporales han ido evolucionando en sus formulaciones,
beneficios y atributos a lo largo del tiempo, tanto para hombres como para
mujeres.
Actualmente el líder de la categoría es Unilever, esto de debe en gran parte al
éxito que ha tenido Axe, producto enfocado en el público masculino, el cual cada
día está más preocupado de su higiene y aspecto personal.
Sin embargo, hay otro nicho que aún no es explotado por las distintas empresas
que componen la industria de cuidado personal: el de las mujeres que disfrutan los
aromas de las fragancias que ellas usan día a día, invierten dinero en un
productos que las identifican, cambian de fragancias según la época del año y el
momento del día en el que se encuentran, es decir una fragancias para el día, la
noche, otra para verano e invierno. Son mujeres que se expresan y comunican a
través de su fragancia, alegres, multifacética, moderna, cumple varios roles
(trabaja, madre, esposa, hija, soltera). Busca mantener su esencia natural de
mujer y transformarla de acuerdo a sus necesidades y momento del día en el cual
se encuentra. Es una mujer que no busca estereotipos, es honesta, espontánea,
se mueve libremente mostrando su femineidad. Le gusta mucho el cuidado
personal, pero es muy sencilla. Ese es el perfil de la mujer es el que se denomina:
mujer Leeb.
Con el fin de atacar ese inexplorado segmento, se crea el desodorante Leeb. Es
un desodorante antitranspirante femenino, que cumple con los requisitos básicos
de las mujeres que hasta hoy no han podido satisfacer, ya que deben consumir los
productos que están disponibles en el mercado, sin satisfacer su necesidad. Un
producto que tiene la ventaja de no tener aroma, brinda protección por 24 horas,
devuelve el color natural a la piel de las axilas y testeado dermatológicamente.
El plan propiamente tal dispondrá de un mix de acciones: Evento de Lanzamiento,
Relaciones Públicas, Publicidad (Creatividad y Medios), BTL, uso de material
POP, Promociones, Merchandising, Marketing Directo y Sitio Web
coxphMIC: An R Package for Sparse Estimation of Cox Proportional Hazards Models via Approximated Information Criteria
No full textIn this paper, we describe an R package named coxphMIC, which implements the sparse estimation method for Cox proportional hazards models via approximated information criterion (Su et al., 2016). The developed methodology is named MIC which stands for “Minimizing approximated Information Criteria . A reparameterization step is introduced to enforce sparsity while at the same time keeping the objective function smooth. As a result, MIC is computationally fast with a superior performance in sparse estimation. Furthermore, the reparameterization tactic yields an additional advantage in terms of circumventing post-selection inference (Leeb and Pötscher, 2005). The MIC method and its R implementation are introduced and illustrated with the PBC data
Immunogenicity of a DNA prime and recombinant adenovirus boost regime significantly varies between rhesus macaques of Chinese and Indian origins
No full textMucosal prior to systemic application of recombinant adenovirus boosting is more immunogenic than systemic application twice but confers similar protection against SIV-challenge in DNA vaccine-primed macaques
No full textAbstractWe investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a bimodal prime/boost vaccine regimen given by various routes in the Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) rhesus monkey model for AIDS. Twelve animals were immunized with SIV DNA-vectors followed by the application of a recombinant adenovirus (rAd5) expressing the same genes either intramuscularly (i.m.) or by oropharyngeal spray. The second rAd5-application was given i.m. All vaccinees plus six controls were challenged orally with SIVmac239 12 weeks post-final immunization.Both immunization strategies induced strong SIV Gag-specific IFN-γ and T-cell proliferation responses and mediated a conservation of CD4+ memory T-cells and a reduction of viral load during peak viremia following infection. Interestingly, the mucosal group was superior to the systemic group regarding breadth and strength of SIV-specific T-cell responses and exhibited lower vector specific immune responses. Therefore, our data warrant the inclusion of mucosal vector application in a vaccination regimen which makes it less invasive and easier to apply
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Cold atmospheric pressure plasma and low energy electron beam as alternative nonthermal decontamination technologies for dry food surfaces: A review
No full textBackground: Dry food products are often highly contaminated, and dry stress-resistant microorganisms, such as certain types of Salmonella and bacterial spores, can be still viable and multiply if the product is incorporated into high moisture food products or rehydrated. Traditional technologies for the decontamination of these products have certain limitations and drawbacks, such as alterations of product quality, environmental impacts, carcinogenic potential and/or lower consumer acceptance. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) and low energy electron beam (LEEB) are two promising innovative technologies for microbial inactivation on dry food surfaces, which have shown potential to solve these certain limitations. Scope and approach: This review critically summarizes recent studies on the decontamination of dry food surfaces by CAPP and LEEB. Furthermore, proposed inactivation mechanisms, product-process interactions, current limitations and upscaling potential, as well as future trends and research needs for both emerging technologies, are discussed. Key findings and conclusions: CAPP and LEEB are nonthermal technologies with a high potential for the gentle decontamination of dry food surfaces. Both technologies have similarities in their inactivation mechanisms. Due to the limited penetration depth of both technologies, product-process interactions can be minimized by maintaining product quality. A first demonstrator with Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 7 for LEEB has already been introduced into the food industry for the decontamination of herbs and spices. Compared with LEEB, CAPP is at the advanced development stage with TRL 5, for which further work is essential to design systems that are scalable to industrial requirements. © 2018 The Author
