1,233 research outputs found
The Americanization of Tsuru Aoki: Orientalism, Melodrama, Star Image, and the New Woman
No full textThis article contextualizes issues of race and Orientalism in the career of Japanese actress Tsuru Aoki within changing representational strategies and ongoing cultural struggles over the public and domestic roles of women in the modern age. According to the author, Aoki\u27s persona blurred the boundaries between Japanese and U.S. identities
On the Existence of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Poisson Regression
No full textWe note that the existence of the maximum likelihood estimates for Poisson regression depends on the data configuration. Because standard software does not check for this problem, the practitioner may be surprised to find that in some applications estimation of the Poisson regression is unusually difficult or even impossible. More seriously, the estimation algorithm may lead to spurious maximum likelihood estimates. We identify the signs of the non-existence of the maximum likelihood estimates and propose a simple empirical strategy to single out the regressors causing this type of identification failure.Poisson estimation, gravity equation
The Maastricht convergence criteria and monetary and fiscal policies for the EMU accession countries
No full textMy PhD dissertation concentrates on the theoretical analysis of the way monetary and fiscal policies should be conducted in the European Monetary Union (EMU) accession countries. Importantly fiscal and monetary policies in these countries are required to satisfy the membership requirements of the EMU summarized in the Maastricht Treaty. My interest lies in identifying the implications of different monetary and fiscal policies on the compliance with the Maastricht criteria. I characterize the optimal monetary policy and also optimal interaction between monetary and fiscal policy in the EMU accession countries. I study how the Maastricht criteria affect the design of optimal policies and their ability to stabilize business cycle fluctuations. In order to address all these issues I perform the whole analysis in the framework of a two-sector small open economy model incorporating frictions such as price stickiness and distortionary taxation. The model is calibrated to match the moments of the Czech Republic economy. In Chapter 1 I study the ability of different monetary regimes to satisfy the Maastricht convergence criteria. I analyze regimes that reflect the policy choices observed in the EMU accession countries, i.e. a peg regime, a managed float and a flexible exchange rate regime with CPI inflation targeting. I find that there exists a significant trade-off between compliance with the CPI inflation criterion and the nominal interest rate criterion. Under the benchmark parameterization none of the regimes satisfies all the criteria. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the probability that some of the regimes will satisfy all the criteria increases with openness of the economy and degree of substitution between home and foreign traded goods. However the ultimate choice of the regime which satisfies all the criteria depends on the degree of exchange rate-pass through. Chapter 2 focuses on characterization of optimal monetary policy for EMU accession countries in the framework of the already developed model. I find that the optimal monetary policy in a two-sector small open economy should not only target inflation rates in the domestic sectors and aggregate output fluctuations, but also domestic and international terms of trade. Under the chosen parameterization optimal monetary policy does not satisfy the CPI inflation and the nominal interest rate criteria. The optimal constrained policy induces smaller variability of the CPI inflation and of the nominal interest rate. At the same, it is also characterized by a deflationary bias which results in targeting CPI inflation rate and nominal interest rate that are 0.7% p.a. lower than their equivalents in the reference countries. In Chapter 3 I incorporate fiscal policy by endogenising tax and debt decisions and restricting taxes to only distortionary ones. I find that targets of the unconstrained optimal monetary and fiscal policy are similar to those of the optimal monetary policy alone. Under the chosen parameterization, the optimal policy violates three Maastricht criteria: on the CPI inflation rate, the nominal interest rate and deficit to GDP ratio. Since monetary criteria play a dominant role in affecting the stabilization process of the constrained