23 research outputs found
Fen communities. Ecological mechanisms and conservation strategies
No full textFens belong to the most treatened European ecosystems, being at the same time inhabited by a high number of rare plant species. Together with other types of wetlands, fens used to be widespread in lowland river valleys, but due to agricultural development, commonly accompanied by drainage, their area has decreased dramatically. In addition, fen biodiversity is declining today due to a cessation of traditional agricultural management, which has largely contributed to the development and stabilisation of species-rich plant communities.
Zie: Summary
Psychologia w Szkole Głównej
No full textThe aim of this article is to present lectures of psychology which took place at the Main School (as a part of the course of logic) and to demonstrate influence they had on positivists worldview. The author analyzes lectures and publications of professors (especially Henryk Struve, but also Wiktor Feliks Szokalski and Kazimierz Kaszewski). Although their works still refered to the Hegelian philosophy and Polish idealism, professors were interested in modern science which uses experience and observation. As the author proves on the basis of works of Julian Ochorowicz, (Henryk Struve’s student) it turns out that young positivists may be seen as students who were developing and continuing their professors idea
Narodziny polskiego scjentyzmu – o kryptometafizycznej dyskusji na temat szaleństwa
No full textThe article includes an analysis of the discussion that was sparked in the Polish medical society by the work of a Polish philosopher and professor of the Warsaw Main School, Henryk Struve, titled On the existence of soul and its role in mental illness (1867). The author attempts to present critical statements made by medics (such as Henryk Hoyer, Stanisław Markiewicz, Romuald Pląskowski, Wiktor Feliks Szokalski) as an example of an awakened scientific awareness associated with Polish positivism in order to illustrate various difficulties surrounding the birth of the new positivist outlook including a strong influence of Polish idealistic philosophy on positivism. Through juxtaposition of these opinions he shows that in essence this hermetic and specialist dispute was not so much concerned with etiology of madness as with the basis of certain knowledge, the borders of the methodology of natural sciences, and most of all the question of the existence of soul
The Literariness of Fryderyk Chopin’s Correspondence
No full textIn some measure, in opposition to the contemporary studies on Chopin’s letters emphasising their non-literary character, the aim of this study is to point at the multifaceted literariness of the correspondence of the author of the Revolutionary Etude. One of its crucial aspects would be the intertextual one: Chopin’s letters constitute an intriguing community of style, including, above all, the schemes of Fredro-like comedy and Henryk Rzewuski’s gawęda szlachecka (nobility tale). The idea of writing in the spirit of disciplined lightness, rigour of formulating thoughts in a casual, colloquial and easy manner, as Wiktor Weintraub put it, affects Chopin’s planned skill of self-creation and autothematical procedures, always in similar styles that use humour for the purpose of making thing unusual, or even obscene. The arguments collected in the article force one to withdraw Ryszard Przybylski’s conviction about Chopin’s epistolography as representing the language “serving life” only outside of literature and literariness
Wiktor Choriew in memoriam
No full textThe present volume gathers the papers presented at the International Conference „Borderlands, the East and the Ideas of Europe” in Białystok, 12-14 May 2011, theevent which was accompanied by the first International Convention of the Inhabitants of Białystok.
The event was organized by the following institutions: the University of Białystok,Chair in Philological Studies „East – West” (at the time functioning as Chair in Interdisciplinaryand Comparative Studies „East – West”) at Institute of Polish Studies (the University of Białystok), the International Association of the Inhabitants of Białystok, Książnica Podlaska (library) in Białystok, High School of Public Administration in Białystok, Chair in Intercultural Education (the University of Białystok), Chair in theLate 19th and Early 20th Century Polish Literature (the University of Białystok), the Municipal Council of Białystok, the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society, Faculty ofLaw (the University of Białystok), Aleksander Węgierko Theater in Białystok, the„Trans Humana” Association, the Association for Developing Intercultural Education, Jerzy Giedroyc University Library, Polish Radio „Białystok”, the Medical University of Białystok, the Literary Studies Committee at the Polish Academy of Sciences, thePodlaskie Museum in Białystok, the Museum of Militaria in Białystok.
