16 research outputs found
Enhancement of Membrane Fouling Control in Hybrid Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor System for Domestic Waste Water Application: Effect of Alum Concentration
No full textAbstractAdditional of alum into the membrane bioreactor was found to be able to enhance the performance for the separation process. In this study, the influence of different alum concentrations on membrane fouling control and characteristics of activated sludge of membrane bioreactors were evaluated. Membrane bioreactor with low alum concentration of 1.0g/L was found able to provide better filterability performance compared to MBRs without and with excessive alum addition (3.0g/L and 5.0g/L). This study indicates that agglomeration of flocs and biodegradation mechanisms which took place simultaneously in the MBR with 1.0g/L of alum is able to reduce the total EPS concentration in the MBRs and subsequently contributing to better membrane fouling control
Active and durable R2MnRuO7 pyrochlores with low Ru content for acidic oxygen evolution
No full textThe production of green hydrogen in water electrolyzers is limited by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). State-of-the-art electrocatalysts are based on Ir. Ru electrocatalysts are a suitable alternative provided their performance is improved. Here we show that low-Ru-content pyrochlores (R2MnRuO7, R = Y, Tb and Dy) display high activity and durability for the OER in acidic media. Y2MnRuO7 is the most stable catalyst, displaying 1.5 V at 10 mA cm−2 for 40 h, or 5000 cycles up to 1.7 V. Computational and experimental results show that the high performance is owed to Ru sites embedded in RuMnOx surface layers. A water electrolyser with Y2MnRuO7 (with only 0.2 mgRu cm−2) reaches 1 A cm−2 at 1.75 V, remaining stable at 200 mA cm−2 for more than 24 h. These results encourage further investigation on Ru catalysts in which a partial replacement of Ru by inexpensive cations can enhance the OER performance. © 2023, The Author(s).We acknowledge the funding granted to the PROMET-H2 project by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 862253. The Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education of Saudi Arabia is acknowledged for funding this research work through project number 341. Financial support from grants PID2019−103967RJ-I00, PID2020-116712RB-C21, and PID2021-122477OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 is acknowledged. The authors acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on Beamline B18 and ALBA synchrotron for beamtime at MSPD line. The authors wish to acknowledge the Deutsche Akademische Austausch Dienst (DAAD), Scholarship code number 57540124. F.C.V. and M.J.K. acknowledge that the grants RTI2018-095460-B-I00, RYC-2015-18996, and MDM-2017-0767 were funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union. The use of supercomputing facilities at SURFsara was sponsored by NWO Physical Sciences, with financial support from NWO.Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37665-9.Peer reviewe
Advanced treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using electrocoagulation and peroxidation: parametric analysis and process optimization
No full text© 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.In this research, electrocoagulation-intensified peroxidation using an aluminum electrode was studied as a post-treatment method for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) with 4 operational variables (pH, current density, contact time, and H2O2 dosage). Optimization was carried out using response surface methodology. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the experimental data, and a second-order model was created to test the effects of process parameters on treatment performance. The optimum conditions were chosen as follows: pH 5.83, 0.18 g/L H2O2 dosage, 58.60 min contact time, and current density of 4.21 mA/cm2. The compatibility of the predicted optimum conditions has been verified by experimental data. As a result of the experiments performed under optimum conditions, COD, TSS, and color removals were found to be 97.89%, 99.31%, and 98.56%, respectively. The difference between experimental and predicted values was found to be less than 0.86%. The final treated effluent met the discharge standards determined by the World Bank, EU, US, and Malaysian Department of Environment. Under optimum conditions, the cost of treating 1 cubic meter of SWW was calculated as 3.02 MYR ($ 0.68)
Analysis of the effectiveness of existing pond to accommodate storm water runoff in UTHM
No full textRapid development within UTHM campus has changed the existing earth surface from pervious to impervious layer thus increasing the surface runoff. This study describe the application of XP SWMM software in determining the effectiveness of existing pond to accommodate the increase of storm water runoff based on designated rainfall event. Through this approach, the past studies, related journals, and Storm-water Management Manual (SWMM) are used as a reference for this study. Land and hydrographic survey is carried out in order to determine pond profile. The selected study principle using XPSWMM software is based on Rational Method as the catchment area is less than 80 ha and Manning Equation. The existing pond is designed to receive storm water runoff from two different catchments which are area around University Health Centre (PKU) and area starting from Centre for Diploma Studies (PPD) until Information Technology Centre (PTM). The input rainfall data is for 10 years rainfall event (2006-2016). It was found that there are no overflow from the pond, thus the volume for the pond (12356.39m^3) is effective to accommodate increasing storm water runoff from both catchment area
