1,589 research outputs found
Author Identifcation in Short Texts
No full textMost research on author identification considers large texts. Not many research is done on author identification for short texts, while short texts are commonly used since the rise of digital media. The anonymous nature of internet applications offers possibilities to use the internet for illegitimate purposes. In these cases, it can be very useful to be able to predict who the author of a message is. Van der Knaap and Grootjen [28] showed that authors of short texts can be identified using single words (word unigrams)
with Formal Concept Analysis.
In theory, grammatical information can also be used as an indication of the author of the text. Grammatical information can be captured by word bigrams. Word bigrams are pairs of successive words, so they reveal some information on the sentence structure the author used. For this thesis I performed experiments using word bigrams as features for author identification to determine whether performance increases compared to using word unigrams as features. In most languages many grammatical relations within a sentence are between words that are not successive. The DUPIRA parser, a natural language parser for Dutch, produces dependency triplets that represent relations between non successive words, based on the Dutch grammar. I used these triplets as features, either alone or in combination with unigrams or bigrams. People often use smileys when communicating with someone using digital media.
Therefore, I also examined the influence of smileys on author identification.
The messages used for the experiments are obtained from the subsection `Eurovision Songfestival 2010' of the fok.nl message board. With these messages the data files for 7 feature sets were constructed: word unigrams excluding smileys, word unigrams including smileys, word bigrams excluding smileys, word bigrams including smileys, only dependency triplets, triplets+word unigrams, triplets+word bigrams. A support vector machine algorithm (SVM) was used as the classification method. This is a commonly used algorithm for author identification. There are different implementations of SVM. In this thesis SMO, LibSVM and LibLINEAR are compared. The LibLINEAR algorithm gave the best results.
The results revealed that in all conditions the performance is above chance level. So all reveal some information about the author. The performance for the word unigrams including smileys showed the best results, while the performance using the dependency triplets is the lowest. Results also revealed that when smileys are considered the performance increases, so smileys provide additional information about
the author
Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing
No full textThe paper describes the research in the £1.3 million IeMRC Integrated Optical and Electronic Interconnect PCB Manufacturing (OPCB) Flagship Project in which 8 companies and 3 universities carry out collaborative research and which was formed and is technically led by the author. The consortium’s research is aimed at investigating a range of fabrication techniques, some established and some novel, for fabricating polymer multimode waveguides from several polymers, some formulations of which are being developed within the project. The challenge is to develop low cost waveguide manufacturing techniques compatible with commercial PCB manufacturing and to reduce their alignment cost. The project aims to take the first steps in making this hybrid optical waveguide and electrical copper track printed circuit board disruptive technology widely available by establishing and incorporating waveguide design rules into commercial PCB layout software and transferring the technology for fabricating such boards to a commercial PCB manufacturer. To focus the research the project is designing an optical waveguide backplane to tight realistic constraints, using commercial layout software with the new optical design rules, for a demonstrator into which 4 daughter cards are plugged, each carrying an aggregate of 80 Gb/s data so that each waveguide carries 10 Gb/s
Il problema del fondamento in F.A. Lange
No full textIl contributo di F.A. Lange, autore della nota "Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart", alla ripresa del pensiero kantiano. Centralità della "Kritik der reinen Vernunft" e della sua rivoluzione. La "psychophysische Organisation" alla base dell'attività teoretica.The contribution of Fr. Albert Lange, author of the famous "Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart", to the "zurück zu Kant". The key role of “Kritik der reinen Vernunft” and its revolution. The “psychophysische Organisation” at the base of theoretical activity
Author Correction: Human neutrophils phagocytose and kill Acinetobacter baumannii and A. pittii
No full textAdrián Fernández was omitted from the author list in the original version of this Article. This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file. The updated Author List now reads: María Lázaro-Díez, Itziar Chapartegui-González, Santiago Redondo-Salvo, Chike Leigh, David Merino, David San Segundo, Adrián Fernández, Jesús Navas, José Manuel Icardo, Félix Acosta, Alain Ocampo-Sosa, Luis Martínez-Martínez & José Ramos-Vivas The Author Contributions section now reads: J.R.V. conceived the experiments, J.R.V and D.S.S. designed the experiments, M.L.D., I.C.G., S.R.S., C.L., D.M., A. F., F.A., A.O.S., J.M.I. and J.R.V. performed the experiments, M.L.D., I.C.G., J.N., F.A., J.M.I. L.M.M. and J.R.V. analyzed the data, A.O.S., D.S.S., J.N., F.A., J.M.I. contributed with reagents/materials/analysis tools, J.R.V. wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the manuscript.1,244,379Q1Q1SCI
The Case Against Redistribution: F.A. Hayek on Social Justice