The Conference „Borderlands, the East and the Ideas of Europe” was a largescale project which was meant to trigger research of the unique part of Europe: the Eastern borderlands, the remote Marches, the meeting of the cultures of the East and the West. Białystok is an ideal venue for such an undertaking, but the Conference debates and discussions were by no means limited to this particular point on a map. The Conference organizers wanted to examine as much as can be perceived from the vantage point of Białystok: the inhabitants of the borderlands, their culture, tradition, memory and identity; the legacy of Grand Duchy of Lithuania; the phenomenon of „life in the Marches”; the cultural uniqueness of the Orient; the legacy of Byzantium; roots of the Eastern religious thought; and other related issues. The rationale behind all the debates was to build up a certain space of communication, and to hammer out a model of multicultural Europe, within which the two stems of European culture – the East and the West – would intertwine to form a unity, but – at the same time – would retain its uniqueness and variety. One of the most fundamental issues debated during the Conference was the question whether the history of the Eastern borderlands brings any meaningful picture of common Europe.
In order to achieve the Conference’s goals, the organizers invited Polish and foreign scholars representing different fields of humanities: the East and the West studies, Byzantium and Ancient Rome studies, literature, philology, modern languages, history, art history, cultural studies, philosophy, theology, sociology, and other disciplines – this multiplicity of perspectives is elaborated on by Jarosław Ławski in the first text of the present volume („The Research Project: Borderlands, the East and theIdeas of Europe”). It needs to be emphasized that such a large-scale project was by no means limited to a single meeting session – it was, in fact, a starting point for a series of conferences, and it initiated a series of publications under the title COLLOQUIA ORIENTALIA BIALOSTOCENSIA, which includes: Teodor Bujnicki. The Last Bardof Grand Duchy of Lithuania (various authors), Jews of Eastern Poland. Culture – Tradition – Writings (various authors). It is our pleasure to offer another publication of theseries – a very important one as it collects the papers presented at the conference that initiated the whole project.
The present volume (the second part of Borderlands, the East and the Ideas of Europe) is dedicated to Professor Wiktor Choriew, a pre-eminent Slavicist who acted as a tutor to a number of Russian scholars specializing in Polish studies. Professor Choriew died on 26 May 2012, a day after he was awarded a degree honoris causa at Janka Kupała University in Grodno. It was during the ceremony that the editors of the present volume had a great honour to meet Professor. Two texts, by Swietłana Musijenko and by Jarosław Ławski, sketch a profile of Wiktor Choriew and outline his academic achievements. The volume opens with Jarosław Ławski’s meditation upon the key words that constitute its title: Borderlands, the East and the Ideas of Europe. The author enumerates their different meanings and connotations, focusing primarily on the mythical function of such phenomena as the representation of the Marches in Polish culture.
Chapter I, PEOPLE OF DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE OF PEOPLE, touches upon the mutual penetration between two civilizations and cultures: the Catholic and Protestant West and the Orthodox East. This cultural exchange is seen in the context of intellectual work done by specific people, e.g. Wiktor Choriew, an outstanding Russian scholar specializing in Polish studies (Swietłana Musijenko and Jarosław Ławski).On the one hand, Chapter I presents the perception of the East by Europeans: Poles (Grażyna Pawlak and Elżbieta Mikiciuk), Hungarians (Jerzy Snopek and Marek Szladowski), and other nations and ethnic groups, e.g. Romani (Anna Sobieska); on the other hand, it introduces opinions about Europe and Western civilization expressed by people from the East: the first Westernizers (Adam Bezwiński on Piotr Czaadajew), and Russian Romantics travelling across Europe (Danuta Piwowarska).
Chapter II, BYZATIUM, RUS, ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY, concerns the role of Orthodox Christianity and Byzantine legacy in the development of various culture sand nations of Eastern and Central Europe. The texts from this part of the volume discuss the cultural significance of the Byzantine Church (Antoni Mironowicz), the influence of Russian preaching on the identity and attitudes of the inhabitants of cultural and religious borderlands (Marzanna Kuczyńska), and the consequences of Union of Brest on people’s identities and their cultures (Piotr Chomik, Witold Kołbuk). Additionally, the chapter gives an account of individual viewpoints on Orthodox Christianity and, more broadly, on Christianity as such (Dawid Szymczak on Piotr Skarga, and Monika Grygiel on Vladimir Nabokov).