The Role of Personality and Linguistic Patterns in Discriminating Between Fake News Spreaders and Fact Checkers
No full text[EN] Users play a critical role in the creation and propagation of
fake news online by consuming and sharing articles with inaccurate information either intentionally or unintentionally. Fake news are written in a way to confuse readers and therefore understanding which articles contain fabricated information is very challenging for non-experts. Given the di culty of the task, several fact checking websites have been developed to raise awareness about which articles contain fabricated information. As a result of those platforms, several users are interested to share posts
that cite evidence with the aim to refute fake news and warn other users. These users are known as fact checkers. However, there are users who tend to share false information, who can be characterised as potential fake news spreaders. In this paper, we propose the CheckerOrSpreader model that can classify a user as a potential fact checker or a potential fake news spreader. Our model is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and combines word embeddings with features that represent
users' personality traits and linguistic patterns used in their tweets. Experimental results show that leveraging linguistic patterns and personality traits can improve the performance in di erentiating between checkers and spreaders.The work of the first author is supported by the SNSF Early
Postdoc Mobility grant under the project Early Fake News Detection on Social Media,
Switzerland (P2TIP2 181441). The work of Paolo Rosso is partially funded by the
Spanish MICINN under the research project MISMIS-FAKEnHATE on Misinformation
and Miscommunication in social media: FAKE news and HATE speech (PGC2018-
096212-B-C31).Giachanou, A.; Ríssola, EA.; Ghanem, B.; Crestani, F.; Rosso, P. (2020). The Role of Personality and Linguistic Patterns in Discriminating Between Fake News Spreaders and Fact Checkers. Springer. 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51310-8_17S181192Bai, S., Zhu, T., Cheng, L.: Big-Five Personality Prediction Based on User Behaviors at Social Network Sites. https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.4809 (2012)Bastos, M.T., Mercea, D.: The Brexit botnet and user-generated hyperpartisan news. Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. 37(1), 38–54 (2019)Burbach, L., Halbach, P., Ziefle, M., Calero Valdez, A.: Who shares fake news in online social networks? In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, UMAP 2019, pp. 234–242 (2019)Cer, D., et al.: Universal Sentence Encoder. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.11175 (2018)DiFranzo, D., Gloria, M.J.K.: Filter Bubbles and Fake News. ACM Crossroads 23(3), 32–35 (2017)Farías, D.I.H., Patti, V., Rosso, P.: Irony detection in Twitter: the role of affective content. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. (TOIT) 16(3), 1–24 (2016)Ghanem, B., Glavaš, G., Giachanou, A., Paolo, S., Ponzetto, P.R., Rangel, F.: UPV-UMA at CheckThat! lab: verifying Arabic claims using a cross lingual approach. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2019 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (2019)Ghanem, B., Rosso, P., Rangel, F.: An emotional analysis of false information in social media and news articles. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. (TOIT) 20(2), 1–18 (2020)Giachanou, A., Gonzalo, J., Crestani, F.: Propagating sentiment signals for estimating reputation polarity. Inf. Process. Manage. 56(6), 102079 (2019)Giachanou, A., Rosso, P., Crestani, F.: Leveraging emotional signals for credibility detection. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR 2019, pp. 877–880 (2019)Goldberg, L.R.: A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. Pers. Psychol. Europe 7(1), 7–28 (1999)Heinström, J.: Five personality dimensions and their influence on information behaviour. Inf. Res. 9(1), 1–9 (2003)John, O.P., Srivastava, S.: The big-five trait taxonomy: history, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In: Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, pp. 102–138 (1999)Mohammad, S.M., Turney, P.D.: Emotions evoked by common words and phrases: using mechanical turk to create an emotion lexicon. In: Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text, pp. 26–34 (2010)Neuman, Y.: Computational Personality Analysis: Introduction, Practical Applications and Novel Directions, 1st edn. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42460-6Neuman, Y., Cohen, Y.: A vectorial semantics approach to personality assessment. Sci. Rep. 4(1), 1–6 (2014)Oyeyemi, S.O., Gabarron, E., Wynn, R.: Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination? BMJ Clin. Res. 349, g6178 (2014)Pennebaker, J.W., Boyd, R.L., Jordan, K., Blackburn, K.: The Development and Psychometric Properties of LIWC 2015. Technical report (2015)Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2014, pp. 1532–1543 (2014)Pennycook, G., Rand, D.: Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking. J. Pers. 88, 185–200 (2018)Qazvinian, V., Rosengren, E., Radev, D.R., Mei, Q.: Rumor has it: identifying misinformation in microblogs. