1,720,964 research outputs found
Perilaku Makan pada Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus-sumatranus) di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus, Aek Nauli, Sumatera Utara
No full textPerilaku makan merupakan suatu kegiatan atau tanggapan pada suatu individu gajah mulai dari mencari, mengolah, mengunyah dan menelan pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku makan gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus-sumatranus) dan jenis tumbuhan pakan alami gajah sumatera. Objek utama pada penelitian ini yaitu seekor gajah jantan (Figo) dan seekor gajah betina (Vini). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode focal animal sampling dan eksplorasi. Lokasi penelitian ini dibedakan berdasarkan daerah penggembalaannya yaitu, hutan dominan pinus, hutan sekunder dan lahan terbuka. Pengamatan selama 72 jam pada kedua ekor gajah memperoleh titik sampel sebanyak 2564 dengan total durasi 2520 menit. Perilaku yang terjadi pada saat perilaku makan di KHDTK yaitu membersihkan pakan dengan belalai, menginjak pakan dengan kaki, mematahkan pakan dengan kaki, menarik pakan dengan belalai dan memasukkan pakan kedalam mulut. Perilaku yang paling sering terlihat yaitu menarik pakan dengan belalai 47,87% pada gajah Figo dan 49,40% pada gajah Vini. Akan tetapi, perilaku mematahkan pakan dengan kaki jarang terlihat dilakukan kedua ekor gajah yaitu 1,17% pada gajah Figo dan 0% pada gajah Vini. Jenis tumbuhan yang dikonsumsi gajah di peroleh 22 jenis dari 15 Famili, antara lain Arenga pinnata (aren), Daemonorops draco (rotan), Elaeis guinensis (kelapa sawit), Centella asiatica (pegagan), Impatiens walleriana (pacar air), Cyperus rotundus (rumput teki ladang), Shorea leprosula (meranti), Dryopteris filix-mas (Paku), Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro), Durio zibethinus (durian), Hibiscus tiliaceus (waru), Medinilla magnifica (parijoto), Clidemia hirta (harendong bulu), Ficus racemosa (loa), Mimosa invisa (putri malu), Pandanus tectorius (pandan duri), Piper betle (sirih), Eleusine indica (rumput belulang), Gigantochloa apus (bambu), Lopatherum gracille (rumput bamboo), Meganthyrsus maximus (rumput benggala) dan Pennisetum purpureum (rumput gajah). Pada penelitian ini diperoleh nilai indeks similaritas perbandingan antara hutan dominan pinus dan hutan sekunder sebesar 82%, hutan dominan pinus dan lahan terbuka sebesar 83%, hutan sekunder dan lahan terbuka sebesar 87%.Feeding behavior is an activity or response to an individual elephant starting from browsing, processing, chewing and swallowing food. This study aims to determine the feeding behavior of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus-sumatranus) and natural feeds of Sumatran elephants. The main objects in this study are a male elephant (Figo) and a female elephant (Vini). Research methods used in this study are focal animal sampling and exploratory survey. Research on feeding behaviour is classified based on three grazing areas namely, pine dominant forest, secondary forest and forest remnant. Observation for 72 hr obtained 2564 sample points with a total duration of 2520 min. Observable feeding behaviorsby Sumatran elephants in KHDTK are cleaning feed with trunk, stepping on feed with foot, crushing feed with foot, pulling feed with trunk and feeding into the mouth. The most frequent behavior is pulling feed with trunk with percentage of 47,87% for Figo and 49,40% for Vini. However, crushing feed with foot is less likely observed with percentage of 1,17% for Figo and 0% for Vini. Twenty-two plant species consumed by elephants were classified into 15 Families, including Arenga pinnata (sugar palm), Daemonorops draco (rattan), Elaeis guinensis (oil palm), Centella asiatica (pegagan), Impatiens walleriana (pacar air), Cyperus rotundus (teki grass), Shorea leprosula (meranti), Dryopteris filix-mas (paku), Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro), Durio zibethinus (durian), Hibiscus tiliaceus (waru), Medinilla magnifica (palijoto), Clidemia hirta (lamtoro),Ficus racemosa (loa), Mimosa invisa (putri malu), Pandanus tectorius (pandan duri), Piper betle (sirih), Eleusine indica (belulang grass), Gigantochloa apus (bamboo), Lopatherum gracille (bamboo grass), Meganthyrsus maximus (benggala grass) and Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass). This study finds similarity indices among study sites in which: pine dominant forest and secondary forest with 82%, pine dominant forest and forest remnant with 83% and between secondary forest and forest remnant with 87%.77 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Palatabilitas Pakan Alami dan Bagian yang dikonsumsi gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temmnick 1847) di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus Aek Nauli
No full textKelestarian gajah sumatera terancam karena adanya konversi hutan untuk
perkebunan, pemukiman, pertanian dan pertambangan yang menyebabkan
habitatnya terfragmentasi. Berkurangnya habitat gajah mengakibatkan gajah
masuk ke pemukiman dan perkebunan untuk mencari pakan sehingga terjadi
konflik dengan manusia. Salah satu upaya konservasi gajah dilakukan oleh Aek
Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) yang berada di KHDTK Aek Nauli.