Chapter III, ROMANTICISM – RECOGNITIONS AND REVOLTS, outlines encounters of the Polish (mainly but not only) Romantics with the culture and civilization of the East: Antoni Malczewski’s fascination with Ukraine (Urszula Makowska, Marta Białobrzeska); Adam Mickiewicz’s embrace of Pan-Slavism and Slavophilia (Michał Kuziak); Juliusz Słowacki’s tendency to mythologize Ukraine, the land of hisbirth (Leszek Zawierzyński); Leszek Dunin Borkowski’s studies of Sanskrit (Tadeusz Półchłopek); and pilgrimages and travels to the Holy Land (Dorota Kulczycka). The presentations are by no means restricted to Polish Romanticism (Joanna Pietrzak - The baulton Niccolò Tommaseo), and take a critical view of the Romantic belief in an exceptional role of Poles in Eastern Europe (Henryk Słoczyński on Józef Szujski).
Chapter IV, THE EAST, BIAŁYSTOK, ART, sketches the specific character of Northeastern Poland in general, and historical and contemporary Podlasie in particular. The authors’ deliberations range from literary representations of the region as a unique place on the world’s map (Wojciech Piotrowski writes about the literary geography of old Rzeczpospolita) to – notable for its sacred buildings – architecture of the region (Krzysztof Woźniak) to profiles of writers whose works depict „locality” as the source of universal values (Joanna Tomalska, Beata Mróz, Bożena Chodźko, Marek Kochanowski).The chapter also brings two articles on Jewish communities in the region: in Białystok (Joanna Tomalska) and in Vilnius (Jolanta Kowal).
Chapter V, LITHUANIA’S BO(A)RDERLAND GAMES, is dedicated to Lithuania, her relations with Poland and other nations or cultures. The articles from this part of the book outline the history of the co-existence of nations and cultures in Vilnius (Tadeusz Bujnicki, Halina Turkiewicz), the complexity of mutual relations between Poles and Lithuanians in the historical perspective (Andrzej Baranow), the literary representation of the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian borderlands (Anna Wydrycka, Inesa Szulska), a „borderland daily life” as emerging from memoirs (Maria Jolanta Olszewska),and the unique folklore of the Polish-Lithuanian borderland (Anna Józefowicz, Jolanta Sawicka-Kurek).
Chapter VI, A JOINT FIELD: POLAND, GERMANY, EUROPE, takes the reader from the Eastern Marches to the German borderland, demonstrating yet another set of influences on Polish culture. Among the issues discussed by the authors are: Western culture as perceived by Poles (Agnieszka Czajkowska), Polish issues and Eastern issue sunder the Western eyes (Barbara Sawicka-Lewczuk), the relations between Poland and the EU countries (Joanna Pawłowska), a special status and cultural uniqueness of the Polish regions heavily influenced by German culture: Silesia (Mariusz Jochemczyk, Katarzyna Tałuć), Lower Silesia (Kamila Gieba), Warmia and Masuria (Iwona Drażba).
Chapter VII, FACES OF THE INTERBELLUM: MIŁOSZ, groups and juxtaposes the opinions of the Polish poet on the culture and history of the Marches (Anna Szóstak) and on the Far East spirituality (Zofia Zarębianka); recalls literary representations of the Lithuanian Samogitia-Aukštaitija borderland, Miłosz’s homeland (Michał Siedlecki); and presents Miłosz’s opinions on the darkest episodes in this land’s history: his doom-laden thoughts on the eve of the outbreak of WW II (Jan Miklas-Frankowski) and the complexity of Polish-Jewish relations as described in the poet’s writings on pre-war Poland (Marek Biernacki).