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2011, pp. 1589–1599 (2011)Rangel, F., Rosso, P.: Overview of the 7th author profiling task at PAN 2019: bots and gender profiling in Twitter. In: Working Notes of CLEF 2019 - Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (2019)Rashkin, H., Choi, E., Jang, J.Y., Volkova, S., Choi, Y.: Truth of varying shades: analyzing language in fake news and political fact-checking. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 2931–2937 (2017)Ríssola, E.A., Bahrainian, S.A., Crestani, F.: Personality recognition in conversations using capsule neural networks. In: 2019 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, WI 2019, pp. 180–187 (2019)Ross, C., Orr, E.S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J.M., Simmering, M.G., Orr, R.R.: Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Comput. Hum. Behav. 25(2), 578–586 (2009)Shu, K., Wang, S., Liu, H.: Understanding user profiles on social media for fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval, MIPR 2018, pp. 430–435 (2018)Shu, K., Mahudeswaran, D., Wang, S., Lee, D., Liu, H.: FakeNewsNet: A Data Repository with News Content, Social Context and Dynamic Information for Studying Fake News on Social Media. https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.01286 (2018)Vo, N., Lee, K.: Learning from fact-checkers: analysis and generation of fact-checking language. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR 2019, pp. 335–344 (2019)Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., Aral, S.: The spread of true and false news online. Science 359(6380), 1146–1151 (2018)Wang, W.Y.: Liar, Liar Pants on Fire: A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detection. https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.00648 (2017
Hydrophobic Contribution To Amoxicillin Release Associated With Organofunctionalized Mesoporous Sba-16 Carriers
No full textMesoporous silica SBA-16, synthesized and organofunctionalized with 3-iodopropyltrimethoxysilane, diethyl iminodiacetate and benzidine through post-synthesis methodology, was applied as a drug delivery system. Amoxicillin was chosen due to its action as a broad-spectrum antibiotic for treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. The well-characterized SBA-16 silica showed an ordered mesoporous structure, with sorption/desorption data in agreement with type IV isotherms, presenting a H2 hysteresis loop. The surface area values varied from 836 for SBA-16 to 377 m2 g-1 for that containing the largest pendant chain bonded to the inorganic backbone. These available pendant chains permit up to 51 wt.% loadings that are higher than with other similar organofunctionalized silicas. This drug-loaded degree offers better conditions when applied for delivery systems. Thus, drug delivery investigation in simulated intestinal (pH = 7.4) and gastric (pH = 1.2) fluids gave higher values for the first fluid. The efficiency of an amoxicillin-loaded system depended not only on increases of the hydrophobic surface due to the organofunctionalization, but also to hydrogen bond formation between the drug and the available centers attached to the pendant chains. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.59214222Parveen, S., Misra, R., Sahoo, S.K., Nanoparticles: A boon to drug delivery, therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging (2012) Nanomedicine, 8, p. 147Butun, S., Ince, F.G., Erdugan, H., Sahiner, N., One-step fabrication of biocompatible carboxymethyl cellulose polymeric particles for drug delivery systems (2011) Carbohydr. 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Compressible test-field method and its application to shear dynamos
No full textIn this study we present a compressible test-field method (CTFM) for
computing effect and turbulent magnetic diffusivity tensors, as well
as those relevant for mean ponderomotive force and mass source, applied to the
full MHD equations. We describe the theoretical background of the method, and
compare it to the quasi-kinematic test-field method, and to the previously
studied variant working in simplified MHD (SMHD). We present several test cases
using velocity and magnetic fields of the Roberts geometry, and also compare
with the imposed-field method. We show that, for moderate imposed field
strengths, the nonlinear CTFM (nCTFM) gives results in agreement with the
imposed-field method. Comparison of different flavors of the nCTFM in the shear
dynamo case also agree up to equipartition field strengths. Some deviations
between the CTFM and SMHD variants exist. As a relevant physical application,
we study non-helically forced shear flows, which exhibit large-scale dynamo
action, and present a re-analysis of low Reynolds number, moderate shear
systems, where we previously neglected the pressure gradient in the momentum
equation, and found no coherent shear-current effect. Another key difference is
that in the earlier study we used magnetic forcing to mimic small-scale dynamo
action, while here it is self-consistently driven by purely kinetic forcing.
The kinematic CTFM with general validity forms the core of our analysis. We
still find no coherent shear-current effect, but do recover strong large-scale
dynamo action that, according to our analysis, is driven through the incoherent
effects.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journa
Global pattern, trend, and cross-country inequality of early musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2019, with projection from 2020 to 2050
No full textBackground: This study aims to estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of early musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among individuals ages 15 to 39 years.