Salah satu faktor penting untuk mendukung keberhasilannya adalah ketersedian
pakan alami gajah harus tercukupi sama seperti gajah liar lainnya. Oleh karena itu,
penelitian mengenai palatabilitas pakan alami dan bagian yang dikonsumsi gajah
penting dilakukan sebagai dasar pengelolaan pakan gajah. Metode penelitian yang
digunakan yaitu focal animal sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga tipe
tutupan lahan yaitu hutan campuran pinus, hutan sekunder, dan lahan terbuka.
Hasil penelian menunjukan terdapat 33 jenis yang tergolong ke dalam 17 famili.
Jenis pakan gajah di dominasi oleh famili poaceae (8 jenis). Terdapat enam bagian
tumbuhan yang dimakan gajah yaitu daun, pelepah, ranting, kulit, umbut, seluruh
bagian. Tumbuhan Ottochloa nodosa dan Rhodamnia cinerea memiliki frekuensi
tertinggi dan durasi terlama
Examining Various Forms of Interaction and Coexistence Strategies of Humans-Tapanuli Orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis)
No full textThe Tapanuli orangutan is one of the most endangered species due to habitat loss
by human activities, which triggers conflict. One strategy to minimize conflict is to
develop the concept of human-orangutan coexistence. Coexistence is important to
ensure peaceful and sustainable coexistence between the two, by considering the
needs and interests of each. This study aims to analyze human and orangutan
behavior, and identify strategies to support coexistence. The methods used include
interviews, observations, descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results of
the study indicate that human behavior around the Tapanuli orangutan habitat
has the potential for coexistence, namely tolerance, conservation, social
responsibility, and legal compliance. Meanwhile, the social behavior of
orangutans, adapting to the environment, eating, territoriality, moving contribute
to the potential for coexistence. The strategy to support human coexistence with
the Tapanuli orangutan is in quadrant II where the recommended strategy is to
use force to overcome threats. The implementation of the strategy that must be
applied is the use of force to capture long-term opportunities, namely by means of
a solid, bound and obedient policy strategy72 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Community Socio-Economic Characteristics, Plant Types and Land Use in Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) Conflict Villages in the Batang Toru Landscape
No full textThis research addresses the emerging conflict between the community and the Orangutan Tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis) in Landscape Batang Toru. The existence of this endemic species has led to tension regarding land use and natural resource utilization. Utilizing field surveys, interviews, and economic data analysis, the study identifies that the conflict is associated with habitat allocation, hunting, and habitat destruction. The significant impacts are evident in the daily lives of the community, including decreased agricultural production, financial losses, and changes in livelihood patterns. The research results provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of this conflict and present policy recommendations, including the development of conservation programs involving community participation and the strengthening of conservation area monitoring to maintain a balance between wildlife conservation and the economic well-being of the local community in Marancar. This research aims to identify and mitigate conflicts between the community and Orangutan Tapanuli in Landscape Batang Toru.59 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Sebaran dan Populasi Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) di KHDTK Aek Nauli, Sumatera Utara
No full textSiamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) merupakan salah satu satwa endemik
Sumatera yang berasal dari keluarga Hylobatidae. Siamang dapat ditemui di daerah
Sumatera Utara, selatan Danau Toba, hingga Bukit Barisan Selatan. Siamang
memiliki morfologi yang unik berupa kantung suara (gular sac) sehingga ketika
bersuara dapat mengeluarkan suara yang sangat keras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran, karakteristik populasi dan perilaku bersuara
siamang di KHDTK Aek Nauli. Terdapat 15 titik sebaran siamang yang tersebar
pada tiga tipe tutupan lahan, yaitu hutan primer, sekunder dan dominasi pinus.
Berdasarkan uji Chi-square diperoleh bahwa pola sebaran spasial siamang
berbentuk mengelompok, yang berarti��������²ℎ���������������� lebih dari atau sama dengan ��������²0,025.