Chapter VIII, LOOKING SOUTHWARDS, LOOKING EASTWARDS, overviews the whole Slavic culture in the context of its major ideas and its ethos (Zbigniew Kazimierczak on Slavic cosmogony, Marian Śliwiński on Jan Paweł Woronicz’s Slavophilia), and its confrontations with the culture of the Far East (Daniel Kalinowski) and other cultures. This overview in macro-scale is accompanied by a detailed study of the activities of people such as Abgar Sołtan, a writer and a great mufti of Polish Muslims (Marta Ruszczyńska); Jakub Szynkiewicz (Grzegorz Czerwiński); Ignacy Paderewski, one of the Prime Ministers of the interwar period (Jan Konopka);or great Polish female writers whose oeuvre is deeply rooted in the Polish-Lithuanian, Polish-Belarusian, and Polish-Ukrainian borderlands: Gabriela Zapolska (Anna Janicka) and Zofia Nałkowska (Swietłana Musijenko).Książka sfinansowana ze środków: Książnicy Podlaskiej im. Ł. Górnickiego w Białymstoku oraz Wydziału Filologicznego UwB.ANNA JANICKA, dr, adiunkt w Zakładzie Literatury Pozytywizmu i Młodej Polski w Instytucie Filologii Polskiej Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Zainteresowania badawcze: literatura polska II połowy XIX wieku, twórczość Gabrieli Zapolskiej. Autorka m.in. studiów: Figury tożsamości. O języku bohaterek w prozie Grabieli Zapolskiej (1998); „…Z punktu widzenia Małgosi”. Faust i kobiety (2001), a także Krasiński postyczniowy. Przypadek młodych pozytywistów (2011). Współredaktorka tomu: Pogranicza, cezury, zmierzchy Czesława Miłosza (Białystok 2012). Ostatnio zredagowała i opracowała również książkę Marka Szladowskiego zatytułowaną (Bez)senna egzystencja. Starość Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego (Białystok 2012). Przygotowała książkę o twórczości autorki Żabusi: Sprawa Zapolskiej. Skandale i polemiki (Białystok 2013). Odznaczona Medalem Komisji Edukacji Narodowej.GRZEGORZ KOWALSKI, mgr, absolwent filologii polskiej na Uniwersytecie w Białymstoku, podwójny stypendysta Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. Pracownik naukowy Książnicy Podlaskiej im. Łukasza Górnickiego w Białymstoku. Współpracuje stale z Katedrą Badań Filologicznych „Wschód – Zachód” w Instytucie Filologii Polskiej Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. Interesuje się romantyzmem polskim i europejskim, mitem, religią i wyobraźnią. Ukazała się ostatnio jego książka o bohaterach dramatycznych Juliusza Słowackiego Duch w osobie (Białystok 2012). Autor studiów: Starsza siostra w wierze. O Judycie z „Księdza Marka”; Ciekawość, pożądanie i baśń w „Przygodach Sindbada Żeglarza”, a także Inteligentna planeta – modny temat drugiej połowy XX wieku. Współredaktor m.in. tomów Piękno Juliusza Słowackiego (t. I–III, Białystok 2012–2014).ŁUKASZ ZABIELSKI, dr, absolwent filologii polskiej i historii na Uniwersytecie w Białymstoku. Praca magisterska, napisana pod kierunkiem prof. Jarosława Ławskiego: Topos Cyncynata w literaturze polskiej I połowy XIX wieku. Obronił rozprawę doktorską na temat: Kajetan Koźmian w oczach wielkich polskich romantyków. Autor artykułu: Cyncynata polski. O „Ziemiaństwie polskim” Kajetana Koźmiana i „Panu Tadeuszu” Adama Mickiewicza. Zainteresowania badawcze obejmują szeroko pojętą kulturę zarówno współczesną, jak i przeszłą, szczególnie z pogranicza wieków. Współorganizator Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Stefan Żeromski i tradycje inteligencji polskiej. Idee – estetyka – język” (2011), Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Pogranicza, Kresy, Wschód a Idee Europy” (2011) oraz Jubileuszowej Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 1812–2012. Pisarz – Myśliciel – Autorytet” (2012)
In search of depth – the roman poems by Adam Mickiewicz