Methods: The global prevalence, years lived with disabilities (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and inequality were estimated for early MSK diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), gout, and other MSK diseases (OMSKDs).
Findings: More adolescents and young adults were expected to develop MSK disorders by 2050. Across five age groups, the rates of prevalence, YLDs, and DALYs for RA, NP, LBP, gout, and OMSKDs sharply increased from ages 15–19 to 35–39; however, these were negligible for OA before age 30 but increased notably at ages 30–34, rising at least 6-fold by 35–39. The disease burden of gout, LBP, and OA attributable to high BMI and gout attributable to kidney dysfunction increased, while the contribution of smoking to LBP and RA and occupational ergonomic factors to LBP decreased. Between 1990 and 2019, the slope index of inequality increased for six MSK disorders, and the relative concentration index increased for gout, NP, OA, and OMSKDs but decreased for LBP and RA.
Conclusions: Multilevel interventions should be initiated to prevent disease burden related to RA, NP, LBP, gout, and OMSKDs among individuals ages 15–19 and to OA among individuals ages 30–34 to tightly control high BMI and kidney dysfunction.
Funding: The Global Burden of Disease study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project is funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38).This study was produced as part of the GBD Collaborator Network and in accordance with the GBD Protocol (IHME ID: 4241-GBD2019). For GBD studies, a waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington. The Global Burden of Disease study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project is funded by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38). Y.J. and C.G. were joint first authors who contributed equally to the manuscript. L.-s.T. and D.W. were joint senior authors. Y.J. C.G. L.-s.T. and D.W. were writing authors of the manuscript. Providing data or critical feedback on data sources \u2013 Y.J. M. Abbasian, M. Abbasifard, J.H.A. A. Abdullahi, A. Abedi, H. Abidi, H. Abolhassani, A.A.-Z. A.V.A. Q.E.S.A. A. Ahmed, J.P.A. S. Akkala, M. Albashtawy, H. Alemi, S. Almustanyir, N.J.A-Z. H. Amu, J. Arabloo, A. Artaman, K.K.A. T.A. S.S.A. B.T.T.A. H.A.T. A.Y.A. M. Banach, M. Banakar, M. Bardhan, T.W.B. H.J.B, A. Barrow, M. Bayani, N.S.B. A. Begde, A.S.B. G.K.B. J.S.B. K. Burkart, M.H.B. V.K.C. A.C. G.C. D.-T.C. N.C.-M. X.D. Z.D. S. Das, S. Dhingra, T.C.D. T.H.P.D. K.D.K.D. M.E. S.E. A.F.F. A. Fatehizadeh, A. Feizkhah, R.C.F. T.F. A.K.G. P.G. M.G.-N. A.G. S.M.G. B. Gupta, I.R.G. S.G. V.B.G. V.K.G. W.B.H. R. Halwani, J.M.H. J. Haubold, M. Hosseinzadeh, M.N.H. H.-H.H. S.E.I. S.M.S.I. N.E.I. N. Jain, S.J. J.B.J. T.J. C.E.J. H. Kandel, R.S.K. I.M.K. S. Kedir, Y.S.K. H. Khajuria, M.AB.K. M.Z.K.S. S. Khateri, A. Kisa, A.T.T.K. O.K. K.K. C.L. T.L. S.L. T.T.T.L. T.D.T.L. Y.H.L. D.L.L. S.S.L. Z.F.M. M.A.M. L.G.M. M.K.M. L.H.N.M. M.M.E. E.M.M. A. Misganaw, S. Mohammadi, A.H.M. S. Momtazmanesh, L.M. 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J.H.A. reports support for the present article from the Health Research Council of New Zealand as payment to their institution; grants or contracts from Otago Medical Research Foundation as payments to their institution; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, with the Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Osteoarthritis Aotearoa New Zealand outside the submitted work. B.A. reports an investigator-initiated trial grant with the Rebecca Cooper Foundation, investigator-initiated trial biomarkers assessment support from a Nat Rem Ltd grant, a speaker fee for a pharma-related presentation from Nat Rem Ltd; and travel support from IRACON, all outside the submitted work. T.W.B. reports support for the present article from the IDAlert project, part of the Europe Horizon Framework; grants from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kr\u00F6ner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and the WHO; consulting fees from KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the NIH-funded study \u201CHealthy Options\u201D (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya) as chair; membership on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the \u201CFuture of Public Health Research and Education\u201D; a role as chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation; membership on the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee; National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH); US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's committee for the \u201CEvaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)\u201D; University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) external advisory board member; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-chair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health), all outside the submitted work. R. Buchbinder reports grants or contracts from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Government, HCF Foundation, Cabrini Foundation, and Arthritis Australia as payments to their institution and royalties from UpToDate for a book chapter on plantar fasciitis, all outside the submitted work. X.D. reports support for the present article from IHME through salary as their employee. S. Das reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as American Association of Clinical Chemistry Division Leader and India section program chair and member of Women in Global Health India, all outside the submitted work. R.C.F. reports grants or contracts from Heatwaves in Queensland \u2013 Queensland government, Arc Flash \u2013 Human Factors \u2013 Queensland government, and Mobile Plant Safety \u2013 Agrifutures; honoraria for the World Safety Conference 2022 as conference convener; support for attending meetings and/or travel for ACTM \u2013 Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Conferences 