No full textIn this thesis, F.A. Hayek\u27s argument is against social justice is given context, discussed, and evaluated. Hayek was one of the leading voices of libertarian ideology in the Twentieth Century. While Road to Serfdom is his most popular work, Hayek\u27s philosophy is most fully expressed in his three volume set, Law, Legislation and Liberty. His thoughts against social justice are found the in the second volume, entitled The Mirage of Social Justice. It is the conclusion of the author that Hayek\u27s argument against social justice, in the form of redistribution, falls short as it depends on a presupposition that an evolutionary moral and legal process will necessarily end in securing a libertarian style of government. The only possible means of salvaging the argument would to accept inherent and inviolable human rights, which Hayek fundamentally rejects as he claims the Kantian tradition
La función del juez en el pensamiento de F.A. Hayek
No full textThis paper shows the relationship between the due process and the liberal theory of law of Friedrich Hayek. The author highlights the rules of just conduct in contrast of result rules. The author sustains that Hayek’s theory applies not only to substantive law, but also to adjective law. At the same time, he explains the function of judges in a liberal order in contrast to the activist approach. As a conclusion, the author defends that an adversarial system founded in rules of just conduct is vital for a Free Society, in opposition to an inquisitorial system, or a mixture of them.En este artículo se aborda la relación entre debido proceso y la teoría liberal del derecho de F.A. Hayek, con énfasis en las normas de recta conducta en contraposición a las normas de resultado. Se postula que la teoría de Hayek no sólo es aplicable al derecho sustancial, sino que también al derecho procesal. Al mismo tiempo, se explica la misión del juez en un orden liberal y garantista, contraria a la postura activista del juez. Concluyendo que un sistema acusatorio fundado en normas de recta conducta es indispensable para una Sociedad Libre, en oposición a sistemas inquisitivos o mixtos
MCTS on model-based Bayesian Reinforcement Learning for efficient learning in Partially Observable environments
No full textAccepted author manuscriptInteractive Intelligenc
Structure of Rubidium and Strontium Nuclides of Mass 90 and 91
No full textTitle: Structure of Rubidium and Strontium Nuclides of Mass 90 and 91, Author: James F.A. Mason, Location: ThodeThe level structures of 90,91Rb and 90,91Sr, as populated in beta decay, have been investigated using Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) gamma ray and plastic beta ray spectrometers, and standard spectroscopic techniques. Beta-gamma and gamma-gamma coincidence experiments have been used to establish twelve levels in 90Rb, four levels in 91Rb and to determine the ground state Q-values for the decay of
both 90Kr and 91Kr. Thirty-one levels have been proposed in 90Sr and eighteen in 91Sr on the basis of gamma-gamma coincidence experiments only. The lifetime of the first excited state in 91Sr has also been measured.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
Informal institutions in F.A. Hayek’s theory
No full textThe concept of individualism, freedom, or economic order in F.A. Hayek’s theory, contains references to rules shaping people’s behavior. The author believes that every person has the right to follow his own rules. The rules are created in a spontaneous way and are not planned by anyone. Those institutions that, in terms of F.A. Hayek determine the existence and duration of societies, became the subject of considerations undertaken in this publication. The purpose of this article is to identify the informal institutions in theories announced by the Nobel Laureate. According to F.A. Hayek, there are socially valuable features that take the form of patterns and traditions shaping human behavior. Regularity appearing in actions of individuals, which is not always a direct result of a conscious action, often allows to make predictions of their behavior. The rules often forbid people to do what their instincts demand from them, they require a gradual change in people’s natural or instinctive reactions to other members of the community. This must be seen as a renunciation to the community. Individuals must submit to the operation of these social rules that are difficult to understand without special analysis. The ability to adapt determines the possibility of a society development. There is no individual able to possess the knowledge of all potentially possible situations to create an adequate system of behavior procedures. This is only possible with the help of other members of the society. As a result of “applying” their use, a type of a spontaneous order is formed. This forms the basis for developing adopted institutions. The kind of a sanction that upholds the rules, can be identified – it is the responsibility that goes beyond rules enforced by law. The purpose of the legal system is to maintain order formed spontaneously thus enabling to gain objectives by individuals. Hayek saw that in the long term, the new social rules are becoming more and more general, cease to be applicable to specific situations, but become abstract and more flexible. Spontaneous rule creation and change processes, their adaptation to changing realities cannot be replaced by an organized, purposeful order. This is due to the inability to obtain sufficient information about a variety of human behaviors and hence inability to create rules that would apply to such behavior. Creating the institutional order is a continuous process of trials and errors, a continuous experimentation of society with the rules. Hayek pointed out the barriers in shaping the institutional order and thus the social development. Their source can be non-compliance of adopted formal and informal evolutionary rules. Such a barrier affects the worse cooperation between the society members, reduces the benefits from economic activity, increases the business risk, makes the acquisition and processing of relevant information more difficult, and leads to informative chaos. Only cementing the adopted rules within rooted informal rules would allow their harmonized and effective impact on society
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