Double modulated differential THz-TDS for thin film dielectric characterization
No full textTerahertz differential time-domain spectroscopy (DTDS) is a new technique that uses pulsed terahertz radiation to characterize the optical properties of thin dielectric films. Characterizing thin films in the GHz to THz range is critical for the development of new technologies in integrated circuitry, photonic systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems. There are potential applications for gene and protein chips. This paper shows how DTDS can be combined with double modulation in the pump-probe system to improve sensitivity by an order of magnitude. An iterative algorithm is presented to estimate the optical properties of a given thin film. The technique is experimentally verified using 1-μm-thick samples of silicon dioxide on silicon.Samuel P. Mickan, Kwang-Su Lee, Toh-Ming Lu, Jesper Munch, Derek Abbott and X. -C. Zhanghttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405904/description#descriptio
Use of Leeb hardness test in the characterization of rock material
No full textTvrdoća materijala se uobičajeno definira kao otpor prodiranju alata ili otpor trajnom udubljenju u uzorku. Izuzetno je važno naglasiti empirijski karakter ovog ispitivanja koje zato nije jednoznačno svojstvo stijene te postoji puno načina i metoda određivanja tvrdoće. Jedan od njih je postupak koji se zove tvrdoća po Leebu koja se može koristi u različitim inženjerskim djelatnostima. Metoda je prvotno primijenjena na uzorcima od metala, ali korištena je i za utvrđivanje tvrdoće stijenskog materijala. U ovom radu prikazana su ispitivanja stijenskog materijala uzetog iz eksploatacijskog polja Kanfanar gdje se eksploatira poznati arhitektonsko-građevni kamen zvan „Istarski žuti“ ili „Giallo d’Istria". Međutim ispitivanja tvrdoće po Leebu na plaštu uzorka u obliku jezgre mogu se obavljati i kod istraživanja nafte i plina pa time ovaj rad daje doprinos široj primjeni jednostavnijih ispitivanja na stijenskom materijalu, uz zadržavanje iste učinkovitosti.Material hardness is usually defined as resistance to penetration by tools or resistance to permanent indentation in a specimen. It is extremely important to emphasize the empirical nature of this test, so it is not a unambiguously property of the rock. There are many ways and methods to determine hardness. One of them is a method called Leeb hardness, which can be used in a variety of engineering activities. The method was originally applied to metal samples, but has also been used to determine the hardness of rock material. This paper presents tests on rock material from the Kanfanar mining area, where the well-known architectural building stone "Istrian Yellow" or "Giallo d'Istria" is mined. However, Lebb hardness tests on the mantle of the sample can also be performed in oil and gas exploration, so this work contributes to a wider application of simpler tests on rock material, while maintaining the same efficiency
Framing the structure of global open innovation research
No full textThis study proposes a way of mapping open innovation research structure by quantitatively
analyzing open innovation research papers retrieved from Web of Science database. A total
of 130 papers are retrieved in this study and 62 papers which contain keywords are chosen
for research structure visualization. Open innovation research networks are quantitatively
investigated by combining network theory and keyword co-occurrence. Contour maps of
open innovation are also created on the basis of networks for visualization. The networks
and contour maps can be expressed differently by choosing different information as the
main actors, such as the paper author, the institute, the country or the author-keywords, to
reflect open innovation research structures in micro, meso, and macro-levels, respectively.
The quantitative ways of exploring open innovation research structure are investigated
to unveil important or emerging open innovation components as well as to demonstrate
visualization of the structure of global open innovation research. The quantitative method
provided in this project shows a possible way of visualizing and evaluating research
community structure and thus a computerized calculation is possible for potential quantitative
applications on open innovation research management, e.g. R&D resource allocation,
research performance evaluation, and science map
On the uniformity of pure-boron-layer depositions
No full textIn this paper, the uniformity of PureB-layers deposited on photodiode surfaces of a segmented photodetector is investigated and discussed. Low-energy E-beam (LEEB) measurements have been carried out to study the uniformity and PureB-layer thickness variations over the anode surface area. It can be conclude that the PureB-layer is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges of the opening windows where it is adjacent to oxide on the one side, and it is thickest at the corners of the window where it is adjacent to oxide on two sides. This shows the effect of the oxide surfaces (a so-called loading effect) around the openings on the thickness of the PureB-layer.DIMESElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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