1,721,088 research outputs found
The Johannine Letters as the witness of the community in crisis
No full textSince antiquity, the three Johannine Letters have been read as the reflection of a crisis that had shaken the Christian communities connected with the author(s) of these epistles. Following this historical interpretation, and despite some recent endeavors to the contrary, 1 John is seen by the overwhelming majority of commentators as a polemic against false doctrine of certain secessionist elements (cf. 2:19); the author’s polemical arguments deal with several controversial points, both christological and ethical. From the study of extra-biblical sources describing early Christian heterodox movements, there has emerged no general agreement as to the identity of the author’s opponents; therefore, scholarly reconstructions of the historical context – the actual views held by these secessionists, derived solely from the texts of 1 and 2 John, have produced a number of different pictures, individually coherent yet ultimately divergent. In order to deal with the doctrinal crisis, the author of 1 John provides a set of criteria for discerning between true and false doctrine. Most importantly, however, he harks back to the principle of eyewitness testimony and upholds the key concept of the beginning as a normative rule in his community’s understanding of their tradition
Listy Janowe jako świadectwo wspólnoty przeżywającej kryzys
Full text linkSince antiquity, the three Johannine Letters have been read as the refl ection
of a crisis that had shaken the Christian communities connected with
the author(s) of these epistles. Following this historical interpretation, and despite
some recent endeavors to the contrary, 1 John is seen by the overwhelming
majority of commentators as a polemic against false doctrine of certain
secessionist elements (cf. 2:19); the author’s polemical arguments deal with
several controversial points, both christological and ethical. From the study of
extra-biblical sources describing early Christian heterodox movements, there
has emerged no general agreement as to the identity of the author’s opponents;
therefore, scholarly reconstructions of the historical context – the
actual views held by these secessionists, derived solely from the texts of 1 and
2 John, have produced a number of diff erent pictures, individually coherent
yet ultimately divergent. In order to deal with the doctrinal crisis, the author
of 1 John provides a set of criteria for discerning between true and false doctrine.
Most importantly, however, he harks back to the principle of eyewitness
testimony and upholds the key concept of the beginning as a normative
rule in his community’s understanding of their tradition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Old Testament Background of “Ecce Homo” in John 19:5
Full text linkPilate’s declaration ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος found in John 19:5 has given rise to a number of interpretations that seem in basic agreement, yet, at the same time, many others of a divergent and opposing nature. Among the many treatments of this verse is a whole set of proposals that see in Pilate’s words an allusion to various Old Testament texts. The present article aims at presenting the range of these scholarly interpretations (both older and modern ones) which resort to an Old Testament background for the famous ecce homo phrase. The article then focuses the discussion on Daniel’s “Son of Man”, the Isaianic “Suffering Servant”, the messianic “man” of Zec 6:12 and Num 24:17 (LXX), Adamic typology, the king of 1 Sm 9:17, and finally the figure of the bridegroom from the Song of Songs. In each case, an evaluation of the hypothetical Old Testament background is given. The author concurs with the idea of multiple intertextual Old Testament references encapsulated in Pilate’s ecce homo utterance.Starotestamentowe tło „Ecce homo” w Ewangelii św. Jana 19,5Słowa Piłata ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος (J 19,5) spotkały się z całą gamą różnorodnych interpretacji, czasem wzajemnie się wykluczających. Wśród nich znajdują się także propozycje widzące w wypowiedzi Piłata aluzję do kilku tekstów starotestamentowych. Niniejszy artykuł jest krytyczną prezentacją tych propozycji. Zostały zatem omówione interpretacje wskazujące na „Syna Człowieczego” z Księgi Daniela, Izajaszowego „Cierpiącego Sługę”, mesjańskiego „człowieka” z Za 6,12 i Lb 24,17 (LXX), Adama z Księgi Rodzaju, króla z 1 Sm 9,17 oraz oblubieńca z Pieśni nad Pieśniami. W każdym przypadku przestawiono krytyczną ocenę danej interpretacji. Autor przychyla się do stanowiska uznającego jednoczesne istnienie aluzji do wielu tekstów starotestamentowych w Piłatowym stwierdzeniu „Oto człowiek!