policy, CPI inflation and the nominal interest rate are characterized by a smaller variability at the expense of a higher variability of deficit to GDP ratio. The constrained policy is characterized by a deflationary bias which results in targeting the CPI inflation rate and the nominal interest rate that are lower by 1.3% p.a. than their equivalents in the countries taken as a reference. The constrained policy is also characterized by targeting surplus to GDP ratio at around 3.7%.Mi tesis doctoral se centra en el análisis teórico de las políticas monetarias y fiscales que deben llevarse a cabo en los países candidatos a la Unión Monetaria Europea (UEM). Es importante destacar que las políticas fiscales y monetarias de estos países tienen la obligación de satisfacer las condiciones de adhesión a la UEM resumidos en el Tratado de Maastricht. Mi interés se concentra en la identificación de las consecuencias de las distintas políticas monetarias y fiscales sobre el cumplimiento de los criterios de Maastricht. Mi tesis describe tanto la política monetaria óptima como la interacción óptima entre la política monetaria y fiscal en los países candidatos a la UEM. También se analiza cómo las condiciones de Maastricht afectan al diseño de las políticas optímas y su capacidad para estabilizar las fluctuaciones del ciclo económico. A fin de abordar estas preguntas se realiza todo el análisis en el marco de un modelo de economía pequeña y abierta con dos sectores que incorpora fricciones, tales como rigidez de precios e impuestos distorsionantes. El modelo está calibrado para que coincida con los momentos estadísticos de variables económicas de la República Checa. En el capítulo 1 se estudia la capacidad de los diferentes regímenes monetarios para satisfacer las condiciones de convergencia de Maastricht. Se analizan los regímenes que reflejan las opciones políticas observadas en los países candidatos a la UEM, es decir, un régimen de paridad, de flotación administrada y de tipo de cambio flexible. Existe una fuerte relación inversa entre el cumplimiento de las condiciones de inflación y del tipo de interés nominal. Bajo la parametrización escogida ninguno de los regímenes satisface todas las condiciones. El análisis de sensibilidad pone de manifiesto que la probabilidad de que algunos de los regímenes cumplan todas las condiciones aumenta con la apertura de la economía y el grado de sustitución entre bienes nacionales y extranjeros. Sin embargo, la elección final del régimen que cumple todas las condiciones depende del efecto traspaso del tipo de cambio. En el capítulo 2 se describe la política monetaria óptima para los países adheridos a la UEM en el marco del modelo ya desarrollado. La política monetaria óptima en una economía pequeña y abierta con dos sectores no sólo debería centrarse en las tasas de inflación en los sectores domésticos y las fluctuaciones de la producción total, sino también en los términos de intercambio domésticos e internacionales. Bajo la parametrización elegida la política monetaria óptima no cumple las condiciones relacionadas a la inflación y a la tasa de interés nominal. La política óptima restringida induce menor variabilidad de la inflación y de la tasa de interés nominal. Al mismo tiempo, esta politica también se caracteriza por una tendencia deflacionaria que se traduce en la selección de los objetivos de tasa de inflación y tasa de interés nominal que son inferiores en 0.7% anual a sus equivalentes en los países de referencia. En el capítulo 3 se incorpora la política fiscal endogenizando las decisiones fiscales, de endeudamiento público y de impuestos distosionantes. Los objetivos de las políticas fiscal y monetaria son similares a los de la política monetaria óptima. Bajo la parametrización elegida, la política óptima no cumple con tres condiciones de Maastricht: la tasa de inflación, la tasa de interés nominal y el ratio déficit / PIB. Como las condiciones monetarias juegan un papel predominante en el diseño de la política restringida, la inflación y la tasa de interés nominal se caracterizan por una menor variabilidad a costa de una mayor variabilidad de la relación déficit / PIB. La política restringida se caracteriza por una tendencia deflacionaria que implica la selección de objetivos de tasa de inflación y tasa de interés nominal que son inferiores en 1.3% anual a sus equivalentes en los países tomados como referencia. La política restringida también requiere un objetivo de superávit en torno al 3,7% del PIB
Toward a Phenomenology of Curriculum: The Work of Max Van Manen and T. Tetsuo Aoki.