Jumlah kelompok siamang yang teridentifikasi 15 kelompok dengan jumlah 49
individu. Pendugaan populasi siamang yaitu 39±11 individu dengan ketelitian
71.8%. Kepadatan populasi 2.05±0.57 individu/km² dan 0.78±0.57 kelompok/km².
Aktivitas bersuara pada kelompok siamang di KHDTK Aek Nauli paling sering
dilakukan pada pukul 09.00–11.00 WIB
Perilaku Makan pada Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus-sumatranus) di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus, Aek Nauli, Sumatera Utara
No full textPerilaku makan merupakan suatu kegiatan atau tanggapan pada suatu individu gajah mulai dari mencari, mengolah, mengunyah dan menelan pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku makan gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus-sumatranus) dan jenis tumbuhan pakan alami gajah sumatera. Objek utama pada penelitian ini yaitu seekor gajah jantan (Figo) dan seekor gajah betina (Vini). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode focal animal sampling dan eksplorasi. Lokasi penelitian ini dibedakan berdasarkan daerah penggembalaannya yaitu, hutan dominan pinus, hutan sekunder dan lahan terbuka. Pengamatan selama 72 jam pada kedua ekor gajah memperoleh titik sampel sebanyak 2564 dengan total durasi 2520 menit. Perilaku yang terjadi pada saat perilaku makan di KHDTK yaitu membersihkan pakan dengan belalai, menginjak pakan dengan kaki, mematahkan pakan dengan kaki, menarik pakan dengan belalai dan memasukkan pakan kedalam mulut. Perilaku yang paling sering terlihat yaitu menarik pakan dengan belalai 47,87% pada gajah Figo dan 49,40% pada gajah Vini. Akan tetapi, perilaku mematahkan pakan dengan kaki jarang terlihat dilakukan kedua ekor gajah yaitu 1,17% pada gajah Figo dan 0% pada gajah Vini. Jenis tumbuhan yang dikonsumsi gajah di peroleh 22 jenis dari 15 Famili, antara lain Arenga pinnata (aren), Daemonorops draco (rotan), Elaeis guinensis (kelapa sawit), Centella asiatica (pegagan), Impatiens walleriana (pacar air), Cyperus rotundus (rumput teki ladang), Shorea leprosula (meranti), Dryopteris filix-mas (Paku), Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro), Durio zibethinus (durian), Hibiscus tiliaceus (waru), Medinilla magnifica (parijoto), Clidemia hirta (harendong bulu), Ficus racemosa (loa), Mimosa invisa (putri malu), Pandanus tectorius (pandan duri), Piper betle (sirih), Eleusine indica (rumput belulang), Gigantochloa apus (bambu), Lopatherum gracille (rumput bamboo), Meganthyrsus maximus (rumput benggala) dan Pennisetum purpureum (rumput gajah). Pada penelitian ini diperoleh nilai indeks similaritas perbandingan antara hutan dominan pinus dan hutan sekunder sebesar 82%, hutan dominan pinus dan lahan terbuka sebesar 83%, hutan sekunder dan lahan terbuka sebesar 87%.Feeding behavior is an activity or response to an individual elephant starting from browsing, processing, chewing and swallowing food. This study aims to determine the feeding behavior of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus-sumatranus) and natural feeds of Sumatran elephants. The main objects in this study are a male elephant (Figo) and a female elephant (Vini). Research methods used in this study are focal animal sampling and exploratory survey. Research on feeding behaviour is classified based on three grazing areas namely, pine dominant forest, secondary forest and forest remnant. Observation for 72 hr obtained 2564 sample points with a total duration of 2520 min. Observable feeding behaviorsby Sumatran elephants in KHDTK are cleaning feed with trunk, stepping on feed with foot, crushing feed with foot, pulling feed with trunk and feeding into the mouth. The most frequent behavior is pulling feed with trunk with percentage of 47,87% for Figo and 49,40% for Vini. However, crushing feed with foot is less likely observed with percentage of 1,17% for Figo and 0% for Vini. Twenty-two plant species consumed by elephants were classified into 15 Families, including Arenga pinnata (sugar palm), Daemonorops draco (rattan), Elaeis guinensis (oil palm), Centella asiatica (pegagan), Impatiens walleriana (pacar air), Cyperus rotundus (teki grass), Shorea leprosula (meranti), Dryopteris filix-mas (paku), Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro), Durio zibethinus (durian), Hibiscus tiliaceus (waru), Medinilla magnifica (palijoto), Clidemia hirta (lamtoro),Ficus racemosa (loa), Mimosa invisa (putri malu), Pandanus tectorius (pandan duri), Piper betle (sirih), Eleusine indica (belulang grass), Gigantochloa apus (bamboo), Lopatherum gracille (bamboo grass), Meganthyrsus maximus (benggala grass) and Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass). This study finds similarity indices among study sites in which: pine dominant forest and secondary forest with 82%, pine dominant forest and forest remnant with 83% and between secondary forest and forest remnant with 87%.77 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Model Mitigasi Konflik Manusia dan Orangutan Tapanuli pada Lansekap Batangtoru di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan
No full textKonflik manusia-orangutan tapanuli diduga meningkat akibat persaingan
memperebutkan sumberdaya dan ruang yang terbatas, perkembangan lahan budidaya dan
degradasi hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model mitigasi konflik
manusia-orangutan tapanuli pada hutan konservasi dan desa-desa penyangganya pada
Lansekap Batangtoru di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan
melalui pembuatan transeks dan plot pengamatan, kuisioner, wawancara mendalam dan
studi berbagai literatur. Analisis data mengunakan berbagai persamaan terkait aspek
ekologi, sosial ekonomi, kearifan lokal dan kelembagaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa orangutan memilih jenis dan karakteristik pohon tertentu untuk bersarang.