No full textIn this paper, we present an analysis of the so called ‘Roman lyrics’ by Adam Mickiewicz, which marked a religious breakthrough in his poetry. The following poems are analysed: The Master of Masters, Evening Discourse, Reason and Faith, The Sages The author makes ample references to previous research by Juliusz Kleiner, Wacław Borowy, Wiktor Weintraub, Jacek Łukasiewicz, and others, enriching their insights both with complementary and polemical remarks. The author emphasises the importance of identifying the relative position of the Roman lyrics in the life and work of the Polish Bard. It appears that the issues tackled in these poems, especially the intellectual dilemmas expressed therein, are anticipatory with respect to the attitudes held by Mickiewicz at a later period in his life, when he changed words into action, all the time fighting with himself.HENRYK GRADKOWSKI – prof. dr hab., prorektor Kolegium Karkonoskiego (1998–2007) a następnie rektor Karkonoskiej Państwowej Szkoły Wyższej w Jeleniej Górze (2007–2015), dziś Rektor Senior tej uczelni i jej profesor – jest literaturoznawcą, posiadającym także znaczący dorobek z zakresu pedagogiki i filozofii. Jest autorem siedemnastu książek oraz ok. dwustu artykułów. Autor książek: Mickiewicz w polskiej szkole XIX i pierwszej połowy XX wieku. Strategie lektury i style odbioru; Szkolna recepcja Słowackiego w XIX i pierwszej połowie XX wieku; Zygmunt Krasiński – dzieje recepcji (na podstawie dzieł literaturoznawców i autorów podręczników szkolnych); Czym jest literatura dziecięca? Poradnik metodyczny; W poszukiwaniu tożsamości… (pedagogika – filozofia – literatura); Pedagogika – terapia – edukacja literacka. Obecnie jest profesorem zwyczajnym w Państwowej Wyższej
Szkole Zawodowej im. Angelusa Silesiusa w Wałbrzychu i dyrektorem Instytutu Społeczno-Prawnego.Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Angelusa Silesiusa w WałbrzychuBorowy W., O poezji Mickiewicza, t. II, Lublin 1958.Chrzanowski I., Na szczytach polskiej liryki religijnej, „Pamiętnik Literacki”, XXXII.Jan Paweł II, Fides et ratio, Portal Opoka, z. 18.Kleiner J., Mickiewicz, t. II, cz. I, Lublin 1949.Litwornia A., Rzym Mickiewicza. Poeta nad Tybrem 1929–1831, Warszawa 2005.Łukasiewicz J., Wiersze Adama Mickiewicza, Wrocław 2003.Mickiewicz A., Wiersze, Wydanie Rocznicowe 1798–1998, Warszawa 1993.Mickiewicz A., Wybór poezyj, opracował C. Zgorzelski, t. II, Wrocław1986.Tomasz á Kempis, O naśladowaniu Chrystusa, Kraków 1991.Weintraub W., Poeta i prorok. Rzecz o profetyzmie Mickiewicza, Warszawa 1982.Witkowska A., Doświadczenie towianistyczne Adama Mickiewicza, „Rocznik Towarzystwa Literackiego im. A. Mickiewicza”, R. XII, 1987.4422122
Environmental exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke and selected socio-economic factors
No full textKalinowski Paweł, Kozłowska Ewelina, Woś Michał, Kobiałka Anna, Wołoszynek Eliza, Wawrzycka Maria Bożenna, Wiktor Henryk. Environmental exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke and selected socio-economic factors. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):537-549. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.886022
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4773
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017).
1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Authors 2017;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017.
Środowiskowe narażenie kobiet ciężarnych na dym tytoniowy a wybrane czynniki socjoekonomiczne
Environmental exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke and selected socio-economic factors
Paweł Kalinowski1, Ewelina Kozłowska1, Michał Woś2, Anna Kobiałka2, Eliza Wołoszynek3, Maria Bożenna Wawrzycka4, Henryk Wiktor5
1 Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
2 SKN przy Samodzielnej Pracowni Epidemiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
3 Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach
4 Oddział Położniczy z Oddziałem Patologii Ciąży, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Wojewódzki im. Jana Bożego w Lublinie
5 Zakład Położnictwa, Ginekologii i Pielęgniarstwa Położniczo-Ginekologicznego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
Adres do korespondencji / Address for correspondence
mgr Ewelina Kozłowska
Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin
e-mail: [email protected]
Streszczenie
Wprowadzenie. Narażenie kobiet ciężarnych stanowi ryzyko dla zdrowia prokreacyjnego, prawidłowego przebiegu ciąży, zdrowia noworodka oraz dziecka w dalszych latach życia. Według badań GATS 14,1 miliona Polaków jest narażonych na bierne wdychanie dymu tytoniowego. W Polsce ok. 20-30% kobiet pali papierosy w czasie ciąży, a połowa niebędących czynnymi palaczkami narażona jest na bierne palenie. W związku z czym w Polsce każdego roku rodzi się ponad 100 tys. dzieci, które podczas pierwszych 9 miesięcy istnienia w łonie matki są narażone na działanie setek związków niszczących zdrowie.