2022 and 2023 and ISTM \u2013 Travel Medicine Conference, Basel 2023; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as director of Kidsafe, director of Auschem, ISASH governance committee, director of Farmsafe, and PHAA Injury Prevention SIG convenor, all outside the submitted work. V.B. Gupta and V.K. Gupta report grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia, outside the submitted work. J.J.H. reports grants or contracts from ResearchNB and the Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation, outside the submitted work. A.H.H. reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as a board member of the Iranian Orthopedic Association Research Committee, editorial board member of Bone Reports, editorial board member of BMC Research Notes, and editorial board member of PlosOne, all outside the submitted work. I.M.I. reports support for the present article from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (project no. 175042, 2011\u20132023). M.D.I. reports support for the present article from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (no. 451-03-47/2023-01/200111). S.M.S.I. reports an investigator grant from NHMRC and a Vanguard grant from the Heart Foundation, all outside the submitted work. N.E.I. reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as bursar and council member of the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Malaysia, outside the submitted work. T.J. reports support for the present article from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security) and National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund (TKP2021-NVA). I.M.K. reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from Hofstra University for the APHA Conference 2022, outside the submitted work. K. Krishan reports non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. T. Lallukka reports support for the present article from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (grant 29/26/2020) as payment to their institution. L.G.M. reports institutional grants from Roche and Biogen and speakers fees from UCB, Seqirus, and Jansen, all outside the submitted work. L.M. reports support for the present article from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 34/2017) through payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. S. Muthu reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the ON Foundation for ICRS 2022 and 2023 and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with Research Grants Committee SICOT International and NextGEN Committee ICRS, all outside the submitted work. F.P. reports grants or contracts from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) through an Australia Early Career Fellowship, outside the submitted work. M.P. reports grants from the Belgian Kids Fund for Pediatric Research outside the submitted work. Y.L.S. reports a doctoral scholarship from Taipei Medical University; contracts from FK Unpar, Indonesia, as contract-based academic staff; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-founder of Benang Merah Research Center; all outside the submitted work. S. Sawyer reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as president and past president of the International Association for Adolescent Health, outside the submitted work. J.H.A. reports support for the present article from the Health Research Council of New Zealand as payment to their institution; grants or contracts from Otago Medical Research Foundation as payments to their institution; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, with the Osteoarthritis Research Society International and Osteoarthritis Aotearoa New Zealand outside the submitted work. B.A. reports an investigator-initiated trial grant with the Rebecca Cooper Foundation, investigator-initiated trial biomarkers assessment support for Nat Rem Ltd grant, a speaker fee for a pharma-related presentation from Nat Rem Ltd; and travel support from IRACON, all outside the submitted work. T.W.B. reports support for the present article from the IDAlert project, part of the Europe Horizon Framework; grants from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kr\u00F6ner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and the WHO; consulting fees from KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the NIH-funded study \u201CHealthy Options\u201D (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya) as chair; membership on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the \u201CFuture of Public Health Research and Education\u201D; a role as chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation; membership on the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee; National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH); US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine\u2019s committee for the \u201CEvaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)\u201D; University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) external advisory board member; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-chair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health), all outside the submitted work. R. Buchbinder reports grants or contracts from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian Government, HCF Foundation, Cabrini Foundation, and Arthritis Australia as payments to their institution and royalties from UpToDate for a book chapter on plantar fasciitis, all outside the submitted work. X.D. reports support for the present article from IHME through salary as their employee. S. Das reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as American Association of Clinical Chemistry Division Leader and India section program chair and member of Women in Global Health India, all outside the submitted work. R.C.F. reports grants or contracts from Heatwaves in Queensland \u2013 Queensland government, Arc Flash \u2013 Human Factors \u2013 Queensla