No full textIn this study an attempt was made at understanding contemporary thought and application of phenomenological research to the field of curriculum and instruction. More specifically, it sought to identify a place and need for a methodology in curriculum research that exposes and clarifies the dynamics of pedagogy as a result of investigating the existential/ontological nature of pedagogical activity. In accomplishing this, the works of two major North American phenomenological curriculum theorists, T. Tetsuo Aoki and Max van Manen were examined. The work of these two significant contemporary curriculum theorists was used due to the international recognition their seminal phenomenologically oriented research activities in curriculum has received. The work of van Manen and Aoki was not only examined for its theoretical foundations and principal themes, but was also used as the guide to a modest phenomenological investigation by the author into the interpretation given to the phenomenon of experiencing knowledge by thirty-three Developmental Reading students from Louisiana State University. This examination of the study was prefaced by a review of three theoretical emphases from which the research of reading has been approached. This examination of the field of reading included a positing by the author of the necessity and benefits a phenomenological perspective of reading can offer to its curriculum development and instruction. Based on this discussion and the work of van Manen and Aoki, the phenomenological analysis of these students\u27 written responses to the reading of the novel Flowers For Algernon provided the researcher with the basis for several recommendations to curriculum development and instructional approaches in teaching reading to developmental education students. The conclusion of this study found that phenomenology, as part of an eclectic research methodology, can uniquely contribute to curriculum research and allows for the creation of a more lifeworld sensitive pedagogical praxis
Four New Species of the Superfamily Amerobelboidea from Yunnan Province in China (Acari : Ori ba tida)
No full textapplication/pdfField researches on soil animals in Yunnan, Southeast China were conducted in October, 1997 by the Sino-Japanese Cooperative study team headed by one of the author Dr. J. Aoki. Nine species belonging to the superfamily Arnerobelboidea have hitherto been reported from China by Aoki et al. (1997) : three species of Eremulus, one species of Costeremus, one species of Fosseremus, two species of Eremobelba, one species of Fenestrella. The present paper deals with new species,Yambaramerus arcuatus spec. nov., Ctenobelba polysetosus spec. nov., Eremobelba yunnanensis spec. nov. and Cristamerus yunnanensis spec. nov. Yambaramerus arcuates spec. nov. is distinguishable from Y. itoi Aoki, 1996 from Japan, by having anterior margin of notogaster with a pair of semicircular ridges, 5 pairs of genital setae and very long and strong epimeral, aggenital and adanal setae. Ctenobelba polysetosa spec. nov. is distinguishable from C. longisetosa Suzuoka & Aoki, 1980 from Japan, by having small body size, sensillus with 11 pectinations and strong neotorichy on ventral side. Eremobelba yunnunensis spec. nov. is distinguishable from E. coronata Perez-lnigo & Baggio, 1989 from Brazil, by having minutely barbed rostral setae, long notogastral setae, branched epimeral setae 3a and 4a. Cristamerus yunnanensis spec. nov. is distinguishable from C. spinosus Hammer, 1977 from Pakistan, by having small body, barbed prodorsal and adanal setae, long lamellar and interlamellar setae
IMPLIKATUR METAFORA PADA LIRIK LAGU SOUNDTRACK ANIME “AOKI HAGANE NO ARPEGGIO” アニメ『蒼き鋼のアルペジオ』のサウンドトラックの歌詞に隠喩含意
No full textABSTRACT
Rohmah, Minati. “Metaphoric Implicature in the soundtrack of Anime Aoki Hagane no Arpeggio’s lyrics”. Thesis, Japanese Literature, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Counsellor Zaki Ainul Fadli, S.S., M.Hum.
There is a symbolic nuance that disguise the real meaning of every arts. Therefore to understand that, semiotic theory and the approach of metaphoric implicature is strongly needed. The goal of this research is to explain symbols and metaphoric implicature in the soundtrack of Anime Aoki Hagane no Arpeggio’s lyrics.
This research employs descriptive qualitative method with the help of literature study. Pierce’s semiotic theory is used to understands every symbols in the song’s lyrics, including blank symbol, private symbol, and natural symbol. Meanwhile the approach of metaphoric implicature is used to understands metaphorc implicature in the lyrics.
The result of the research shows that there is 15 symbols and 11 metaphoric implicature in the soundtrack of Anime Aoki Hagane no Arpeggio’s lyrics. The most abundance symbol there is natural symbol which accounts for 53,3% of overall symbol, followed by blank symbol at 33,3%, and private symbols at 13,3%. Meanwhile the author only found three kind of the metaphoric implicatures, which is heroism metaphoric implicature (ode) at 36,36%; amourous metaphoric implicature (serenada) at 54,54%; and scescenerical metaphoric implicature at 9,09%.
Keywords : Pierce’s Semiotic Theory, Metaphoric Implicature, Song’s Lyrics
What measure of inflation should a central bank target?
No full textThis paper assumes that a central bank commits itself to maintaining an inflation target and then asks what measure of the inflation rate the central bank should use if it wants to maximize economic stability. The paper first formalizes this problem and examines its microeconomic foundations. It then shows how the weight of a sector in the stability price index depends on the sector's characteristics, including size, cyclical sensitivity, sluggishness of price adjustment, and magnitude of sectoral shocks. When a numerical illustration of the problem is calibrated to U.S. data, one tentative conclusion is that the central bank should use a price index that gives substantial weight to the level of nominal wages. JEL Classification: E42, E52, E58inflation targeting, monetary policy
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