Cel pracy. Celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie socjoekonomicznych determinant środowiskowego narażenia na dym tytoniowy wybranej grupy kobiet ciężarnych.
Materiał i metoda. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 105 pacjentek oddziałów położniczych szpitali w Lublinie i w Zamościu. Przy analizie statystycznej przyjęto poziom istotności p<,05.
Wyniki. Blisko połowa ankietowanych przebywała w czasie ciąży z osobami, które paliły papierosy w ich obecności (46,67%), w tym 14,94% - codziennie. Narażenie na bierne palenie w czasie ciąży znacznie częściej dotyczy kobiet z wykształceniem zawodowym i średnim (72%), wykonujących pracę fizyczną (77,78%), głównie w pozycji chodzącej (72,73%). Kobiety bierne zawodowo w okresie poprzedzającym ciążę, częściej deklarują kontakt z dymem tytoniowym w miejscu zamieszkania w czasie ciąży niż kobiety aktywne zawodowo przed ciążą (33,33% i 21,84%). Codzienny kontakt z osobami palącymi znacznie częściej deklarują kobiety pracujące fizycznie (40% vs. 3,33%).
Wnioski. Wyniki badań wskazują na istniejący problem narażenia kobiet ciężarnych na działanie dymu tytoniowego. Badane czynniki socjoekonomiczne mają wpływ na stopień narażenia na środowiskowy dym tytoniowy. Istnieje potrzeba wdrożenia systematycznych działań w zakresie edukacji społecznej na temat wpływu dymu tytoniowego na rozwój wewnątrzmaciczny płodu.
Słowa kluczowe: narażenie, dym tytoniowy, palenie bierne, aktywność zawodowa, kobiety ciężarne.
Summary
Introduction. Exposure of pregnant women constitutes the risk to procreative health, correct process of pregnancy, health of newborn babies and children in further years. According to GATS, 14.1 mln of Poles are exposed to inhalation of tobacco smoke. In Poland about 20-30% of women smoke cigarettes during pregnancy and half non-active smokers are exposed to passive smoking. Therefore, in Poland each year are born more than 100 thousand children that during the first 9 months of existence in the mother’s womb are exposed to hundreds of health threat compounds.
Aim. An aim of this work is to study the socio-economic determinants of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the selected group of pregnant women.
Material and Method. The study was carried out in the group of 105 patients of maternity wards in Lublin and Zamość hospitals. Significance level with statistical analysis was adopted as p < 05.
Results. Nearly half of respondents spent time during pregnancy with persons, who smoked cigarettes in their presence (46.67%) including 14.97% – each day. Exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy significantly more often affects women with vocational and secondary education (72%), performing physical work (77.78%), mainly walking work (72.73%). Women professionally passive in period prior to pregnancy more often declare their contact with tobacco smoke in the place of residence during pregnancy than women professionally active prior to pregnancy (33.33% and 21.84%). Daily contact with smokers more often declares women, who work physically (40% vs. 3.33%).
Conclusions. Study results indicate the problem of exposure of pregnant women to smoke. Studied socio-economic factors affect the degree of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. There is a need to implement systematic activities in the field of social education about the influence of tobacco smoke on intrauterine development of the fetus. For this purpose it would be useful to develop a health program for women of child-bearing age with focus on the most vulnerable social groups of women. It is also necessary to provide people actively smoking from pregnant women, in particular of home environment, with health education.
Key words. exposure, tabacco smoke, passive smoking, professional activity, pregnant women
Analiza wybranych czynników predykcyjnych występowania depresji u kobiet w okresie okołomenopauzalnym
No full textIntroduction. Perimenopausal period is a civilisation problem of the 21st century in relation to the constant ageing of society. Based on the demographic data, ever year, 25 million women worldwide experience climacteric symptoms.
