20 research outputs found
Graphic illustrations in the Japanese political novels of the 1880s: creative work of Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
No full textThis paper pays attention to various interpretations of Japanese political novels of the 1880s, a genre, which appeared at the dawn of modern Japanese literature. Based on free translations of Western literary works, political novels could be used for entertainment as well as carry certain political ideas. A good example is the work Underground Russia written by a Russian nihilist S. Stepniak-Kravchinsky and translated into Japanese by Miyazaki Muryu as Demons are Crying. The paper concentrates on the analysis of illustrations to Captain’s Daughter by A. S. Pushkin and to Demons Are Crying. The author of illustrations was the artist Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839-1892), formerly known for his works in the ukiyo-e genre, in particular, for the so-called pictures of “bloody battles and murders”. It has been only recently that Yoshitoshi’s illustrations to literary works attracted attention of scholars, so that this topic still remains underexplored. Inspiration for his graphical works can be found in various sources, including engravings of St. Petersburg and guide-books of Western countries brought to Japan by the Embassy of Iwakura Tomomi (1871-1873) and made known by a historian Kume Kunitake who published a record of events and his impressions of the people and ideas they encountered. The paper argues that the artist more easily reproduced the external decorative elements of western style graphics, while the inner world of characters remained mysterious to him. He was particularly skillful in representations of women’s beautiful clothes in Western style. Illustrations by Yoshitoshi endowed political novels with enter-taining features allowing us to play down their assessment as instruments of Russia’s revolutionary influence on Japan. This paper could appear due to recent facsimile publication of the newspaper Jiyu Tomoshibi and creation of electronic version of Captain’s Daughter in Japanese translation
ORAL INTAKE DIFFICULTY IN HOSPITALIZED OLDER PERSONS WITH PNEUMONIA: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
No full textRelationship between Swallowing Function, and Functional and Nutritional Status in Hospitalized Elderly Individuals
No full textDysphagia is highly prevalent among hospitalized elderly individuals. However, the underlying mechanism of this condition remains to be elucidated. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between swallowing function, and functional and nutritional status in hospitalized elderly individuals. The subjects consisted of 113 patients with a mean age of 86.4 years. Those who had Parkinson’s disease and a cerebrovascular accident within 6 months, or malignancy were excluded. Swallowing measures included a graded water swallowing test and food intake level scale; functional measures included a physical dependency scale and a comprehension scale; and nutritional measures included serum albumin levels, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference. Both of the swallowing measures had significant correlations with the functional and nutritional measures but not with age, suggesting that dysphagia in this clinical population is related to functional dependency and malnutrition. Given that sarcopenia is exacerbated by disease, inactivity and malnutrition, the result of the present study is possibly explained using the concept of sarcopenia involving the swallowing muscle mass and its function
On the Change of the Golgi Apparatus in the Liver and Renal Cells in the Phlorizin-Glycosuria
Get PDFAlthough it is generally recognized that the phlorizinglycosuria is simply due to a direct action of the poison on the kidney, some authors believe that phlorizin may also pocesses a specific effect upon the liver. Therefore it is an interesting problem, in the case of phlorizin-glycosuria, to examine the finding of the Golgi apparatus in the cells of the liver on the one hand and that in the kidney on the other hand. The author has studied this problem and obtained the following result. If the phlorizin (0.1g per kilo body weight) is injected into the ear vein of the rabbit, the liver cells of that animal show a decrease of the Golgi apparatus, since the element of the apparatus fall into small pieces and emigrate for the most part to the circulating blood through the neighbouring capillaries. On the contrary, the renal cells of the animal exhibit a conspicuous development of the Golgi apparatus, its elements increasing in size and number greatly. The above mentioned change occurs in the liver already 30 minutes after the phlorizin-injection, While it is the case in the kidney first after one hour. In both organs the change goes on in course of time and becomes most remarkable after 6 hours. From this time on, however, it lessens gradually, until the apparatus in both organs assumes again its normal appearance after 24 hours. Various experiments have been done in past, concerning the change of the glycogen in the liver and kidney in the case of phlorizin poisoning. Their results coincide with the author's finding concerning the Golgi apparatus, so that its development goes hand in hand with the quantity of glycogen. Therefore it is easily conjecturable that there exists a close ralation between the Golgi apparatus and the glycogen, the former probably playing an important role in the synthesis and analysis of the latter. Since the phlorizin exerts such a specific effect upon the liver, the author believes, it cannot be excluded that the liver has something to do with the phlorizin-glycosuria
The study of illustrations in Ehontsuzokusangokushi published by Shimizuitijirou
Get PDFpdfChinese historical novel The Romance of the three kingdoms (Ming Dynasty-Ruoguanzhong) was spread to Japan in Edo period. The first Japanese translation Tsuzokusangokushi (preface by Konanbunzan) was published in Genroku 2nd year (1689). Ehontsuzokusangokushi (author-Ikedatouri/illustrator-Katsushikahokusai) was published in Tenpō 7th year (1836), and was based on the story of Tsuzokusangokushi with illustrations attached. The illustrations in Ehontsuzokusangokushi were over 400 pieces and the amount were the most of “Sangokushi stories” in Edo period. Until Meiji era, there had been over 30 versions of Ehontsuzokusangokushi, and at that time, the movable-type printing was available, so the relationship among booksellers was changed from cooperation to free competition.