“I delight in love, not in sacrifice”: Hosea 6:6 and Its Rereading in the Gospel of Matthew
Full text linkThe first part of the article deals with four different understandings of Hosea 6:6 in the context of that entire book: (1) the repudiation of the cult as such; (2) the rejection of a particular notion of cult; (3) the priority of ethics over the cult; and (4) the symbiosis of cult and ethics, i.e. that an authentic cult interweaves ethical values and proper ritual conduct. The author concludes that the fourth interpretation best fits the message of the Book of Hosea. The second part of the article deals with the problem of the textual Vorlage which would have been used by Matthew. He seems to have quoted the Hebrew text in a way that remains faithful to his contemporary hermeneutical rule, according to which each element of a biblical parallelism was to be interpreted separately, based on the belief that every single line carried equal weight and conveyed a new truth or a new law. The Matthean rereading of Hosea 6:6, the focus of the third part, is presented from two perspectives: the synchronic and the diachronic. In the synchronic presentation, the main point of concern is the contribution of the quotes in 9:13 and 12:7 to the understanding of those Matthean pericopes. Finally, the diachronic reading deals with the Matthean use of Hosea 6:6 within the context of the Matthean community and its dialogue with the Rabbinic Judaism of that day
"Miłości pragnę, nie krwawej ofiary". Relektura Oz 6,6 w Ewangelii według św. Mateusza
Full text linkThe first part of the article deals with four different understandings of Hosea 6:6 in the context of this prophetic book: (1) repudiation of the cult as such, (2) the rejecting of a specific kind of cult, (3) the priority of ethics over the cult, and (4) the symbiosis of cult and ethics, i.e. that an authentic cult interweaves ethical values and proper ritual conduct. The author concludes that the fourth interpretation best fits the message of the Book of Hosea. The second part of the article deals with the problem of the textual Vorlage which would have been used by Matthew. It seems that he quoted from the Hebrew text, being faithful to a then-current hermeneutical rule by which each part of a biblical parallelism was interpreted separately, based on the belief that every single line carried equal weight and conveyed a new truth or a new law. The Matthean relecture of Hosea 6:6, the focus of the third part, is presented from two perspectives, namely synchronic and diachronic. In the synchronic presentation the main point of concern is the contribution of the quotes in 9:13 and 12:7 to understanding the Matthean pericopes. Finally, the diachronic reading deals with the Matthean use of Hosea 6:6 within the context of the Matthean community and of its dialogue with the Rabbinic Judaism of the day
Testimony about my Bishop
Full text linkThe paper is a small part of the books of Rev. Adam Kubiś on card. Franciszek Macharski. The article presents an abbreviated biography of the Cardinal starting with his priesthood and concluding with his becoming a cardinal. The text offers some personal reflections on the person, life and work of card. Franciszek Macharski from the perspective of Rev. Adam Kubiś who worked very closely with the Cardinal for many years.The paper is a small part of the books of Rev. Adam Kubiś on card. Franciszek Macharski. The article presents an abbreviated biography of the Cardinal starting with his priesthood and concluding with his becoming a cardinal. The text offers some personal reflections on the person, life and work of card. Franciszek Macharski from the perspective of Rev. Adam Kubiś who worked very closely with the Cardinal for many years
Starotestamentowe tło „Ecce homo” w Ewangelii św. Jana 19,5
Full text linkSłowa Piłata ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος (J 19,5) spotkały się z całą gamą różnorodnych interpretacji, czasem wzajemnie się wykluczających. Wśród nich znajdują się także propozycje widzące w wypowiedzi Piłata aluzję do kilku tekstów starotestamentowych. Niniejszy artykuł jest krytyczną prezentacją tych propozycji. Zostały zatem omówione interpretacje wskazujące na „Syna Człowieczego” z Księgi Daniela, Izajaszowego „Cierpiącego Sługę”, mesjańskiego „człowieka” z Za 6,12 i Lb 24,17 (LXX), Adama z Księgi Rodzaju, króla z 1 Sm 9,17 oraz oblubieńca z Pieśni nad Pieśniami. W każdym przypadku przedstawiono krytyczną ocenę danej interpretacji. Autor przychyla się do stanowiska uznającego jednoczesne istnienie aluzji do wielu tekstów starotestamentowych w Piłatowym stwierdzeniu „Oto człowiek!”.Pilate’s declaration ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπος found in John 19:5 has given rise to
a number of interpretations that seem in basic agreement, yet, at the same time, many
others of a divergent and opposing nature. Among the many treatments of this verse is
a whole set of proposals that see in Pilate’s words an allusion to various Old Testament
texts. The present article aims at presenting the range of these scholarly interpretations (both older and modern ones) which resort to an Old Testament background
for the famous ecce homo phrase. The article then focuses the discussion on Daniel’s
“Son of Man”, the Isaianic “Suffering Servant”, the messianic “man” of Zec 6:12 and
Num 24:17 (LXX), Adamic typology, the king of 1 Sm 9:17, and finally the figure of the
bridegroom from the Song of Songs. In each case, an evaluation of the hypothetical Old
Testament background is given. The author concurs with the idea of multiple intertextual Old Testament references encapsulated in Pilate’s ecce homo utterance
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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