Kepadatan populasi berdasarkan penemuan sarang antara 0,41-0,65 individu/km2 atau
sekitar 155 individu dengan laju pertumbuhan rendah (r)= 0,051. Potensi vegetasi dan
ketersediaan pohon pakan masih mampu mendukung perkembangan orangutan tapanuli
sampai 247 individu dan diprediksi stabil di tahun 2100. Masyarakat pada desa konflik
mayoritas petani, pendidikan sampai SMP dan pendapatan dibawah Rp. 4.000.000,- per
bulan. Masyarakat beraktivitas setiap hari pada habitat orangutan, seperti mengambil
kayu bakar, berkebun dan menebang pohon sehingga sering terjadinya konflik dengan
orangutan. Peluang konflik akan tinggi pada daerah penyangga akibat tingginya pohon
pakan budidaya masyarakat, aktivitas penebangan dan kerusakan tanaman yang
dikonsumsi orangutan, seperti durian (Durio zibethinus Murray). Indeks persepsi
masyarakat termasuk setuju orangutan menjadi hama tanaman dan akan mengusirnya dari
lahan mereka, terutama sata musim buah. Kearifan lokal sudah mulai ditinggalkan dan
yang masih dilaksanakan adalah tradisi berdoa saat panen dan melindungi mual sebagai
sumber air. Model mitigasi dapat diimplementasikan melalui pengembangan prioritas
aspek ekologi dan ekonomi secara kolaborasi aktif dibawah koordinasi Pemerintah.
Strategi prioritasnya adalah pengkayaan pakan, pembangunan koridor, desa ekowisata,
kompensasi non tunai, dan revitalisasi kearifan lokal.The human-tapanuli orangutan conflict has increased due to competition in the use
of limited resources and space, development of cultivated land, and forest degradation.
This study aims to obtain a conflict mitigation model of human-tapanuli orangutan on the
conservation forest and its buffer zone in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli
District. Data were collected by making transects and observation plots, questionnaires,
and in-depth interviews. The data have analyzed using various equations to obtain
ecological, socio-economic, local wisdom, and institutional pieces of information. The
results showed that orangutans chose certain species and tree characteristics for nesting.
The estimated true density was 0.41-0.65 individuals/km2 or 155 individuals with a low
growth rate (r) = 0.051. Potential vegetation and availability of forage trees can support
the tapanuli orangutan up to 247 individuals and are estimated to be stable in 2100.
Communities in conflict villages are mostly farmers, education up to junior high school,
and income below IDR. 4,000,000 per month. Farmers do activities every day in the
orangutan habitat, such as collecting firewood, gardening, and cutting down trees,
causing conflicts with orangutans. There is a high chance of conflicts in buffer zones due
to the abundance of food trees cultivated by the community, logging activities, and
damage to crops consumed by orangutans, such as durian (Durio zibethinus Murray).
The community's perception index includes agreeing that orangutans are plant pests and
will expel them from their land, especially during the fruit season. The people have
practiced local wisdom such as the tradition of praying at harvest time and protecting
mual as water sources. The implementation of the conflict mitigation model can be done
by developing ecological and economic aspects in active collaboration under the
coordination of the Government. The priority strategies are food enrichment, corridor
development, ecotourism villages, non-cash compensation, and local wisdom
revitalization.234 HalamanDisertasi Dokto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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