In many publications, some were imitations of Hokusai (second generation)’s works, and some were original. Ehontsuzokusangokushi (published by Shimizuichijirou) was an original one. The title page was painted by Taiso Yoshitoshi, the illustrations in books were painted by Kobayashitoshimitsu and Mizunotoshikata. No matter the choices of setting or compositions, these were totally different from Hokusai’s works. Thus, we can see that the publisher wanted to make some differences from the classical and create an original work. In the highly-competitive publishing industry, Shimizuitijirou tried something new, such as using regular subscription for promotion or adopting original illustrations and these ways were fruitful. This study will focus on the Ehontsuzokusangokushi published by Shimizuichijirou and analyze the illustrations from the illustrators a Drawing styles. Also thinking about the meaning that original illustrations bring to classical lecture.conference pape
研究発表 清水市次郎出版『絵本通俗三国志』の挿絵についての考察
No full textpdfChinese historical novel The Romance of the three kingdoms (Ming Dynasty-Ruoguanzhong) was spread to Japan in Edo period. The first Japanese translation Tsuzokusangokushi (preface by Konanbunzan) was published in Genroku 2nd year (1689). Ehontsuzokusangokushi (author-Ikedatouri/illustrator-Katsushikahokusai) was published in Tenpō 7th year (1836), and was based on the story of Tsuzokusangokushi with illustrations attached. The illustrations in Ehontsuzokusangokushi were over 400 pieces and the amount were the most of “Sangokushi stories” in Edo period. Until Meiji era, there had been over 30 versions of Ehontsuzokusangokushi, and at that time, the movable-type printing was available, so the relationship among booksellers was changed from cooperation to free competition.
In many publications, some were imitations of Hokusai (second generation)’s works, and some were original. Ehontsuzokusangokushi (published by Shimizuichijirou) was an original one. The title page was painted by Taiso Yoshitoshi, the illustrations in books were painted by Kobayashitoshimitsu and Mizunotoshikata. No matter the choices of setting or compositions, these were totally different from Hokusai’s works. Thus, we can see that the publisher wanted to make some differences from the classical and create an original work. In the highly-competitive publishing industry, Shimizuitijirou tried something new, such as using regular subscription for promotion or adopting original illustrations and these ways were fruitful. This study will focus on the Ehontsuzokusangokushi published by Shimizuichijirou and analyze the illustrations from the illustrators a Drawing styles. Also thinking about the meaning that original illustrations bring to classical lecture
Ecophysiology of Thioploca ingrica as revealed by the complete genome sequence supplemented with proteomic evidence
Get PDFLarge sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which accumulate a high concentration of nitrate, are important constituents of aquatic sediment ecosystems. No representative of this group has been isolated in pure culture, and only fragmented draft genome sequences are available for these microorganisms. In this study, we successfully reconstituted the genome of Thioploca ingrica from metagenomic sequences, thereby generating the first complete genome sequence from this group. The Thioploca samples for the metagenomic analysis were obtained from a freshwater lake in Japan. A PCR-free paired-end library was constructed from the DNA extracted from the samples and was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. By closing gaps within and between the scaffolds, we obtained a circular chromosome and a plasmid-like element. The reconstituted chromosome was 4.8Mbp in length with a 41.2% GC content. A sulfur oxidation pathway identical to that suggested for the closest relatives of Thioploca was deduced from the reconstituted genome. A full set of genes required for respiratory nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas was also identified. We further performed a proteomic analysis of the Thioploca sample and detected many enzymes/proteins involved in sulfur oxidation, nitrate respiration and inorganic carbon fixation as major components of the protein extracts from the sample, suggesting that these metabolic activities are strongly associated with the physiology of Thioploca ingrica in lake sediment
Attenuation of lung inflammation and fibrosis in CD69-deficient mice after intratracheal bleomycin
Get PDFAbstract Background Cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), an early activation marker antigen on T and B cells, is also expressed on activated macrophages and neutrophils, suggesting that CD69 may play a role in inflammatory diseases. To determine the effect of CD69 deficiency on bleomycin(BLM)-induced lung injury, we evaluated the inflammatory response following intratracheal BLM administration and the subsequent fibrotic changes in wild type (WT) and CD69-deficient (CD69-/-) mice. Methods The mice received a single dose of 3 mg/kg body weight of BLM and were sacrificed at 7 or 14 days post-instillation (dpi). Lung inflammation in the acute phase (7 dpi) was investigated by differential cell counts and cytokine array analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, lung fibrotic changes were evaluated at 14 dpi by histopathology and collagen assays. We also used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to measure the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. Results CD69-/- mice exhibited less lung damage than WT mice, as shown by reductions in the following indices: (1) loss of body weight, (2) wet/dry ratio of lung, (3) cytokine levels in BALF, (4) histological evidence of lung injury, (5) lung collagen deposition, and (6) TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the lung. Conclusion The present study clearly demonstrates that CD69 plays an important role in the progression of lung injury induced by BLM.</p
Application of Higher Order Neural Network Dynamics to Distributed Radio Resource Usage Optimization of Cognitive Wireless Networks
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