Aim. The objective of the study was analysis of the occurrence of depression in women at perimenopausal age according to socio-demographic characteristics.
Material and methods. The study covered a group of 202 women, aged from 45-55, and was conducted during the period from October 2013 - February 2014, by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire designed by the author and the Beck Depression Inventory.
Results. The mean intensity of the symptoms of depression ranged from 11.07 ± 8.19 (Me=9.00). The study showed that 55.94% (n=113) of respondents did not show symptoms of depression (0-10 scores), 39.11% (n=79) had moderate (11-27 scores), and 4.95% (n=10) - severe symptoms (28 scores and more).
Conclusions. Own studies confirmed that the majority of women at perimenopausal age (55.94%) did not show any symptoms of depression, 39.11% had moderate, and 4.95% severe symptoms. The respondents who had an elementary or elementary vocational education, mediocre or poor material standard, and lived in rural areas had symptoms of depression significantly more frequently, compared to those with secondary school or university education level, very good or good material standard, and living in urban areas Wprowadzenie. Okres okołomenopauzalny stanowi problem cywilizacyjny XXI wieku w związku ze stałym starzeniem się społeczeństwa. Z danych demograficznych wynika, że co roku 25 mln kobiet na całym świecie doświadcza objawów klimakterium.
Cel pracy. Celem badań była analiza występowania depresji u kobiet w okresie okołomenopauzalnym zależnie od zmiennych socjodemograficznych.
Materiał i metodyka. Badaniami objęto grupę 202 kobiet, w przedziale wiekowym 45-55 lat. Okres przeprowadzenia badań trwał od października 2013 do lutego 2014 roku. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety autorskiej oraz skali depresji Becka.
Wyniki badań. Średnie nasilenie objawów depresji wynosiło 11,07 ± 8,19 (Me=9,00). Badania wykazały, że 55,94% (n=113) ankietowanych nie miało objawów depresji (0-10 pkt), natomiast 39,11% (n=79) badanych miało umiarkowane objawy (11-27 pkt) i 4,95% (n=10) ciężkie (28 i więcej pkt).
Wnioski. Badania własne wykazały, że większość kobiet (55,94%) w okresie okołomenopauzalnym nie miało objawów depresji, natomiast 39,11% miało umiarkowane objawy i 4,95% objawy ciężkie. Badane z wykształceniem podstawowym i zawodowym, z przeciętną i złą sytuacją materialną oraz mieszkające na wsi miały istotnie częściej objawy depresji aniżeli kobiety z wykształceniem średnim i wyższym, z bardzo dobrą i dobrą sytuacją materialną oraz mieszkające w mieście
Predictors of the quality of life of women in peri-menopausal period
No full textIntroduction
The peri-menopausal period is the time of many biological, psychological and social changes. The quality of life of women in this period may be conditioned by many factors, and analysis of these factors may indicate the optimum directions of prophylactic and educational actions.
Objective
Analysis of selected predictive factors of the quality of life of women in the peri-menopausal period.
Material and Methods
The study covered 268 peri-menopausal women. The qualification criteria were: age 45–55, lack of mental disorders and diseases requiring hospitalization during the period of study. The study was conducted using standardized instruments: Women’s Health Questionnaire – WHQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and an author-constructed questionnaire.
Results
The presented study of the quality of life showed that the women examined felt physically unattractive, lacking the full joy of life, and frequently experienced somatic complaints. Nevertheless, the respondents enjoyed life, had no constant feeling of anxiety and concern. Multi-factor analysis showed that the quality of life in the group of women in the study was affected by the following factors: level of depression, self-reported state of health, occurrence of menopausal symptoms, education level, and marital status.
Conclusions
The quality of life of the peri-menopausal women examined was the highest with respect to depressive mood (DEP) and anxiety/depressed mood (ANX), while it was the lowest with respect to the sense of attractiveness (ATT), and somatic symptoms (SOM). In addition, in the group of women in peri-menopausal period the quality of life was conditioned: level of depression, self-reported state of health, occurrence of menopausal symptoms, education level, and marital status
